Martha Foschi
Biographic Data
| ID | 91741 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martha Foschi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martha |
| FAMILY NAME | Foschi |
| SIGNATURE | FOSCHI M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of British Columbia |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 357 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Choosing between two semi-finalists: On academic performance gap, sex category, and decision question
Who is the better applicant? Effects from gender, academic record, and type of decision
Gender, performance level, and competence standards in task groups
Selecting job applicants: Effects from gender, self-presentation, and decision type
On the Application-Files Design for the Study of Competence and Double Standards
“Competence standards” are norms specifying requirements for the inference of ability at a given task. As such, they are filters through which task performances are assessed. Standards may vary in strictness, depending on the number and type of performances required. When these requirements differ as a function of characteristics of the performers, such as two levels of either sex category or ethnicity, then a “double standard” is being used. In …
On Conditional Hypotheses and Gender as a Status Characteristic
This article concerns the logic and empirical assessment of conditional hypotheses; as an example, we examine gender as status. A variety of expectation states hypotheses on gender effects in task groups assume that gender is a status characteristic for the group members. We report on an experiment designed as a check of whether the participants meet that assumption and, if so, to what extent. Subjects were male and female undergraduates assigned…
Double Standards for Competence: Theory and Research
This article reviews theory and research on double standards, namely, the use of different requirements for the inference of possession of an attribute, depending on the individuals being assessed. The article focuses on double standards for competence in task groups and begins by examining how status characteristics (e.g. gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic class) become a basis for stricter standards for the lower status person. I also discuss oth…
Double Standards in the Evaluation of Men and Women
This article presents the results from two expectation-states studies on gender and double standards for task competence. The emergence of such standards under several experimental conditions is investigated. In both studies, men and women, participating in opposite-sex dyads, worked first individually and then as a team in solving a perceptual task. As predicted, results from Experiment 1 show that although subjects of both sexes achieved equal …
Group Processes: Sociological Analyses
Gender and Double Standards in the Assessment of Job Applicants
This study tests hypotheses on the use of gender-based double standards in the assessment of task competence. The design involves the examination of files of applicants for engineering jobs, and recreates several features of a hiring decision. The critical choice to be made by each subject was between a male and a female applicant with average but slightly different academic records. In one experimental condition the man held the better record; i…
Ethnicity, Gender, and Perceptions of Task Competence
Status Generalization: New Theory and Research
Status Generalization: New Theory and Research
Standards, Expectations, and Interpersonal Influence
One hundred and twenty males and females, participating in same-sex dyads, were assigned at random to one offive treatments: four experimental and one control. Half the subjects in the experimental groups were given better scores at the task than their partners, half received worse scores. In turn, each half was divided into two levels of standards: scores were either definite indication of ability in one person and lack of ability in the other, …
Theory, Experimentation, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Social Psychology
Martha Foschi, Theory, Experimentation, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Social Psychology, The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Spring, 1980), pp. 91-102
A Bayesian Model for Performance Expectations: Extension and Simulation
This paper focusses on the effect of performance evaluations on expectations for future performances: given a situation in which a person C knows the evaluations received by persons A and B at each step of a series of performances in a specified task, changes in C's expectations about A and B are accounted for as a function of the received evaluations. The process is studied using an extension of a Bayesian model previously constructed by the aut…
Evaluations and Expectations: A Bayesian Model
This paper focuses on the effect of performance evaluations on expectations about future performances: given a situation where two persons know the evaluations they receive at each step of a series of performances, a process model is proposed to account for changes in their expectations as a function of the given evaluations. The approach consists of looking at the problem as a special case of information processing, and of using Bayes' theorem f…
On the Concept of 'Expectations
A brief survey of the literature on the relationships between expectations, evaluations and performances precedes a theoretical elaboration of the concept of 'expectations' as it has been used by Berger, Cohen, Zelditch and associates. The proposals that make up the elaboration are discussed and specific areas of empirical research arising from them are indicated. Finally, the theoretical advantages of the elaboration are illustrated: first, it c…
Contradiction and Change of Performance Expectations
L'auteur propose deux hypotheses pour justifier le fait que les anticipations de ≪ performance ≫ changent lorsqu'elles sont mises en présence de faits objectifs qui les contredisent. On peut prédire que ce changement dans les anticipations evolue en fonction de la variété et du niveau des contradictions. Le cas de celui dont les attentes pour soi sont inferieur aux attentes pour les autres est utilise pour des fins expérimentales de verification …
Double Standards for Competence: Theory and Research
This article reviews theory and research on double standards, namely, the use of different requirements for the inference of possession of an attribute, depending on the individuals being assessed. The article focuses on double standards for competence in task groups and begins by examining how status characteristics (e.g. gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic class) become a basis for stricter standards for the lower status person. I also discuss oth…
Double Standards in the Evaluation of Men and Women
This article presents the results from two expectation-states studies on gender and double standards for task competence. The emergence of such standards under several experimental conditions is investigated. In both studies, men and women, participating in opposite-sex dyads, worked first individually and then as a team in solving a perceptual task. As predicted, results from Experiment 1 show that although subjects of both sexes achieved equal …
Gender and Double Standards in the Assessment of Job Applicants
This study tests hypotheses on the use of gender-based double standards in the assessment of task competence. The design involves the examination of files of applicants for engineering jobs, and recreates several features of a hiring decision. The critical choice to be made by each subject was between a male and a female applicant with average but slightly different academic records. In one experimental condition the man held the better record; i…
On Conditional Hypotheses and Gender as a Status Characteristic
This article concerns the logic and empirical assessment of conditional hypotheses; as an example, we examine gender as status. A variety of expectation states hypotheses on gender effects in task groups assume that gender is a status characteristic for the group members. We report on an experiment designed as a check of whether the participants meet that assumption and, if so, to what extent. Subjects were male and female undergraduates assigned…
Who is the better applicant? Effects from gender, academic record, and type of decision
Selecting job applicants: Effects from gender, self-presentation, and decision type
Gender, performance level, and competence standards in task groups
On the Application-Files Design for the Study of Competence and Double Standards
“Competence standards” are norms specifying requirements for the inference of ability at a given task. As such, they are filters through which task performances are assessed. Standards may vary in strictness, depending on the number and type of performances required. When these requirements differ as a function of characteristics of the performers, such as two levels of either sex category or ethnicity, then a “double standard” is being used. In …
Ethnicity, Gender, and Perceptions of Task Competence
On the Concept of 'Expectations
A brief survey of the literature on the relationships between expectations, evaluations and performances precedes a theoretical elaboration of the concept of 'expectations' as it has been used by Berger, Cohen, Zelditch and associates. The proposals that make up the elaboration are discussed and specific areas of empirical research arising from them are indicated. Finally, the theoretical advantages of the elaboration are illustrated: first, it c…
Theory, Experimentation, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Social Psychology
Martha Foschi, Theory, Experimentation, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Social Psychology, The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Spring, 1980), pp. 91-102
Standards, Expectations, and Interpersonal Influence
One hundred and twenty males and females, participating in same-sex dyads, were assigned at random to one offive treatments: four experimental and one control. Half the subjects in the experimental groups were given better scores at the task than their partners, half received worse scores. In turn, each half was divided into two levels of standards: scores were either definite indication of ability in one person and lack of ability in the other, …
A Bayesian Model for Performance Expectations: Extension and Simulation
This paper focusses on the effect of performance evaluations on expectations for future performances: given a situation in which a person C knows the evaluations received by persons A and B at each step of a series of performances in a specified task, changes in C's expectations about A and B are accounted for as a function of the received evaluations. The process is studied using an extension of a Bayesian model previously constructed by the aut…
Choosing between two semi-finalists: On academic performance gap, sex category, and decision question
Status Generalization: New Theory and Research
Contradiction and Change of Performance Expectations
L'auteur propose deux hypotheses pour justifier le fait que les anticipations de ≪ performance ≫ changent lorsqu'elles sont mises en présence de faits objectifs qui les contredisent. On peut prédire que ce changement dans les anticipations evolue en fonction de la variété et du niveau des contradictions. Le cas de celui dont les attentes pour soi sont inferieur aux attentes pour les autres est utilise pour des fins expérimentales de verification …
On the Concept of 'Expectations
A brief survey of the literature on the relationships between expectations, evaluations and performances precedes a theoretical elaboration of the concept of 'expectations' as it has been used by Berger, Cohen, Zelditch and associates. The proposals that make up the elaboration are discussed and specific areas of empirical research arising from them are indicated. Finally, the theoretical advantages of the elaboration are illustrated: first, it c…
Evaluations and Expectations: A Bayesian Model
This paper focuses on the effect of performance evaluations on expectations about future performances: given a situation where two persons know the evaluations they receive at each step of a series of performances, a process model is proposed to account for changes in their expectations as a function of the given evaluations. The approach consists of looking at the problem as a special case of information processing, and of using Bayes' theorem f…
A Bayesian Model for Performance Expectations: Extension and Simulation
This paper focusses on the effect of performance evaluations on expectations for future performances: given a situation in which a person C knows the evaluations received by persons A and B at each step of a series of performances in a specified task, changes in C's expectations about A and B are accounted for as a function of the received evaluations. The process is studied using an extension of a Bayesian model previously constructed by the aut…
Theory, Experimentation, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Social Psychology
Martha Foschi, Theory, Experimentation, and Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Social Psychology, The Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Spring, 1980), pp. 91-102
Standards, Expectations, and Interpersonal Influence
One hundred and twenty males and females, participating in same-sex dyads, were assigned at random to one offive treatments: four experimental and one control. Half the subjects in the experimental groups were given better scores at the task than their partners, half received worse scores. In turn, each half was divided into two levels of standards: scores were either definite indication of ability in one person and lack of ability in the other, …
Status Generalization: New Theory and Research
Ethnicity, Gender, and Perceptions of Task Competence
Status Generalization: New Theory and Research
Gender and Double Standards in the Assessment of Job Applicants
This study tests hypotheses on the use of gender-based double standards in the assessment of task competence. The design involves the examination of files of applicants for engineering jobs, and recreates several features of a hiring decision. The critical choice to be made by each subject was between a male and a female applicant with average but slightly different academic records. In one experimental condition the man held the better record; i…
Group Processes: Sociological Analyses
Double Standards in the Evaluation of Men and Women
This article presents the results from two expectation-states studies on gender and double standards for task competence. The emergence of such standards under several experimental conditions is investigated. In both studies, men and women, participating in opposite-sex dyads, worked first individually and then as a team in solving a perceptual task. As predicted, results from Experiment 1 show that although subjects of both sexes achieved equal …
Double Standards for Competence: Theory and Research
This article reviews theory and research on double standards, namely, the use of different requirements for the inference of possession of an attribute, depending on the individuals being assessed. The article focuses on double standards for competence in task groups and begins by examining how status characteristics (e.g. gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic class) become a basis for stricter standards for the lower status person. I also discuss oth…
On Conditional Hypotheses and Gender as a Status Characteristic
This article concerns the logic and empirical assessment of conditional hypotheses; as an example, we examine gender as status. A variety of expectation states hypotheses on gender effects in task groups assume that gender is a status characteristic for the group members. We report on an experiment designed as a check of whether the participants meet that assumption and, if so, to what extent. Subjects were male and female undergraduates assigned…
On the Application-Files Design for the Study of Competence and Double Standards
“Competence standards” are norms specifying requirements for the inference of ability at a given task. As such, they are filters through which task performances are assessed. Standards may vary in strictness, depending on the number and type of performances required. When these requirements differ as a function of characteristics of the performers, such as two levels of either sex category or ethnicity, then a “double standard” is being used. In …
Selecting job applicants: Effects from gender, self-presentation, and decision type
Gender, performance level, and competence standards in task groups
Who is the better applicant? Effects from gender, academic record, and type of decision
Choosing between two semi-finalists: On academic performance gap, sex category, and decision question
Psychology (16 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Gender Diversity and Inequality (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (7 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Epistemology (6 works) · Philosophy (6 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works)