Golan Shahar
Biographic Data
| ID | 89143 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Golan Shahar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Golan |
| FAMILY NAME | Shahar |
| SIGNATURE | SHAHAR G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Ben-Gurion University of the Negev |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3796-5749 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 85 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 58 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Melanie Klein, Heinz Kohut, and Ronald Fairbairn meet at the grandiose position: Implications for understanding and treating complex psychopathology.
Enhancing the use of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale: The Adaptive and Maladaptive Scores Grid
Integrative Psychotherapy With Physicians In the Trenches: Convergence of Cognitive, Existential, and Psychodynamic Processes
In this article, I present insights gleaned from over a decade of working in therapy with physicians in the trenches who practice at general hospitals located in an area afflicted by the community and political violence, and recently, by the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychotherapy with these physicians requires an integrative psychotherapeutic approach that heeds their changing needs. Espousing cognitive-existential psychodynamics (CEP), a theory-based …
Covid-19 specific anxiety, perceived stress related to missile attacks, and anxiety “episodes”
Findings support an additive pattern, whereby perceived stress from missile attacks contributed to the onset of an anxiety episode over and above the effect of VSA, while VSA predicted the total number of such episodes. Focusing solely on a single, highly salient stressor may hinder clinicians and policymakers' ability to identify the adverse effect of multiple stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
Development as a Multi-Systemic Endeavor: Personal and Professional Reflections on S. J. Blatt’s Philosophy of Development
We offer personal (life-story based) and professional (theoretical, empirical) reflections on Sidney J. Blatt’s philosophy of human development. By philosophy, we mean the very metaphysical assumptions about human nature and its development throughout the life span, which guided Blatt’s seminal contribution to the areas of psychoanalysis, developmental psychology and psychopathology. Of the various assumptions we discuss, we title the most centra…
Continuity of care in suicide prevention: Current status and future directions
Introduction: Continuity of Care (CoC) is central to suicide prevention. The present study aims to review contemporary definitions, operationalization in research, and key components of CoC in the prevention of suicide. Methods: The present study is a narrative review. A thorough search of available literature on CoC and suicidality was conducted. Studies published between 1995 and 2021 were reviewed and selected based on relevance to CoC and sui…
Self-Criticism in the General Population: Development and Psychometric Properties of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire Self-Criticism 4 (DEQ-SC4)
Self-criticism is a stable personality trait identified as a serious risk factor for psychopathology and weight-related health problems. Therefore, it is relevant to epidemiological research, which requires a relatively brief instrument for measuring trait self-criticism in the general population. The current study introduces a brief measure of self-criticism and presents empirical results that inform on its reliability and validity. Based on the…
Anxiety in the face of the first wave of the spread of Covid-19 in Israel: "Psychosocial determinants of a "Panic-to-complacency-continuum
Carlo Strenger: Embracing internal contradictions
Yalom, Strenger, and the psychodynamics of inner freedom: A contribution to existential psychoanalysis
Consequences of Divorce‐Based Father Absence During Childhood for Young Adult Well‐Being and Romantic Relationships
Objective This research explores the implications of father absence due to divorce on young adults' well‐being and romantic relationships. Background Studies have demonstrated the negative implications of father absence, a common consequence of divorce, on children's development. However, previous research has not systematically compared complete versus partial father absence. Method Young adults who, as children, experienced complete ( n = 38) o…
Parents' malevolent personification of mass vaccination solidifies vaccine hesitancy
Parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children derails the success of mass vaccination campaigns. We examined the effect of parents' personification of the vaccinating agency on vaccine hesitancy (i.e. negative or positive mind change) in 555 parents in a mass wild poliovirus vaccination campaign. Parents were assessed before and after the campaign on attitudes toward vaccination and the vaccinating agency ("The Israeli MoH is caring" vs "hysteri…
Self‐criticism, interpersonal conditions, and biosystemic inflammation in suicidal thoughts and behaviors within mood disorders: A bio‐cognitive‐interpersonal hypothesis
We review the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of self‐concept in suicidal behavior in the context of mood disorders (i.e., unipolar depression and bipolar spectrum disorders). The main themes emanating from this review are then juxtaposed against (a) the Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory of Suicide and (b) biological research on the role of inflammatory processes in suicidality. Such a juxtaposition paves the way for a bio‐cogni…
The subjective–agentic personality sector (Saps): Introduction to the special issue on self, identity, and psychopathology
This special issue is predicated upon the premise that there exists a subjective–agentic personality sector (SAPS) that is crucially relevant to the understanding and treatment of psychopathology. SAPS is often overlooked by “trait” models in personality psychology. It is comprised of “hot” cognitions about one's self and identity as they unfold throughout the life span and are brought to bear on interpersonal relationships. There are four ways i…
The Four-Cluster Spectrum of Mind-Body Interrelationships: An Integrative Model
Despite the shift toward a biopsychosocial paradigm of medicine, many physicians and mental health professionals (MHPs) find it difficult to treat patients with psycho-somatic disorders. This situation is particularly troublesome due to the high prevalence of these conditions. Although progress has been made over the last few decades in understanding mechanisms underlying the mind-body relationship, disparities remain between research and its cli…
인지-인본주의적 정신 역동들: Sidney Blatt의 이론적-철학적 업적 (Congnitive-Humanistic Psychodynamics : Sidney Blatt’s Theoretical-Philosophical Legacy)
( 초록 ) 수많은 이론적-철학적 명제들이 Blatt의 광범위하고 탁월한 학문적 업적으로부터 나왔다. 그의 주요 연구 주제들은 (1) 인지, 특히 현실에 대한 마음의 지형도 혹은 표상; (2) 인본주의적인 요소들의 영향 (예컨데, 에이전시, 성장에 대한 열망, 게슈탈트, 균형 욕구 그리고 회복 탄력성); (3) 프로이트가 말한 역동적 무의식에 대한 끝없는 통찰, 이렇게 요약할 수 있을 것이다. 철학적 입장에서, Blatt은 ‘인지-인본주의적 정신역동’이라고 부를만한, 통합적 역량과 추종을 불허하는 업적들을 남겼다
Role of perceived social support in depressive and somatic symptoms experienced by Bedouin Arab and Jewish Israeli undergraduates
Elevated levels of depressive and somatic symptoms have been documented among college students. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the number of Bedouin Arab students studying at institutions of higher education in southern Israel. To date, research on coping and mental health problems among students who are members of this ethnic minority has been limited. This study examined the role of three aspects of perceived social su…
Depressive personality vulnerability in chronic physical pain: Centrality of sociotropy
OBJECTIVE: Chronic physical pain is one of modern medicine's principal challenges. Recently, there has been a keen research interest in the role of depressive personality vulnerability (DPV) in the course of chronic pain. This is the first attempt to examine the role of three leading DPV dimensions-sociotropy, autonomy, and self-criticism-in chronic pain. METHOD: Chronic pain patients (N = 428) were assessed four times as to their pain, disabilit…
The Nature of the Beast: Commentary on “Can There Be a Recovery-Oriented Diagnostic Practice?”
Pavlo, Flanagam, Leither, and Davidson attempt to reconcile the recovery movement in mental health service with a formal diagnostic practice is as courageous as it is timely. Acknowledging this, I note several points of convergence and divergence with the authors’ views. Points of convergence include (1) the inevitability of a diagnostic system when working with (severe) mental illness, (2) the importance of going beyond signs and symptoms in cap…
The heroic self under stress: Prospective effects on anxious mood in Israeli adults exposed to missile attacks
Revisiting the Effects of Societal Threat Perceptions on Conflict-related Positions: A Three-wave Study
Past research has produced convincing evidence for the association between perceived societal threat and political conservatism. Based on the view of political worldviews and threat perceptions as multifaceted constructs, the present study suggests that certain types of perceived threat are actually associated with the endorsement of more politically liberal positions. Employing a three-wave naturalistic design, we examined the unique longitudina…
Undetected scars? Self-criticism, attachment, and romantic relationships among otherwise well-functioning childhood sexual abuse survivors
Findings suggest that CSA may lead to elevated levels of self-criticism, which in turn may be linked with reduced satisfaction in romantic relationships, setting in motion a vicious cycle involving relationship satisfaction and attachment avoidance. (PsycINFO Database Record
Chronic pain under missile attacks: Role of pain catastrophizing, media, and stress-related exposure
Media exposure to acute stress may render chronic pain patients more vulnerable to experiencing pain and depressive symptoms, depending on their use of pain-based catastrophizing. High catastrophizers may attend more to outside threats, amplifying the sensory and affective aspects of pain they experience. Perceived stress also plays a significant role in eliciting depressive symptoms in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record
Sidney Blatt’s Psychoanalytic Legacy: An Introduction
Cognitive-Humanistic Psychodynamics: Sidney Blatt’s Theoretical-Philosophical Legacy
A number of broad-based, theoretical-philosophical tenets are to be gleaned from Sidney Blatt’s voluminous, extensive, and unique scholarly work. Dominant themes in Blatt’s life and work include (1) his fascination with cognition, particularly mental maps, or representations, of reality; (2) the influence of humanistic values (e.g., agency, need for growth, gestalts, need for balance, and an optimistic focus on resilience); and (3) a steadfast ad…
Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational orientation during adolescence: A theorical and empirical integration
The authors examined a theoretical model linking interpersonal relatedness and self-definition (S.J. Blatt, 1974), autonomous and controlled regulation (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985), and negative and positive life events in adolescence (N = 860). They hypothesized that motivational orientation would mediate the effects of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition on life events. Self-criticism, a maladaptive form of self-definition, predict…
Supported socialization for people with psychiatric disabilities: Lessons from a randomized controlled trial
Two hundred and sixty people with psychiatric disabilities who were socially isolated and withdrawn were randomly assigned to one of three conditions to facilitate their engagement in social and recreational activities: They were (a) not matched with a volunteer partner ( N = 70), (b) matched with a volunteer partner who had a personal history of psychiatric disability ( N = 95), or (c) matched with a volunteer partner with no history of psychiat…
Meeting Developmental Challenges During Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Personality and Social Resources
A one-year follow-up study examined the role of developmental challenges, personality (dependency, self-criticism, and personal efficacy), and support systems in adaptation among Israeli emerging adults ( N = 236) participating in a preparatory academic program. Participants were assessed during their enrollment in the preparatory academic program and one year later, after graduation, when their academic success or failure could be determined. Pe…
Psychoanalysis—With Whom, for What, and How? Comparisons With Psychotherapy
If psychoanalytic treatment is to survive in the era of evidence-based medicine and managed care systems, empirical evidence is needed to demonstrate its unique nature and effectiveness. To address this need, comprehensive analyses were conducted of data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (Wallerstein 1986). These analyses addressed three questions: (1) What are the differences in outcome between psychoanalysis (PSA) and supportive…
Professional Feelings as Emotional Labor
Emotional labor is what workers do with their feelings to comply with organizational role requirements. This article explores the concept in professional organizations, examining the psychotherapeutic discourse of objectivity, neutrality, and care as feeling rules. Based on a study in a residential psychiatric facility in Israel, the authors found that counselors labored to display aspired professional feelings despite the absence of memos, proto…
Revisiting the Effects of Societal Threat Perceptions on Conflict-related Positions: A Three-wave Study
Past research has produced convincing evidence for the association between perceived societal threat and political conservatism. Based on the view of political worldviews and threat perceptions as multifaceted constructs, the present study suggests that certain types of perceived threat are actually associated with the endorsement of more politically liberal positions. Employing a three-wave naturalistic design, we examined the unique longitudina…
On becoming a first-time mother after an emergency Caesarean section: A journey from alienation to symbolic adoption
This qualitative research focused on the significance of subjective experience of mothers who gave birth in an emergency Caesarean section . Ten first-time mothers experiencing emergency Caesarean section were interviewed, and their narrative accounts were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method. Mothers described alienation from the infant on encountering her/him; primal difficulties in holding; a 'mechanistic' pattern of childcare at ho…
Cultural Equivalence and Cultural Variance in Longitudinal Associations of Young Adolescent Self-Definition and Interpersonal Relatedness to Psychological and School Adjustment
Parents' malevolent personification of mass vaccination solidifies vaccine hesitancy
Parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children derails the success of mass vaccination campaigns. We examined the effect of parents' personification of the vaccinating agency on vaccine hesitancy (i.e. negative or positive mind change) in 555 parents in a mass wild poliovirus vaccination campaign. Parents were assessed before and after the campaign on attitudes toward vaccination and the vaccinating agency ("The Israeli MoH is caring" vs "hysteri…
The Nature of the Beast: Commentary on “Can There Be a Recovery-Oriented Diagnostic Practice?”
Pavlo, Flanagam, Leither, and Davidson attempt to reconcile the recovery movement in mental health service with a formal diagnostic practice is as courageous as it is timely. Acknowledging this, I note several points of convergence and divergence with the authors’ views. Points of convergence include (1) the inevitability of a diagnostic system when working with (severe) mental illness, (2) the importance of going beyond signs and symptoms in cap…
The heroic self under stress: Prospective effects on anxious mood in Israeli adults exposed to missile attacks
Role of severe psychopathology in sleep-related experiences: A pilot study
Israeli Adolescents Exposed to Community and Terror Violence: The Protective Role of Social Support
This study investigates how social support may protect Israeli early adolescents who have witnessed community violence from engaging in violent behavior when they have also witnessed terror violence. The study examines how support from parents, school, and friends could serve as protective, despite the interactive risk effects of witnessing community and terror violence. In general, results indicate that support from parents operated as a protect…
Anxiety in the face of the first wave of the spread of Covid-19 in Israel: "Psychosocial determinants of a "Panic-to-complacency-continuum
Sidney Blatt’s Psychoanalytic Legacy: An Introduction
Cognitive-Humanistic Psychodynamics: Sidney Blatt’s Theoretical-Philosophical Legacy
A number of broad-based, theoretical-philosophical tenets are to be gleaned from Sidney Blatt’s voluminous, extensive, and unique scholarly work. Dominant themes in Blatt’s life and work include (1) his fascination with cognition, particularly mental maps, or representations, of reality; (2) the influence of humanistic values (e.g., agency, need for growth, gestalts, need for balance, and an optimistic focus on resilience); and (3) a steadfast ad…
Symptoms of Depression in Israeli Adolescents Following a Suicide Bombing: The Role of Gender
This report investigated the potential role of gender in moderating the effects of terror attack exposure on depression symptoms in middle school students from Dimona, Israel ( N = 90). Specifically, the effects of three aspects of terror attacks were investigated: physical exposure, relational exposure, and media exposure. Ninety early adolescents were assessed for terror exposure and depression before and after a suicide bombing in a town marke…
Troubled youth in transition: An evaluation of Connecticut's special services for individuals aging out of adolescent mental health programs
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Therapeutic Collaboration Scale (TCS)
The development of appropriately normed Spanish-language assessments is a necessity as a result of (1) a growing Latino population in need of behavioral health services and (2) a limited number of linguistically and culturally sensitive instruments that are currently available. As part of a broader assessment on the needs and satisfaction with services received, 103 Latina women completed the Therapeutic Collaboration Scale (TCS). This measure at…
Maternal Personality and Distress as Predictors of Child Neglect
Professional Feelings as Emotional Labor
Emotional labor is what workers do with their feelings to comply with organizational role requirements. This article explores the concept in professional organizations, examining the psychotherapeutic discourse of objectivity, neutrality, and care as feeling rules. Based on a study in a residential psychiatric facility in Israel, the authors found that counselors labored to display aspired professional feelings despite the absence of memos, proto…
Maternal Personality and Distress as Predictors of Child Neglect
To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits
We examine the controversial practice of using parcels of items as manifest variables in structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures. After detailing arguments pro and con, we conclude that the unconsidered use of parcels is never warranted, while, at the same time, the considered use of parcels cannot be dismissed out of hand. In large part, the decision to parcel or not depends on one's philosophical stance regarding scientific inquiry (e.g.,…
Mixed anaclitic-introjective psychopathology in treatment-resistant inpatients undergoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Utilizing data from the Riggs-Yale Project, 45 male and 45 female 18–29-year-old treatment-resistant inpatients undergoing intensive psychoanalytically ori-ented treatment were studied. Twenty-seven mixed-type anaclitic–introjectiveinpatients were compared with 29 “pure” anaclitic and 34 “pure” introjectiveinpatients. At intake, mixed-type inpatients were more clinically impaired (i.e.,were more symptomatic, cognitively impaired, and thought diso…
Interpersonal relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational orientation during adolescence: A theorical and empirical integration
The authors examined a theoretical model linking interpersonal relatedness and self-definition (S.J. Blatt, 1974), autonomous and controlled regulation (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985), and negative and positive life events in adolescence (N = 860). They hypothesized that motivational orientation would mediate the effects of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition on life events. Self-criticism, a maladaptive form of self-definition, predict…
Supported socialization for people with psychiatric disabilities: Lessons from a randomized controlled trial
Two hundred and sixty people with psychiatric disabilities who were socially isolated and withdrawn were randomly assigned to one of three conditions to facilitate their engagement in social and recreational activities: They were (a) not matched with a volunteer partner ( N = 70), (b) matched with a volunteer partner who had a personal history of psychiatric disability ( N = 95), or (c) matched with a volunteer partner with no history of psychiat…
Cultural Equivalence and Cultural Variance in Longitudinal Associations of Young Adolescent Self-Definition and Interpersonal Relatedness to Psychological and School Adjustment
The person in recovery from acute and severe psychosis: The role of dependency, self-criticism, and efficacy
The role of 3 personality dimensions (i.e., dependency, self-criticism, and efficacy) in recovery from an acute and severe psychosis was examined. Conceptualizing psychosis as involving difficulties in establishing psychological boundaries, the authors hypothesized that dependency has a greater disruptive effect on recovery than self-criticism. Results of a reanalysis of longitudinal data (N = 76) of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders d…
Psychoanalysis—With Whom, for What, and How? Comparisons With Psychotherapy
If psychoanalytic treatment is to survive in the era of evidence-based medicine and managed care systems, empirical evidence is needed to demonstrate its unique nature and effectiveness. To address this need, comprehensive analyses were conducted of data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (Wallerstein 1986). These analyses addressed three questions: (1) What are the differences in outcome between psychoanalysis (PSA) and supportive…
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Therapeutic Collaboration Scale (TCS)
The development of appropriately normed Spanish-language assessments is a necessity as a result of (1) a growing Latino population in need of behavioral health services and (2) a limited number of linguistically and culturally sensitive instruments that are currently available. As part of a broader assessment on the needs and satisfaction with services received, 103 Latina women completed the Therapeutic Collaboration Scale (TCS). This measure at…
Blatt and Shahar Reply
Preschool and Child Care Expulsion and Suspension: Rates and Predictors in One State
Rates and predictors of preschool expulsion and suspension were examined in a randomly selected sample of Massachusetts preschool teachers (N = 119). During a 12-month period, 39% of teachers reported expelling at least one child, and 15% reported suspending. The preschool expulsion rate was 27.42 per 1000 enrollees, more than 34 times the Massachusetts K-12 rate and more than 13 times the national K-12 rate. Suspension rates for preschoolers wer…
Preliminary Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Therapeutic Alliance with Clinician (TAC) Questionnaire
Troubled youth in transition: An evaluation of Connecticut's special services for individuals aging out of adolescent mental health programs
Cognitive mechanisms underlying implicit negative self concept in dysphoria
Whereas explicit measures of the self-concept typically demonstrate a negative bias in depressed individuals, implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), revealed an opposite, positive bias. To address this inconsistent pattern, the authors examined, using a novel paradigm, mental set maintenance (i.e., the difficulty of maintaining active a required mental set) and set operation (the efficiency of executing the mental set whil…
I used to dream of lupus as some sort of creature: Chronic illness as an internal object
This study examines the place occupied by chronic illness in the inner lives of 15 women suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). A phenomenological analysis of illness narratives demonstrates that sufferers construe their illness as a protagonist or, using an object-relations informed perspective, as an internal object. That is, with time sufferers constituted a mental representation of SLE that in itself has the power to influence the…
Resilience in homeless youth: The key role of self-esteem
This study examined the protective role of self-esteem, social involvement, and secure attachment among homeless youths. These protective factors were examined as they ameliorate risks among 208 homeless youths surveyed in New York City and Toronto. Both mental and physical health indicators were employed in this study, including loneliness, feeling trapped, suicidal ideation, subjective health status, and substance use. Self-esteem emerged as a …
What are sleep-related experiences? Associations with transliminality, psychological distress, and life stress
Meeting Developmental Challenges During Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Personality and Social Resources
A one-year follow-up study examined the role of developmental challenges, personality (dependency, self-criticism, and personal efficacy), and support systems in adaptation among Israeli emerging adults ( N = 236) participating in a preparatory academic program. Participants were assessed during their enrollment in the preparatory academic program and one year later, after graduation, when their academic success or failure could be determined. Pe…
On becoming a first-time mother after an emergency Caesarean section: A journey from alienation to symbolic adoption
This qualitative research focused on the significance of subjective experience of mothers who gave birth in an emergency Caesarean section . Ten first-time mothers experiencing emergency Caesarean section were interviewed, and their narrative accounts were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method. Mothers described alienation from the infant on encountering her/him; primal difficulties in holding; a 'mechanistic' pattern of childcare at ho…
Do Depressive Symptoms Erode Self-esteem in Early Adolescence
We hypothesized that in early—but not mid or late—adolescence, self-esteem is malleable (i.e., rank-order instable) and is particularly susceptible to the effect of depressive symptoms. Results of a latent variable, cross-lagged, structural equation modeling analysis of data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; N = 4520) were consistent with the two hypotheses. Findings highlight the need t…
Israeli Adolescents Exposed to Community and Terror Violence: The Protective Role of Social Support
This study investigates how social support may protect Israeli early adolescents who have witnessed community violence from engaging in violent behavior when they have also witnessed terror violence. The study examines how support from parents, school, and friends could serve as protective, despite the interactive risk effects of witnessing community and terror violence. In general, results indicate that support from parents operated as a protect…
An indirect measure of negative self reference interacts with academic failure to predict continuing depressive symptomatology
Defensive Projection, Superimposed On Simplistic Object Relations, Erodes Patient-Provider Relationships in High-Risk Pregnancy: An Empirical Investigation
In an attempt to illustrate the relevance of psychoanalytic theory and research to behavior medicine, an empirical investigation was conducted of females treated at a high-risk pregnancy specialty clinic (N = 58). Drawing from psychoanalytic object relations theory, it was hypothesized and confirmed that use of projection as a defense mechanism during pregnancy, superimposed on simplistic object relations, predicted an erosion of patient-provider…
Symptoms of Depression in Israeli Adolescents Following a Suicide Bombing: The Role of Gender
This report investigated the potential role of gender in moderating the effects of terror attack exposure on depression symptoms in middle school students from Dimona, Israel ( N = 90). Specifically, the effects of three aspects of terror attacks were investigated: physical exposure, relational exposure, and media exposure. Ninety early adolescents were assessed for terror exposure and depression before and after a suicide bombing in a town marke…
Psychology (54 works) · Clinical Psychology (29 works) · Psychiatry (27 works) · Medicine (22 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Developmental psychology (21 works) · Psychotherapist (21 works) · Anxiety (13 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (12 works) · Clinical Psychology (11 works)