Dward A Moore
Biographic Data
| ID | 88192 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Dward A Moore |
| GIVEN NAMES | Dward A |
| FAMILY NAME | Moore |
| SIGNATURE | MOORE D A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Carnegie Mellon University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6537-9598 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 387 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Algorithm appreciation
Redefine statistical significance
Preregister if you want to
Prespecification of confirmatory hypothesis tests is a useful tool that makes our statistical tests informative. On the other hand, selectively reporting studies, measures, or statistical tests renders the probability of false positives higher than the p values would imply. The bad news is that it is usually difficult to tell how much higher the probability is. Fortunately, there are enormous opportunities to improve the quality of our science by…
Prospect Theory
Prospect theory has been one of the single‐most influential behavioral theories of choice, not only in organizational behavior but also in psychology and in economics.
(Too) optimistic about optimism
A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe optimism selectively, when it can affect performance. Furthermore, participants believed optimism improved outcomes when a person's actions had considerable, rather than little, influence…
Revisiting the Instrumentality of Voice
A status-enhancement account of overconfidence
In explaining the prevalence of the overconfident belief that one is better than others, prior work has focused on the motive to maintain high self-esteem, abetted by biases in attention, memory, and cognition. An additional possibility is that overconfidence enhances the person's social status. We tested this status-enhancing account of overconfidence in 6 studies. Studies 1-3 found that overconfidence leads to higher social status in both short…
When Sunlight Fails to Disinfect
Disclosure is often proposed as a remedy for conflicts of interest, but it can backfire, hurting those whom it is intended to protect. Building on our prior research, we introduce a conceptual model of disclosure’s effects on advisors and advice recipients that helps to explain when and why it backfires. Studies 1 and 2 examine psychological mechanisms (strategic exaggeration, moral licensing) by which disclosure can lead advisors to give more-bi…
Conflicts of Interest
The trouble with overconfidence
The authors present a reconciliation of 3 distinct ways in which the research literature has defined overconfidence: (a) overestimation of one's actual performance, (b) overplacement of one's performance relative to others, and (c) excessive precision in one's beliefs. Experimental evidence shows that reversals of the first 2 (apparent underconfidence), when they occur, tend to be on different types of tasks. On difficult tasks, people overestima…
Error and bias in comparative judgment
People believe that they are better than others on easy tasks and worse than others on difficult tasks. In previous attempts to explain these better-than-average and worse-than-average effects, researchers have invoked bias and motivation as causes. In this article, the authors develop a more parsimonious account, the differential information explanation, in which it is assumed only that people typically have better information about themselves t…
Effects of task difficulty on use of advice
Although prior studies have found that people generally underweight advice from others, such discounting of advice is not universal. Two studies examined the impact of task difficulty on the use of advice. In both studies, the strategy participants used to weigh advice varied with task difficulty even when it should not have. In particular, the results show that people tend to overweight advice on difficult tasks and underweight advice on easy ta…
Film Adaptation, Co‐Authorship, and Hauntology
Self-Interest, Automaticity, and the Psychology of Conflict of Interest
Myopic Social Prediction and the Solo Comparison Effect
Four experiments explored the psychological processes by which people make comparative social judgments. Each participant chose how much money to wager on beating an opponent on either a difficult or a simple trivia quiz. Quiz difficulty did not influence the average person's probability of winning, yet participants bet more on a simple quiz than on a difficult quiz in the first 3 experiments. The results suggest that this effect results from a t…
Negotiation
The first part of this paper traces a short history of the psychological study of negotiation. Although negotiation was an active research topic within social psychology in the 1960s and 1970s, in the 1980s, the behavioral decision perspective dominated. The 1990s has witnessed a rebirth of social factors in the psychological study of negotiation, including social relationships, egocentrism, motivated illusions, and emotion. The second part of th…
Teaching Anthropology at the College Level
It is with some anticipation that I begin the responsibilities as editor of this section of the Quarterly. I have been concerned for some time with the methods we use as teachers of anthropology. Correspondence with other anthropologists in the past year or so has proven to me that there is a great deal of interest in teaching across the country. This section of the Quarterly will be devoted to an exchange of ideas on the teaching of anthropology…
Teaching Anthropology at the College Level
The trouble with overconfidence
The authors present a reconciliation of 3 distinct ways in which the research literature has defined overconfidence: (a) overestimation of one's actual performance, (b) overplacement of one's performance relative to others, and (c) excessive precision in one's beliefs. Experimental evidence shows that reversals of the first 2 (apparent underconfidence), when they occur, tend to be on different types of tasks. On difficult tasks, people overestima…
Redefine statistical significance
A status-enhancement account of overconfidence
In explaining the prevalence of the overconfident belief that one is better than others, prior work has focused on the motive to maintain high self-esteem, abetted by biases in attention, memory, and cognition. An additional possibility is that overconfidence enhances the person's social status. We tested this status-enhancing account of overconfidence in 6 studies. Studies 1-3 found that overconfidence leads to higher social status in both short…
Effects of task difficulty on use of advice
Although prior studies have found that people generally underweight advice from others, such discounting of advice is not universal. Two studies examined the impact of task difficulty on the use of advice. In both studies, the strategy participants used to weigh advice varied with task difficulty even when it should not have. In particular, the results show that people tend to overweight advice on difficult tasks and underweight advice on easy ta…
Self-Interest, Automaticity, and the Psychology of Conflict of Interest
Myopic Social Prediction and the Solo Comparison Effect
Four experiments explored the psychological processes by which people make comparative social judgments. Each participant chose how much money to wager on beating an opponent on either a difficult or a simple trivia quiz. Quiz difficulty did not influence the average person's probability of winning, yet participants bet more on a simple quiz than on a difficult quiz in the first 3 experiments. The results suggest that this effect results from a t…
Error and bias in comparative judgment
People believe that they are better than others on easy tasks and worse than others on difficult tasks. In previous attempts to explain these better-than-average and worse-than-average effects, researchers have invoked bias and motivation as causes. In this article, the authors develop a more parsimonious account, the differential information explanation, in which it is assumed only that people typically have better information about themselves t…
When Sunlight Fails to Disinfect
Disclosure is often proposed as a remedy for conflicts of interest, but it can backfire, hurting those whom it is intended to protect. Building on our prior research, we introduce a conceptual model of disclosure’s effects on advisors and advice recipients that helps to explain when and why it backfires. Studies 1 and 2 examine psychological mechanisms (strategic exaggeration, moral licensing) by which disclosure can lead advisors to give more-bi…
Teaching Anthropology at the College Level
It is with some anticipation that I begin the responsibilities as editor of this section of the Quarterly. I have been concerned for some time with the methods we use as teachers of anthropology. Correspondence with other anthropologists in the past year or so has proven to me that there is a great deal of interest in teaching across the country. This section of the Quarterly will be devoted to an exchange of ideas on the teaching of anthropology…
Preregister if you want to
Prespecification of confirmatory hypothesis tests is a useful tool that makes our statistical tests informative. On the other hand, selectively reporting studies, measures, or statistical tests renders the probability of false positives higher than the p values would imply. The bad news is that it is usually difficult to tell how much higher the probability is. Fortunately, there are enormous opportunities to improve the quality of our science by…
Revisiting the Instrumentality of Voice
(Too) optimistic about optimism
A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe optimism selectively, when it can affect performance. Furthermore, participants believed optimism improved outcomes when a person's actions had considerable, rather than little, influence…
Film Adaptation, Co‐Authorship, and Hauntology
Teaching Anthropology at the College Level
Teaching Anthropology at the College Level
It is with some anticipation that I begin the responsibilities as editor of this section of the Quarterly. I have been concerned for some time with the methods we use as teachers of anthropology. Correspondence with other anthropologists in the past year or so has proven to me that there is a great deal of interest in teaching across the country. This section of the Quarterly will be devoted to an exchange of ideas on the teaching of anthropology…
Negotiation
The first part of this paper traces a short history of the psychological study of negotiation. Although negotiation was an active research topic within social psychology in the 1960s and 1970s, in the 1980s, the behavioral decision perspective dominated. The 1990s has witnessed a rebirth of social factors in the psychological study of negotiation, including social relationships, egocentrism, motivated illusions, and emotion. The second part of th…
Myopic Social Prediction and the Solo Comparison Effect
Four experiments explored the psychological processes by which people make comparative social judgments. Each participant chose how much money to wager on beating an opponent on either a difficult or a simple trivia quiz. Quiz difficulty did not influence the average person's probability of winning, yet participants bet more on a simple quiz than on a difficult quiz in the first 3 experiments. The results suggest that this effect results from a t…
Self-Interest, Automaticity, and the Psychology of Conflict of Interest
Effects of task difficulty on use of advice
Although prior studies have found that people generally underweight advice from others, such discounting of advice is not universal. Two studies examined the impact of task difficulty on the use of advice. In both studies, the strategy participants used to weigh advice varied with task difficulty even when it should not have. In particular, the results show that people tend to overweight advice on difficult tasks and underweight advice on easy ta…
Film Adaptation, Co‐Authorship, and Hauntology
Error and bias in comparative judgment
People believe that they are better than others on easy tasks and worse than others on difficult tasks. In previous attempts to explain these better-than-average and worse-than-average effects, researchers have invoked bias and motivation as causes. In this article, the authors develop a more parsimonious account, the differential information explanation, in which it is assumed only that people typically have better information about themselves t…
The trouble with overconfidence
The authors present a reconciliation of 3 distinct ways in which the research literature has defined overconfidence: (a) overestimation of one's actual performance, (b) overplacement of one's performance relative to others, and (c) excessive precision in one's beliefs. Experimental evidence shows that reversals of the first 2 (apparent underconfidence), when they occur, tend to be on different types of tasks. On difficult tasks, people overestima…
Conflicts of Interest
When Sunlight Fails to Disinfect
Disclosure is often proposed as a remedy for conflicts of interest, but it can backfire, hurting those whom it is intended to protect. Building on our prior research, we introduce a conceptual model of disclosure’s effects on advisors and advice recipients that helps to explain when and why it backfires. Studies 1 and 2 examine psychological mechanisms (strategic exaggeration, moral licensing) by which disclosure can lead advisors to give more-bi…
A status-enhancement account of overconfidence
In explaining the prevalence of the overconfident belief that one is better than others, prior work has focused on the motive to maintain high self-esteem, abetted by biases in attention, memory, and cognition. An additional possibility is that overconfidence enhances the person's social status. We tested this status-enhancing account of overconfidence in 6 studies. Studies 1-3 found that overconfidence leads to higher social status in both short…
Revisiting the Instrumentality of Voice
Prospect Theory
Prospect theory has been one of the single‐most influential behavioral theories of choice, not only in organizational behavior but also in psychology and in economics.
(Too) optimistic about optimism
A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe optimism selectively, when it can affect performance. Furthermore, participants believed optimism improved outcomes when a person's actions had considerable, rather than little, influence…
Preregister if you want to
Prespecification of confirmatory hypothesis tests is a useful tool that makes our statistical tests informative. On the other hand, selectively reporting studies, measures, or statistical tests renders the probability of false positives higher than the p values would imply. The bad news is that it is usually difficult to tell how much higher the probability is. Fortunately, there are enormous opportunities to improve the quality of our science by…
Redefine statistical significance
Algorithm appreciation
Psychology (13 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (7 works) · Cognitive psychology (6 works) · Sociology (6 works) · Epistemology (5 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (5 works) · Economics (4 works) · Political science (4 works)