Andrey V Belyakov
Biographic Data
| ID | 910673 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Andrey V Belyakov |
| GIVEN NAMES | Andrey V |
| FAMILY NAME | Belyakov |
| SIGNATURE | BELYAKOV A V |
| AFFILIATIONS | Russian Academy of Sciences |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8588-9192 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 18 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
What is a Sovereign Seal
The author attempts to define what a state/sovereign seal was in the Russian state of the 15th and early 18th centuries, as well as to classify all the currently known seals that fall under this definition. It is concluded that it is impossible to provide a comprehensive definition of state seals or to strictly classify them. Each time, a whole set of features and exceptions must be taken into account. The article also provides an experience of p…
Once Again on the Kazan Coat of Arms
Purpose of the study: To analyze the physical monuments depicting dragons that had not previously been considered in the context of the origin of the coat of arms of Kazan and the formation of the state symbols of the Russian Empire. Research materials: These include Russian coins, private seals, stove tiles, military banners, and 15th–17th century bas-reliefs depicting dragons. Results and scientific novelty: The attraction of new physical monum…
Edige’s descendants in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries
Purpose of the study: Recently, much fruitful work has been done to identify and study the Nogai component in the structure of the highest stratum of service people of the Russian state in the 16th–17th centuries. In particular, a list of clans was established, these having every reason to consider themselves Edigeevichs – the descendants of the Golden Horde backlerbek, Edige. In the presented work, an attempt is made to clarify the features of t…
An overview of the activities of the Moscow Discussion Club of the International Public Organization “Association of Golden Horde Researchers” in 2023–2025
This article is devoted to an overview of the activities of the Moscow Discussion Club of the International Public Organization “Association of Golden Horde Researchers” in 2023–2025 and contains an analysis of its activities. Not only the topics of the speeches are considered, but also a summary is provided of the reports and presentations that took place under the auspices of the Moscow discussion club in face-to-face and remote format. The con…
The Time of the Appearance of the Double-Headed Eagle on Sovereign Seals
For over a hundred years, there have been debates in historiography about the origins of the Russian double-headed eagle. Specifically, there has been much discussion about whether the eagle is of Byzantine or imperial origin, as well as the time of its appearance as a symbol of statehood on seals. To solve these problems, researchers analysed ambassadorial books (primarily on relations with the Empire) and looked for analogies in certain works o…
Сценарии интеграции выходцев с Востока в России XV-XVII вв
Русское государство весь период своего существования было открыто для выходцев с Востока, как для знати, так и для рядовых представителей этого социума. При этом оно так выстраивало свои отношения с ними, что подобные лица всегда успешно инкорпорировались в новое общество. В статье рассматриваются различные сценарии интеграции. При этом основной упор делается на представителей знати — татарских царей и царевичей, а также представителей родоплемен…
On the tradition of using hanging metal seals in the offices of the Golden Horde and Post-Horde States
Research objectives: Following M.A. Usmanov stated claim that hanging seals were not at all used in the Horde offices, this became an indisputable fact. However, D. Kolodzeichik proved the existence of golden hanging seals, which were officially called altunbaisa, on Crimean charters of the 17th century. He suggested that this innovation was introduced into the office of the Gireys. Recent studies allow us to speak confidently about the widesprea…
Scenarios for the Integration of Immigrants from the East in Russia in the 15th — 17th Centuries
The Russian state throughout the entire period of its existence was open to immigrants from the East, both for the nobility and for ordinary people from this society. At the same time, it always built its relations with them in such a way that such persons were always successfully incorporated into the new society. The article discusses various integration scenarios. In this case, the main emphasis is on representatives of the nobility — Tatar ki…
On the status of the Nogai Horde in the system of post-Horde states
Research objectives: To establish the degree of equivalence for the status of the Nogai Horde in comparison with the Tatar khanates that arose after the collapse of the Golden Horde. Research materials: Russian-Nogai embassy books and documents about those living in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries, writings pertaining to noble people from the East. Results and scientific novelty of the study: The Nogai Horde, until the last third of the 16th ce…
Muslim Employees of Posolskij Prikaz
Due to the necessity for continuous contacts between the Russian principalities, the Golden Horde khans, and the khan’s administration, in the 13th century specific structures designed to serve them were created. They partly survived even after the Moscow principality gained independence and were engaged in organizing diplomatic missions with neighboring states. The most stable element of these services were the Tatar servicemen of the Grand Prin…
Gifts to the Pokrovsky Monastery in Suzdal (In the Footsteps of a Ring of Maria Temryukovna)
Introduction. It is not always possible to trace the fate of certain museum exhibits from documents. Methods and materials. This work examines the history of movement in various collections of a gold ring with the seal of the second wife of Tsar Ivan IV, Maria Temryukovna. Analysis. After the tsarina’s death, it was deposited in the Pokrovsky Suzdal monastery for the memorial of her soul. For two centuries this monastery served as a place where f…
The Bykasov Family in the Context of Political Investigation (Siberia, Late 16th Century)
This study of “words and deeds” as a type of crime began over a hundred years ago. This well-known formula proceeded from the public obligation of the population to protect the sovereign and their family from any evil intentions. This phenomenon began to develop on Russian soil as early as the mid-fifteenth century and is present in a wide range of documents: secured or affirmed deeds; the sovereign’s grants to Siberian foreigners; letters of com…
Origins of a Granted Word to the Peoples of Siberia
The article studies the practice of announcing the Granted Word on behalf of the Moscow sovereign to the peoples of Siberia, implemented in the late 16 th – early 17 th century. It concludes that in fact such practice arose twice – in 1599 and 1623. For the first time muscovites used the Granted Word as an element of policy intended to strengthen the position of the new ruling dynasty. The reasons behind its revival after the period of oblivion a…
Diplomas with the Golden Bulla, History and Area of Distribution
Research objectives: To summarize and analyze all known evidence of the Moscow sovereigns awarding granted charters with a gold (usually gilded silver) seal in the sixteenth century. Research materials: Documents of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, as well as evidence found in the Russian chronicles. Results and novelty of the research: It is established here that such granted charters were issued to the regions recently annexed to the Moscow state or t…
Service Tatars in the Diplomatic Service of the Muscovite State
Very little is known about diplomatic professionals specialising in eastern affairs in the Muscovite state until the seventeenth century. The issue has only occasionally been touched upon in some research works. This is explained by the limited number of surviving sources. For this reason, the Baymakov-Rezanov family is unique, as the extant data make it possible to trace the uninterrupted service of this clan’s representatives over the course of…
Baksheys
The given article covers the term “bakshey” as it existed on the territory of Russia. The term was borrowed by Russians from the Golden Horde. However, later its meaning was transformed. The first records of this word on the Russian territory date back to XV century, in most cases as a generic by-name (e.g., bakshey’s son). Still it is supposed to have appeared not earlier then XIV century. Apparently, initially this was a title for Prince’s Chan…
The Sheydyakov Princes and Mirzas in Russia from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century
Research objectives: To summarize all currently known information about the Sheydyakov mirzas / princes in Russia. Research materials: Archival materials from the funds of the Posolsky, Razryadny, Pomestny offices, the Chancellery of the Moscow Razryadny and Senate archives; information on genealogies and supplementary monastic books as well as Russian necropolises. Results and novelty of the research: The author confirmed the previous assumption…
Siberian Sherts of the 16th Century
The article focuses on the critical analysis of sources of the late 16th century – “shert’” letters, that were discovered by the author in the Russian archive of ancient acts. The author discusses the origins of these documents and the circumstances of their discovery in the Archive’s funds. The first discovered source is the shert’ of Khan Kuchum given to Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1571/72. Although this document was known in the first half of th…
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The Sheydyakov Princes and Mirzas in Russia from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century
Research objectives: To summarize all currently known information about the Sheydyakov mirzas / princes in Russia. Research materials: Archival materials from the funds of the Posolsky, Razryadny, Pomestny offices, the Chancellery of the Moscow Razryadny and Senate archives; information on genealogies and supplementary monastic books as well as Russian necropolises. Results and novelty of the research: The author confirmed the previous assumption…
Siberian Sherts of the 16th Century
The article focuses on the critical analysis of sources of the late 16th century – “shert’” letters, that were discovered by the author in the Russian archive of ancient acts. The author discusses the origins of these documents and the circumstances of their discovery in the Archive’s funds. The first discovered source is the shert’ of Khan Kuchum given to Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1571/72. Although this document was known in the first half of th…
Service Tatars in the Diplomatic Service of the Muscovite State
Very little is known about diplomatic professionals specialising in eastern affairs in the Muscovite state until the seventeenth century. The issue has only occasionally been touched upon in some research works. This is explained by the limited number of surviving sources. For this reason, the Baymakov-Rezanov family is unique, as the extant data make it possible to trace the uninterrupted service of this clan’s representatives over the course of…
Baksheys
The given article covers the term “bakshey” as it existed on the territory of Russia. The term was borrowed by Russians from the Golden Horde. However, later its meaning was transformed. The first records of this word on the Russian territory date back to XV century, in most cases as a generic by-name (e.g., bakshey’s son). Still it is supposed to have appeared not earlier then XIV century. Apparently, initially this was a title for Prince’s Chan…
Diplomas with the Golden Bulla, History and Area of Distribution
Research objectives: To summarize and analyze all known evidence of the Moscow sovereigns awarding granted charters with a gold (usually gilded silver) seal in the sixteenth century. Research materials: Documents of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, as well as evidence found in the Russian chronicles. Results and novelty of the research: It is established here that such granted charters were issued to the regions recently annexed to the Moscow state or t…
On the status of the Nogai Horde in the system of post-Horde states
Research objectives: To establish the degree of equivalence for the status of the Nogai Horde in comparison with the Tatar khanates that arose after the collapse of the Golden Horde. Research materials: Russian-Nogai embassy books and documents about those living in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries, writings pertaining to noble people from the East. Results and scientific novelty of the study: The Nogai Horde, until the last third of the 16th ce…
Muslim Employees of Posolskij Prikaz
Due to the necessity for continuous contacts between the Russian principalities, the Golden Horde khans, and the khan’s administration, in the 13th century specific structures designed to serve them were created. They partly survived even after the Moscow principality gained independence and were engaged in organizing diplomatic missions with neighboring states. The most stable element of these services were the Tatar servicemen of the Grand Prin…
Gifts to the Pokrovsky Monastery in Suzdal (In the Footsteps of a Ring of Maria Temryukovna)
Introduction. It is not always possible to trace the fate of certain museum exhibits from documents. Methods and materials. This work examines the history of movement in various collections of a gold ring with the seal of the second wife of Tsar Ivan IV, Maria Temryukovna. Analysis. After the tsarina’s death, it was deposited in the Pokrovsky Suzdal monastery for the memorial of her soul. For two centuries this monastery served as a place where f…
The Bykasov Family in the Context of Political Investigation (Siberia, Late 16th Century)
This study of “words and deeds” as a type of crime began over a hundred years ago. This well-known formula proceeded from the public obligation of the population to protect the sovereign and their family from any evil intentions. This phenomenon began to develop on Russian soil as early as the mid-fifteenth century and is present in a wide range of documents: secured or affirmed deeds; the sovereign’s grants to Siberian foreigners; letters of com…
Origins of a Granted Word to the Peoples of Siberia
The article studies the practice of announcing the Granted Word on behalf of the Moscow sovereign to the peoples of Siberia, implemented in the late 16 th – early 17 th century. It concludes that in fact such practice arose twice – in 1599 and 1623. For the first time muscovites used the Granted Word as an element of policy intended to strengthen the position of the new ruling dynasty. The reasons behind its revival after the period of oblivion a…
Сценарии интеграции выходцев с Востока в России XV-XVII вв
Русское государство весь период своего существования было открыто для выходцев с Востока, как для знати, так и для рядовых представителей этого социума. При этом оно так выстраивало свои отношения с ними, что подобные лица всегда успешно инкорпорировались в новое общество. В статье рассматриваются различные сценарии интеграции. При этом основной упор делается на представителей знати — татарских царей и царевичей, а также представителей родоплемен…
On the tradition of using hanging metal seals in the offices of the Golden Horde and Post-Horde States
Research objectives: Following M.A. Usmanov stated claim that hanging seals were not at all used in the Horde offices, this became an indisputable fact. However, D. Kolodzeichik proved the existence of golden hanging seals, which were officially called altunbaisa, on Crimean charters of the 17th century. He suggested that this innovation was introduced into the office of the Gireys. Recent studies allow us to speak confidently about the widesprea…
Scenarios for the Integration of Immigrants from the East in Russia in the 15th — 17th Centuries
The Russian state throughout the entire period of its existence was open to immigrants from the East, both for the nobility and for ordinary people from this society. At the same time, it always built its relations with them in such a way that such persons were always successfully incorporated into the new society. The article discusses various integration scenarios. In this case, the main emphasis is on representatives of the nobility — Tatar ki…
Once Again on the Kazan Coat of Arms
Purpose of the study: To analyze the physical monuments depicting dragons that had not previously been considered in the context of the origin of the coat of arms of Kazan and the formation of the state symbols of the Russian Empire. Research materials: These include Russian coins, private seals, stove tiles, military banners, and 15th–17th century bas-reliefs depicting dragons. Results and scientific novelty: The attraction of new physical monum…
Edige’s descendants in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries
Purpose of the study: Recently, much fruitful work has been done to identify and study the Nogai component in the structure of the highest stratum of service people of the Russian state in the 16th–17th centuries. In particular, a list of clans was established, these having every reason to consider themselves Edigeevichs – the descendants of the Golden Horde backlerbek, Edige. In the presented work, an attempt is made to clarify the features of t…
An overview of the activities of the Moscow Discussion Club of the International Public Organization “Association of Golden Horde Researchers” in 2023–2025
This article is devoted to an overview of the activities of the Moscow Discussion Club of the International Public Organization “Association of Golden Horde Researchers” in 2023–2025 and contains an analysis of its activities. Not only the topics of the speeches are considered, but also a summary is provided of the reports and presentations that took place under the auspices of the Moscow discussion club in face-to-face and remote format. The con…
The Time of the Appearance of the Double-Headed Eagle on Sovereign Seals
For over a hundred years, there have been debates in historiography about the origins of the Russian double-headed eagle. Specifically, there has been much discussion about whether the eagle is of Byzantine or imperial origin, as well as the time of its appearance as a symbol of statehood on seals. To solve these problems, researchers analysed ambassadorial books (primarily on relations with the Empire) and looked for analogies in certain works o…
What is a Sovereign Seal
The author attempts to define what a state/sovereign seal was in the Russian state of the 15th and early 18th centuries, as well as to classify all the currently known seals that fall under this definition. It is concluded that it is impossible to provide a comprehensive definition of state seals or to strictly classify them. Each time, a whole set of features and exceptions must be taken into account. The article also provides an experience of p…
History (13 works) · Ancient history (11 works) · Political science (11 works) · Law (10 works) · Politics (6 works) · Soviet and Russian History (5 works) · Classics (4 works) · Philosophy (4 works) · Sovereignty (4 works) · Archaeology (3 works)