Peter H Schwartz
Biographic Data
| ID | 957151 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter H Schwartz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter H |
| FAMILY NAME | Schwartz |
| SIGNATURE | SCHWARTZ P H |
| AFFILIATIONS | General Department of Preventive Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0863-0931 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Collecting Biospecimens and Obtaining Biobank Consent From Patients in an Academic Health Care Setting
Academic health centers and health systems increasingly ask patients to enroll in research biobanks as part of standard care, raising important practical and ethical questions for integrating biobank consent processes into health care settings. This article aims to assist academic health centers and health systems considering implementing these integrated consent processes by outlining the 5 main issues—and the key practical and ethical considera…
Rethinking Decision Quality
Studies of patient decision‐making use many different measures to evaluate the quality of decisions and the decision‐making process, partly to determine whether the ethical goals of informed consent, patient autonomy, and shared decision‐making have been achieved. We describe these measures, grouped under three main approaches, and review their limitations, leading to three conclusions. First, no measure or combination of measures can provide a c…
Biobank Participants’ Attitudes Toward Data Sharing and Privacy
Biobank participants are often unaware of possible uses of their genetic and health information, despite explicit descriptions of those uses in consent forms. To explore why this misunderstanding persists, we conducted semi-structured interviews and knowledge tests with 22 participants who had recently enrolled in a research biobank. Results indicated that participants lacked understanding of privacy and data-sharing topics but were mostly unconc…
Genetic Data Aren't So Special
Genetic information is widely thought to pose unique risks of reidentifying individuals. Genetic data reveals a great deal about who we are and, the standard view holds, should consequently be treated differently from other types of data. Contrary to this view, we argue that the dangers of reidentification for genetic and nongenetic data—including health, financial, and consumer information—are more similar than has been recognized. Before differ…
Defending Opioid Treatment Agreements
In order to receive controlled pain medications for chronic non‐oncologic pain, patients often must sign a “narcotic contract” or “opioid treatment agreement” in which they promise not to give pills to others, use illegal drugs, or seek controlled medications from health care providers. In addition, they must agree to use the medication as prescribed and to come to the clinic for drug testing and pill counts. Patients acknowledge that if they vio…
Small Tumors as Risk Factors not Disease
I argue that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the tumor most commonly diagnosed by breast mammography, cannot be confidently classified as cancer, that is, as pathological. This is because there may not be dysfunction present in DCIS—as I argue based on its high prevalence and the small amount of risk it conveys—and thus DCIS may not count as a disease by dysfunction-requiring approaches, such as Boorse’s biostatistical theory and Wakefield’s har…
Child Safety, Absolute Risk, and the Prevention Paradox
Imagine you fly home from vacation with your one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old son who is traveling for free as a “lap child.” In the airport parking lot, you put him into his forward‐facing car seat, where he sits much more contentedly than he did in the rear‐facing one that was mandatory until his first birthday. After he falls asleep on the way home, you transfer him to his crib without waking him, lowering the side rail so you can lift him in more easi…
Discounting a Surgical Risk
The physician must help patients understand that all options—further testing, surgery, no action—carry risks and benefits. Disclosing the statistical probability of injury and other possible outcomes might help, but it can also hinder the process
Defining Dysfunction
Accounts of the concepts of function and dysfunction have not adequately explained what factors determine the line between low-normal function and dysfunction. I call the challenge of doing so the line-drawing problem . Previous approaches emphasize facts involving the action of natural selection (Wakefield 1992a, 1999a, 1999b) or the statistical distribution of levels of functioning in the current population (Boorse 1977, 1997). I point out limi…
Proper Function and Recent Selection
“Modern History” versions of the etiological theory claim that in order for a trait X to have the proper function F, individuals with X must have been recently favored by natural selection for doing F (Godfrey-Smith 1994; Griffiths 1992, 1993). For many traits with prototypical proper functions, however, such recent selection may not have occurred: traits may have been maintained due to lack of variation or due to selection for other effects. I e…
Rejoinder to Springborg
His Majesty the Baby
The child shall have things better than his parents: he shall not be subject to the necessities which they have recognized as dominating life. Illness, death, renunciation of enjoyment, restrictions on his own will, shall not touch him; the laws of nature, like those of society, are to be abrogated in his favor; he is really to be the center and heart of creation, “His Majesty the Baby,” as we once fancied ourselves to be.... At the weakest point…
Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought
TjHE Marxist critic Frederic Jameson recently (1981) argued that the interpretive apparatus used study literary texts must be political. In the study of political theory, I propose reverse this formulation by arguing for the priority of literary interpretations of political texts. To say that political theory needs be studied from a more literary perspective is suggest that its language must be confronted metaphorically and symbolically. The lite…
Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought
Peter Hammond Schwartz, Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought: Toward an Understanding of Symbols as Political Texts, The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp. 653-673
Defining Dysfunction
Accounts of the concepts of function and dysfunction have not adequately explained what factors determine the line between low-normal function and dysfunction. I call the challenge of doing so the line-drawing problem . Previous approaches emphasize facts involving the action of natural selection (Wakefield 1992a, 1999a, 1999b) or the statistical distribution of levels of functioning in the current population (Boorse 1977, 1997). I point out limi…
Biobank Participants’ Attitudes Toward Data Sharing and Privacy
Biobank participants are often unaware of possible uses of their genetic and health information, despite explicit descriptions of those uses in consent forms. To explore why this misunderstanding persists, we conducted semi-structured interviews and knowledge tests with 22 participants who had recently enrolled in a research biobank. Results indicated that participants lacked understanding of privacy and data-sharing topics but were mostly unconc…
Proper Function and Recent Selection
“Modern History” versions of the etiological theory claim that in order for a trait X to have the proper function F, individuals with X must have been recently favored by natural selection for doing F (Godfrey-Smith 1994; Griffiths 1992, 1993). For many traits with prototypical proper functions, however, such recent selection may not have occurred: traits may have been maintained due to lack of variation or due to selection for other effects. I e…
His Majesty the Baby
The child shall have things better than his parents: he shall not be subject to the necessities which they have recognized as dominating life. Illness, death, renunciation of enjoyment, restrictions on his own will, shall not touch him; the laws of nature, like those of society, are to be abrogated in his favor; he is really to be the center and heart of creation, “His Majesty the Baby,” as we once fancied ourselves to be.... At the weakest point…
Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought
Peter Hammond Schwartz, Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought: Toward an Understanding of Symbols as Political Texts, The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp. 653-673
Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought
TjHE Marxist critic Frederic Jameson recently (1981) argued that the interpretive apparatus used study literary texts must be political. In the study of political theory, I propose reverse this formulation by arguing for the priority of literary interpretations of political texts. To say that political theory needs be studied from a more literary perspective is suggest that its language must be confronted metaphorically and symbolically. The lite…
Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought
Peter Hammond Schwartz, Equestrian Imagery in European and American Political Thought: Toward an Understanding of Symbols as Political Texts, The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp. 653-673
His Majesty the Baby
The child shall have things better than his parents: he shall not be subject to the necessities which they have recognized as dominating life. Illness, death, renunciation of enjoyment, restrictions on his own will, shall not touch him; the laws of nature, like those of society, are to be abrogated in his favor; he is really to be the center and heart of creation, “His Majesty the Baby,” as we once fancied ourselves to be.... At the weakest point…
Rejoinder to Springborg
Proper Function and Recent Selection
“Modern History” versions of the etiological theory claim that in order for a trait X to have the proper function F, individuals with X must have been recently favored by natural selection for doing F (Godfrey-Smith 1994; Griffiths 1992, 1993). For many traits with prototypical proper functions, however, such recent selection may not have occurred: traits may have been maintained due to lack of variation or due to selection for other effects. I e…
Defining Dysfunction
Accounts of the concepts of function and dysfunction have not adequately explained what factors determine the line between low-normal function and dysfunction. I call the challenge of doing so the line-drawing problem . Previous approaches emphasize facts involving the action of natural selection (Wakefield 1992a, 1999a, 1999b) or the statistical distribution of levels of functioning in the current population (Boorse 1977, 1997). I point out limi…
Child Safety, Absolute Risk, and the Prevention Paradox
Imagine you fly home from vacation with your one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old son who is traveling for free as a “lap child.” In the airport parking lot, you put him into his forward‐facing car seat, where he sits much more contentedly than he did in the rear‐facing one that was mandatory until his first birthday. After he falls asleep on the way home, you transfer him to his crib without waking him, lowering the side rail so you can lift him in more easi…
Discounting a Surgical Risk
The physician must help patients understand that all options—further testing, surgery, no action—carry risks and benefits. Disclosing the statistical probability of injury and other possible outcomes might help, but it can also hinder the process
Small Tumors as Risk Factors not Disease
I argue that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), the tumor most commonly diagnosed by breast mammography, cannot be confidently classified as cancer, that is, as pathological. This is because there may not be dysfunction present in DCIS—as I argue based on its high prevalence and the small amount of risk it conveys—and thus DCIS may not count as a disease by dysfunction-requiring approaches, such as Boorse’s biostatistical theory and Wakefield’s har…
Defending Opioid Treatment Agreements
In order to receive controlled pain medications for chronic non‐oncologic pain, patients often must sign a “narcotic contract” or “opioid treatment agreement” in which they promise not to give pills to others, use illegal drugs, or seek controlled medications from health care providers. In addition, they must agree to use the medication as prescribed and to come to the clinic for drug testing and pill counts. Patients acknowledge that if they vio…
Genetic Data Aren't So Special
Genetic information is widely thought to pose unique risks of reidentifying individuals. Genetic data reveals a great deal about who we are and, the standard view holds, should consequently be treated differently from other types of data. Contrary to this view, we argue that the dangers of reidentification for genetic and nongenetic data—including health, financial, and consumer information—are more similar than has been recognized. Before differ…
Biobank Participants’ Attitudes Toward Data Sharing and Privacy
Biobank participants are often unaware of possible uses of their genetic and health information, despite explicit descriptions of those uses in consent forms. To explore why this misunderstanding persists, we conducted semi-structured interviews and knowledge tests with 22 participants who had recently enrolled in a research biobank. Results indicated that participants lacked understanding of privacy and data-sharing topics but were mostly unconc…
Collecting Biospecimens and Obtaining Biobank Consent From Patients in an Academic Health Care Setting
Academic health centers and health systems increasingly ask patients to enroll in research biobanks as part of standard care, raising important practical and ethical questions for integrating biobank consent processes into health care settings. This article aims to assist academic health centers and health systems considering implementing these integrated consent processes by outlining the 5 main issues—and the key practical and ethical considera…
Rethinking Decision Quality
Studies of patient decision‐making use many different measures to evaluate the quality of decisions and the decision‐making process, partly to determine whether the ethical goals of informed consent, patient autonomy, and shared decision‐making have been achieved. We describe these measures, grouped under three main approaches, and review their limitations, leading to three conclusions. First, no measure or combination of measures can provide a c…
Medicine (8 works) · Political science (8 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Epistemology (6 works) · Law (6 works) · Philosophy (6 works) · Informed consent (4 works) · Alternative medicine (3 works) · Ethics in Clinical Research (3 works)