Paul Sparks
Biographic Data
| ID | 90199 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Paul Sparks |
| GIVEN NAMES | Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Sparks |
| SIGNATURE | SPARKS P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Sussex |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9541-3366 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 160 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Embodied Carbon Assessment of Signage Systems in Urban Environments: Case Studies from Australia
Signage systems are an integral part of modern urban environments, and they influence both city aesthetics and information flow. But their growing use also adds to the embodied carbon footprint of urban infrastructure, a factor that is often overlooked in sustainable city planning. The present study investigates the environmental impact of signage within the context of urban development and climate-responsive design using two Australian case stud…
Use of Generative AI in Academia: Collaborative Autoethnographic Perspectives from NNES and NES Scholars
The advancement of Generative AI (GenAI) has shaped the ways people learn, teach, and perform research in the field of academia. However, there is a lack of studies that explore how GenAI makes differences on both Native English Speaking (NES) and Non-Native English-Speaking (NNES) scholars' academic work and experiences. This study aims to examine the experiences and perceptions of two Asian NNES Ph.D. students and two American NES professors re…
Developing an mHealth program to improve HIV care continuum outcomes among young Black gay and bisexual men
This study demonstrates the potential of a video-based mHealth program to address the unique needs of YBGBM living with HIV, offering support and comprehensive information through a user-friendly interface and videos of peers living with HIV and of experts. The HCD approach allowed for continuous improvements to the concept to maximize cultural appropriateness, utility, and potential effectiveness for both YBGBM and HIV service organizations
Proscriptive Injunctions Can Elicit Greater Reactance and Lower Legitimacy Perceptions Than Prescriptive Injunctions
Based on previous research investigating proscriptive injunctions (requesting that one should not do something) versus prescriptive injunctions (requesting that one should do something), we propose that proscription leads to greater reactance than does prescription for a range of actions, and that this effect is associated with lower perceived legitimacy of the injunction. Across five experimental studies, our student and general population sampl…
Beyond “altruism motivates body donation”
Altruism is consistently identified as the dominant motive for body donation. Over 12 months, 843 people who requested body donation information packs also completed research questionnaires that included open-ended questions about their motives. Abductive analysis suggested two distinct sets of altruistic motives: those seeking benefits for medical professionals and patient groups (" medical altruism ") and those seeking benefits for friends and …
The effect of self‐identity alongside perceived importance within the theory of planned behaviour
Self‐identity often predicts behavioural intentions after standard theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) components are accounted for. However, it has been claimed this is due to conceptual similarity between self‐identity and perceived importance of the behaviour. We examined this claim within the context of recycling food waste. Participants ( N = 113) completed questionnaires assessing intentions, attitude, perceived behavioural control, perceiv…
Moderating effects of pro-environmental self-identity on pro-environmental intentions and behaviour: A multi-behaviour study
Neither Fair nor Unchangeable But Part of the Natural Order: Orientations Towards Inequality in the Face of Criticism of the Economic System
The magnitude of climate change threats to life on the planet is not matched by the level of current mitigation strategies. To contribute to our understanding of inaction in the face of climate change, the reported study draws upon the pro status quo motivations encapsulated within System Justification Theory. In an online questionnaire study, participants (N = 136) initially completed a measure of General System Justification. Participants in a …
Predicting household food waste reduction using an extended theory of planned behaviour
Identifying motivations and barriers to minimising household food waste
Promoting or Jeopardizing Lighter Carbon Footprints? Self-Affirmation Can Polarize Environmental Orientations
Research has shown that self-affirmation often leads to more adaptive responses to messages that focus on behavior-specific, individual threats. However, little is known about the effects of self-affirmation in the context of an ongoing collective threat, such as climate change. In the study reported here ( N = 90), the authors examined whether self-affirmation might polarize orientations toward environment-related actions when people rely on the…
Highlighting Relatedness Promotes Prosocial Motives and Behavior
According to self-determination theory, people have three basic psychological needs: relatedness, competence, and autonomy. Of these, the authors reasoned that relatedness need satisfaction is particularly important for promoting prosocial behavior because of the increased sense of connectedness to others that this engenders. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated relatedness, autonomy, competence, or gave participants a neutral task, and found…
Investigating Environmental Identity, Well-Being, and Meaning
The present article is concerned with the relationships between the natural environment and identity, emotional well-being, and meaning. In a sample of university students, it was hypothesized that frequency of experience of the natural environment and the degree of meaning obtained from such experience would positively predict both well-being and environmental identity. Both hypotheses were partly supported. It was also hypothesized that partici…
Engaging with the natural environment: The role of affective connection and identity
Threats to autonomy: Motivational responses to risk information
Two studies considered the role of autonomy in people's motivational response to health‐risk information. In Study 1, ‘non‐smoker’ participants ( N = 59) completed a measure of autonomy and read either health‐risk information about smoking or neutral information. Those who read the health‐risk information reported less autonomous motivation for not smoking than did those who read the neutral information. However, level of autonomy moderated this …
Ambivalence and Attitudes
This chapter explores the concept of ambivalence and its relationship to attitudes. Definitions and different measures of ambivalence are reviewed. We present three dimensions on which measures of ambivalence can be classified. We then go on to examine some of the elicitors of ambivalence and present some preliminary findings on attitude objects that generate high levels of ambivalence. The major section of the chapter then reviews findings relat…
Moderator effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attitude–behaviour relationships
Attitudinal ambivalence is generally construed as existing when the same attitude object is evaluated simultaneously as both positive and negative. The present research examined the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence (as assessed by split‐semantic differential measure) on the relationship between bipolar semantic differential measures of attitude and subsequent behaviour using moderated regression analysis. In Study 1, higher levels of at…
Mandolin
Guitar
Subjective Expected Utility-Based Attitude-Behavior Models: The Utility of Self-Identity
This chapter focuses on the potential role of self-identity in the structure of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior, perhaps the best known examples of subjective expected utility-based (SEU) attitudebehavior models. It addresses a number of potential lines of investigation that may assist in understanding a potential role for self-identity in attitudebehavior models of the kind. Within behavioral decision theory and …
Guitar Performance in the Nineteenth Centuries and Twentieth Centuries
Sparks discusses the various problems and conventions in guitar Performance through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
The Mandolin: Its Structure and Performance (Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries)
RILM: "A history of the instrument, with information about the construction and repertoire, and particular reference to performance techniques. The derivation of the term "mandolin" is discussed, as are the differences between the mandolino and the Neapolitan mandolin."
Perceived behavioural control, unrealistic optimism and dietary change: An exploratory study
Public Perceptions of the Potential Hazards Associated with Food Production and Food Consumption: An Empirical Study
Although public perceptions of food-related hazards receive much media comment and debate, the research literature on such perceptions is sparse and piecemeal. In the reported study, 216 people completed a questionnaire relating to their perceptions of the "risk characteristics" of potential hazards associated with various aspects of food production and food consumption. Responses were examined via principal-components analysis to obtain a struct…
Gene technology, food production, and public opinion: A UK study
Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behavior: "Assesing the Role of Identification with "Green Consumerism
Paul Sparks, Richard Shepherd, Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Assesing the Role of Identification with "Green Consumerism", Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 388-399
Gene technology, food production, and public opinion: A UK study
An investigation into the relationship between perceived control, attitude variability and the consumption of two common foods
The study reported here takes its lead from the literatures which emphasize the importance of attitude variability and the role of perceived control over action. Within‐person variability and perceptions of control are investigated in the context of people's attitudes towards the consumption of two common foods. The role of attitude ambivalence is also examined. The findings indicate that higher attitude variability is associated with weaker rela…
Perceived behavioural control, unrealistic optimism and dietary change: An exploratory study
Moderator effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attitude–behaviour relationships
Attitudinal ambivalence is generally construed as existing when the same attitude object is evaluated simultaneously as both positive and negative. The present research examined the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence (as assessed by split‐semantic differential measure) on the relationship between bipolar semantic differential measures of attitude and subsequent behaviour using moderated regression analysis. In Study 1, higher levels of at…
Moral reasoning and political orientation: The context sensitivity of individual rights and democratic principles
Expectancy‐value models of attitudes: A note on the relationship between theory and methodology
Concern has been expressed in the literature regarding the method of scoring ‘beliefs’ within expectancy‐value models of attitudes. This paper reviews the major issues and focuses upon some hitherto largely neglected problems with scoring methods. Empirical findings from a series of studies concerned with ‘the theory of reasoned action’ are examined: with a multiplicative Combination of beliefs and evaluations, it is found that bipolar scoring of…
Threats to autonomy: Motivational responses to risk information
Two studies considered the role of autonomy in people's motivational response to health‐risk information. In Study 1, ‘non‐smoker’ participants ( N = 59) completed a measure of autonomy and read either health‐risk information about smoking or neutral information. Those who read the health‐risk information reported less autonomous motivation for not smoking than did those who read the neutral information. However, level of autonomy moderated this …
Attitudes, Obligations and Perceived Control: Predicting Milk Selection
The effect of self‐identity alongside perceived importance within the theory of planned behaviour
Self‐identity often predicts behavioural intentions after standard theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ) components are accounted for. However, it has been claimed this is due to conceptual similarity between self‐identity and perceived importance of the behaviour. We examined this claim within the context of recycling food waste. Participants ( N = 113) completed questionnaires assessing intentions, attitude, perceived behavioural control, perceiv…
Moral reasoning and political orientation: The context sensitivity of individual rights and democratic principles
Expectancy‐value models of attitudes: A note on the relationship between theory and methodology
Concern has been expressed in the literature regarding the method of scoring ‘beliefs’ within expectancy‐value models of attitudes. This paper reviews the major issues and focuses upon some hitherto largely neglected problems with scoring methods. Empirical findings from a series of studies concerned with ‘the theory of reasoned action’ are examined: with a multiplicative Combination of beliefs and evaluations, it is found that bipolar scoring of…
Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behavior: "Assesing the Role of Identification with "Green Consumerism
Paul Sparks, Richard Shepherd, Self-Identity and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Assesing the Role of Identification with "Green Consumerism", Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 388-399
An investigation into the relationship between perceived control, attitude variability and the consumption of two common foods
The study reported here takes its lead from the literatures which emphasize the importance of attitude variability and the role of perceived control over action. Within‐person variability and perceptions of control are investigated in the context of people's attitudes towards the consumption of two common foods. The role of attitude ambivalence is also examined. The findings indicate that higher attitude variability is associated with weaker rela…
Explaining Choice and Choosing Explanations: Comments on Social Dimensions of Food Attitudes and Choice
Attitudes, Obligations and Perceived Control: Predicting Milk Selection
Public Perceptions of the Potential Hazards Associated with Food Production and Food Consumption: An Empirical Study
Although public perceptions of food-related hazards receive much media comment and debate, the research literature on such perceptions is sparse and piecemeal. In the reported study, 216 people completed a questionnaire relating to their perceptions of the "risk characteristics" of potential hazards associated with various aspects of food production and food consumption. Responses were examined via principal-components analysis to obtain a struct…
Gene technology, food production, and public opinion: A UK study
Perceived behavioural control, unrealistic optimism and dietary change: An exploratory study
The Mandolin: Its Structure and Performance (Sixteenth to Twentieth Centuries)
RILM: "A history of the instrument, with information about the construction and repertoire, and particular reference to performance techniques. The derivation of the term "mandolin" is discussed, as are the differences between the mandolino and the Neapolitan mandolin."
Guitar Performance in the Nineteenth Centuries and Twentieth Centuries
Sparks discusses the various problems and conventions in guitar Performance through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Subjective Expected Utility-Based Attitude-Behavior Models: The Utility of Self-Identity
This chapter focuses on the potential role of self-identity in the structure of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior, perhaps the best known examples of subjective expected utility-based (SEU) attitudebehavior models. It addresses a number of potential lines of investigation that may assist in understanding a potential role for self-identity in attitudebehavior models of the kind. Within behavioral decision theory and …
Mandolin
Guitar
Ambivalence and Attitudes
This chapter explores the concept of ambivalence and its relationship to attitudes. Definitions and different measures of ambivalence are reviewed. We present three dimensions on which measures of ambivalence can be classified. We then go on to examine some of the elicitors of ambivalence and present some preliminary findings on attitude objects that generate high levels of ambivalence. The major section of the chapter then reviews findings relat…
Moderator effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attitude–behaviour relationships
Attitudinal ambivalence is generally construed as existing when the same attitude object is evaluated simultaneously as both positive and negative. The present research examined the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence (as assessed by split‐semantic differential measure) on the relationship between bipolar semantic differential measures of attitude and subsequent behaviour using moderated regression analysis. In Study 1, higher levels of at…
Engaging with the natural environment: The role of affective connection and identity
Threats to autonomy: Motivational responses to risk information
Two studies considered the role of autonomy in people's motivational response to health‐risk information. In Study 1, ‘non‐smoker’ participants ( N = 59) completed a measure of autonomy and read either health‐risk information about smoking or neutral information. Those who read the health‐risk information reported less autonomous motivation for not smoking than did those who read the neutral information. However, level of autonomy moderated this …
Investigating Environmental Identity, Well-Being, and Meaning
The present article is concerned with the relationships between the natural environment and identity, emotional well-being, and meaning. In a sample of university students, it was hypothesized that frequency of experience of the natural environment and the degree of meaning obtained from such experience would positively predict both well-being and environmental identity. Both hypotheses were partly supported. It was also hypothesized that partici…
Highlighting Relatedness Promotes Prosocial Motives and Behavior
According to self-determination theory, people have three basic psychological needs: relatedness, competence, and autonomy. Of these, the authors reasoned that relatedness need satisfaction is particularly important for promoting prosocial behavior because of the increased sense of connectedness to others that this engenders. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated relatedness, autonomy, competence, or gave participants a neutral task, and found…
Promoting or Jeopardizing Lighter Carbon Footprints? Self-Affirmation Can Polarize Environmental Orientations
Research has shown that self-affirmation often leads to more adaptive responses to messages that focus on behavior-specific, individual threats. However, little is known about the effects of self-affirmation in the context of an ongoing collective threat, such as climate change. In the study reported here ( N = 90), the authors examined whether self-affirmation might polarize orientations toward environment-related actions when people rely on the…
Identifying motivations and barriers to minimising household food waste
Predicting household food waste reduction using an extended theory of planned behaviour
Neither Fair nor Unchangeable But Part of the Natural Order: Orientations Towards Inequality in the Face of Criticism of the Economic System
The magnitude of climate change threats to life on the planet is not matched by the level of current mitigation strategies. To contribute to our understanding of inaction in the face of climate change, the reported study draws upon the pro status quo motivations encapsulated within System Justification Theory. In an online questionnaire study, participants (N = 136) initially completed a measure of General System Justification. Participants in a …
Moderating effects of pro-environmental self-identity on pro-environmental intentions and behaviour: A multi-behaviour study
Psychology (23 works) · Social Psychology (21 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (10 works) · Environmental Education and Sustainability (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Control (management) (5 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (5 works) · Perception (5 works)