Markku Verkasalo
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 98875 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Markku Verkasalo |
| NOMBRES | Markku |
| APELLIDO | Verkasalo |
| FIRMA | VERKASALO M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Helsinki |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4356-9649 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 420 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Wishful perceiving
Why do people not perceive their close others accurately, although they have ample information about them? We propose that one reason for such errors may be bias based on personal values. Personal values may serve as schemas defining what people see as positive, and thus affect perceptions of others' behavior, values, and traits. We propose that, in close relationships, people see others as sharing their own values. Six studies ( N = 2,225; four …
Value priorities of the Finnish farmers—Time to stop thinking of farmers as inherently conservative and traditional
Farming communities are becoming more heterogeneous and multifunctional due to various structural and environmental changes. However, it is not known if farmers' values have also become more heterogeneous. We wanted to explore potential heterogeneity in farmers' value priorities in detail across different farmer groups in Finland using the refined Schwartz theory of 19 basic human values. A representative sample of 4,401 Finnish farmers responded…
Who likes whom? The interaction between perceiver personality and target look
Zeitgeist effects, fragmentation of media use, and value consensus
Finland changed from an industrial society to an information society in 1991-2015. Due to economic fluctuations, diffusion of digitalization and media turbulence the period changed Finnish society a lot. We studied the impact of this on basic human values with Schwartz’s approach, and concentrated on zeitgeist effects. We developed a definition of zeitgeist effects and a set of hypotheses, based on the literature, to study how major societal chan…
The Contribution of Religiosity to Ideology
The current study examines the extent to which religiosity account for ideological orientations in 16 countries from five continents (Australia, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Greece, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Results showed that religiosity was consistently related to right and conservative ideologies in all countries, except Australia. This relation held across …
Basic Values, Ideological Self-Placement, and Voting
The current study examines the contribution of left–right (or liberal–conservative) ideology to voting, as well as the extent to which basic values account for ideological orientation. Analyses were conducted in 16 countries from five continents (Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania), most of which have been neglected by previous studies. Results showed that left–right (or liberal–conservative) ideology predicted voting in all …
Help-giving and moral courage on the Internet
The study addressed individual differences on two types of prosocial behavior on the Internet: help-giving/sharing and moral courage. A questionnaire to measure these behaviors was developed. We investigated the effects of the Big Five personality traits, sadistic traits, and values on help-giving and moral courage. We found that the willingness to help on the Internet was promoted by open personality, and the relationship was partly moderated by…
Measuring individual risk attitudes in the lab
Personal values and political activism
Using data from 28 countries in four continents, the present research addresses the question of how basic values may account for political activism. Study 1 (N = 35,116) analyses data from representative samples in 20 countries that responded to the 21-item version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21) in the European Social Survey. Study 2 (N = 7,773) analyses data from adult samples in six of the same countries (Finland, Germany, Greece…
The Five-Factor Model of personality and Degree and Transitivity of Facebook social networks
Basic Personal Values Underlie and Give Coherence to Political Values
Posing personality
Personal values and prosocial behaviour in strategic interactions
Relying on the framework provided by Schwartz's theory of personal values, we investigated whether values can help explain prosocial behaviour. We first distinguished value‐expressive behaviours from value‐ambivalent behaviours. The former are compatible with primarily one value or with congruent values, the latter with mutually conflicting values. In Study 1, an analysis over all 41 (39 unpublished) samples in which we measured personal values a…
Political Conservatism and Left–Right Orientation in 28 E astern and W estern E uropean Countries
The relationship between political conservatism and left–right orientation was examined in 15 Western European and 13 former communist Central and Eastern European countries using the data from European Social Survey Round 3 (N = 46,103) and Round 4 (N = 50,601). Cross‐culturally validated values were used to measure the two potential aspects of conservatism: resistance to change and acceptance of inequality. Both of these aspects were positively…
Rebound Effect in Personal Values
Returning to a sample of Ingrian Finnish migrants ( N = 136) in which postmigration change in personal values has previously been documented, we investigated the permanency of such value change. Personal values, measured within the framework provided by Schwartz's (1992) values theory, were previously measured prior to migration and 1 year after migration. We now add a second follow-up, conducted 2 years after migration. At this time, the changes…
Group-Level and Intraindividual Stability of National Stereotypes
In a 4-year longitudinal study, we investigated stereotype change in the context of increased intergroup contact. Specifically, using one pre- and two postmigration measurement points, we followed some 200 Ingrian Finns and their families migrating from Russia to Finland. Stereotypes of a typical Finn were conceptualized within the framework provided by Schwartz's values theory. At the group level, migrants' stereotype profiles were consensual, s…
Honor as a value in Finland, Estonia, Italy, Russia, and Switzerland
Using the Schwartz Value Model as a basis, the meaning of the value item, honor (sense of honor ) was explored in eight samples in Finland ( N = 1877) and in five comparable samples of 15- to 17-year-old adolescents in Estonia, Finland, Italy, Russia, and Switzerland ( N = 1788). In Finland, honor was a self-enhancement value in all age and occupational groups, although its importance varied widely. An identical pattern was found for Estonian ado…
Accuracy and contrast in national value stereotypes – A Case study using Ingrian-Finns as bi-cultural experts
Persons, situations, and behaviors
Understanding how persons, situations, and behaviors contribute to behavioral consistency is a central goal for the science of behavior. The present study focused on dyadic social situations that were created by professional actors who enacted 4 social roles derived from interpersonal theory: dominant, submissive, agreeable, and quarrelsome. A total of 128 behavioral episodes from 32 target participants who each interacted for 5 min with 4 same-s…
Refining the theory of basic individual values
We propose a refined theory of basic individual values intended to provide greater heuristic and explanatory power than the original theory of 10 values (Schwartz, 1992). The refined theory more accurately expresses the central assumption of the original theory that research has largely ignored: Values form a circular motivational continuum. The theory defines and orders 19 values on the continuum based on their compatible and conflicting motivat…
Personal Values Before and After Migration
We investigated the process of value change in a migration context. Specifically, in a longitudinal panel design with around 19 months between measurement points, 145 Ingrian–Finnish migrants from Russia to Finland completed the same measures of personal values both before and after migration. As expected, the importance of both Universalism and Security values increased after migration, whereas the importance of Power and Achievement values decr…
Values as Predictors of Anticipated Socio‐cultural Adaptation Among Potential Migrants from Russia to Finland
This study examined the role of value patterns of potential migrants from Russia to Finland ( N = 229) in predicting expectations of post‐migration socio‐cultural adaptation. Furthermore, the fit between migrants' personal values and the values they expect to encounter in the new home country (i.e. perceived value congruence) was hypothesized to predict anticipated socio‐cultural adaptation (ASCA). The study took into account perceived cultural d…
Situational power moderates the influence of Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement values on behavior in ultimatum bargaining
The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions
This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, bu…
Self‐esteem and values
The purpose of the present study was to connect personal values to self‐esteem in 14 samples ( N = 3612) of pre‐professionals, high school students, and adults, from Finland, Russia, Switzerland, Italy, and Estonia. Self‐enhancement values (power, achievement) and openness to change values (self‐direction, stimulation) were positively, and self‐transcendence values (universalism, benevolence) and conservation values (tradition) were negatively re…
Refining the theory of basic individual values
We propose a refined theory of basic individual values intended to provide greater heuristic and explanatory power than the original theory of 10 values (Schwartz, 1992). The refined theory more accurately expresses the central assumption of the original theory that research has largely ignored: Values form a circular motivational continuum. The theory defines and orders 19 values on the continuum based on their compatible and conflicting motivat…
Basic Personal Values Underlie and Give Coherence to Political Values
Political Conservatism and Left–Right Orientation in 28 E astern and W estern E uropean Countries
The relationship between political conservatism and left–right orientation was examined in 15 Western European and 13 former communist Central and Eastern European countries using the data from European Social Survey Round 3 (N = 46,103) and Round 4 (N = 50,601). Cross‐culturally validated values were used to measure the two potential aspects of conservatism: resistance to change and acceptance of inequality. Both of these aspects were positively…
Basic Values, Ideological Self-Placement, and Voting
The current study examines the contribution of left–right (or liberal–conservative) ideology to voting, as well as the extent to which basic values account for ideological orientation. Analyses were conducted in 16 countries from five continents (Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania), most of which have been neglected by previous studies. Results showed that left–right (or liberal–conservative) ideology predicted voting in all …
Personal values and political activism
Using data from 28 countries in four continents, the present research addresses the question of how basic values may account for political activism. Study 1 (N = 35,116) analyses data from representative samples in 20 countries that responded to the 21-item version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21) in the European Social Survey. Study 2 (N = 7,773) analyses data from adult samples in six of the same countries (Finland, Germany, Greece…
European norms and equations for a two dimensional presentation of values as measured with Schwartz's 21‐item portrait values questionnaire
The present study utilizes European Social Survey (ESS) data to introduce European norms and equations for computation of the Self‐Transcendence—Self‐Enhancement and Conservation—Openness to Change value dimensions, as measured with the 21‐item Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). Our analysis of ESS round 1 and 2 data suggest that the two‐dimensional structure and the equations based on this structure are extremely robust. Presenting the two val…
Personal values and prosocial behaviour in strategic interactions
Relying on the framework provided by Schwartz's theory of personal values, we investigated whether values can help explain prosocial behaviour. We first distinguished value‐expressive behaviours from value‐ambivalent behaviours. The former are compatible with primarily one value or with congruent values, the latter with mutually conflicting values. In Study 1, an analysis over all 41 (39 unpublished) samples in which we measured personal values a…
Rebound Effect in Personal Values
Returning to a sample of Ingrian Finnish migrants ( N = 136) in which postmigration change in personal values has previously been documented, we investigated the permanency of such value change. Personal values, measured within the framework provided by Schwartz's (1992) values theory, were previously measured prior to migration and 1 year after migration. We now add a second follow-up, conducted 2 years after migration. At this time, the changes…
The Contribution of Religiosity to Ideology
The current study examines the extent to which religiosity account for ideological orientations in 16 countries from five continents (Australia, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Greece, Finland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Results showed that religiosity was consistently related to right and conservative ideologies in all countries, except Australia. This relation held across …
Values as Predictors of Anticipated Socio‐cultural Adaptation Among Potential Migrants from Russia to Finland
This study examined the role of value patterns of potential migrants from Russia to Finland ( N = 229) in predicting expectations of post‐migration socio‐cultural adaptation. Furthermore, the fit between migrants' personal values and the values they expect to encounter in the new home country (i.e. perceived value congruence) was hypothesized to predict anticipated socio‐cultural adaptation (ASCA). The study took into account perceived cultural d…
Self‐esteem and values
The purpose of the present study was to connect personal values to self‐esteem in 14 samples ( N = 3612) of pre‐professionals, high school students, and adults, from Finland, Russia, Switzerland, Italy, and Estonia. Self‐enhancement values (power, achievement) and openness to change values (self‐direction, stimulation) were positively, and self‐transcendence values (universalism, benevolence) and conservation values (tradition) were negatively re…
Honor as a value in Finland, Estonia, Italy, Russia, and Switzerland
Using the Schwartz Value Model as a basis, the meaning of the value item, honor (sense of honor ) was explored in eight samples in Finland ( N = 1877) and in five comparable samples of 15- to 17-year-old adolescents in Estonia, Finland, Italy, Russia, and Switzerland ( N = 1788). In Finland, honor was a self-enhancement value in all age and occupational groups, although its importance varied widely. An identical pattern was found for Estonian ado…
Accuracy and contrast in national value stereotypes – A Case study using Ingrian-Finns as bi-cultural experts
Group-Level and Intraindividual Stability of National Stereotypes
In a 4-year longitudinal study, we investigated stereotype change in the context of increased intergroup contact. Specifically, using one pre- and two postmigration measurement points, we followed some 200 Ingrian Finns and their families migrating from Russia to Finland. Stereotypes of a typical Finn were conceptualized within the framework provided by Schwartz's values theory. At the group level, migrants' stereotype profiles were consensual, s…
Persons, situations, and behaviors
Understanding how persons, situations, and behaviors contribute to behavioral consistency is a central goal for the science of behavior. The present study focused on dyadic social situations that were created by professional actors who enacted 4 social roles derived from interpersonal theory: dominant, submissive, agreeable, and quarrelsome. A total of 128 behavioral episodes from 32 target participants who each interacted for 5 min with 4 same-s…
Regulatory focus systems and personal values
The present studies sought connections between two highly influential, but separate motivational systems: the regulatory foci and personal values. Study 1 ( N = 173) showed that promotion focus was positively associated with Achievement and negatively with Tradition values, whereas prevention focus was positively associated with Conformity and Security values, and negatively with Self‐Direction and Stimulation values. Furthermore, interdependent …
Stereotypes among Finns in Sweden The Character of Finns versus Swedes
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Situational power moderates the influence of Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement values on behavior in ultimatum bargaining
Psychosocial functioning in young men predicts their personality stability over 15 years
Who likes whom? The interaction between perceiver personality and target look
The Five-Factor Model of personality and Degree and Transitivity of Facebook social networks
Posing personality
Universal Values in Estonia, Finland and Sweden
This cross-national study of values is based on Shalom Schwartz's psychological instrument. It can also be characterized as a cross-disciplinary project involving psychological and ethnological contributions. It further exemplifies one model of combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Its main purpose is to point at the research prospects of assessing similarities and differences in universal values, and how to account for the differences …
Value priorities and social desirability
Associations of value priorities with socially desirable responding (SD) might be due to a stylistic bias that distorts self‐reported value ratings or to a substantive relationship between valued goals and needs. We hypothesize that, as a stylistic bias, SD would increase ( a ) the importance people attribute to values in general and ( b ) lead people to match own value ratings to those of importance in their social environment. As a substantive …
Stereotypes among Finns in Sweden The Character of Finns versus Swedes
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Measuring Values With the Short Schwartz's Value Survey
The reliability and validity of the Short Schwartz's Value Survey (SSVS) was examined in 4 studies. In Study 1 (N = 670), we examined whether value scores obtained with the SSVS correlate with those obtained with Schwartz's Value Survey (SVS; Schwartz, 1992, 1996) and the Portrait Values Questionnaire (Schwartz et al., 2001) and whether the quasi-circular structure of values can be found with the SSVS. In Study 2 (N = 3,261), we replicated the qu…
Substance and Style in Socially Desirable Responding
The purpose of the present series of studies was to evaluate whether Paulhus's (1991) Self‐Deceptive Enhancement (SDE) and Communion Management (CM) socially desirable responding (SDR) scales should be interpreted as response set measures, response style measures, or measures of substantive individual differences in personality. In Study 1 ( N =57) and Study 2 ( N =62), army officer trainees were tested as applicants to their program and retested…
Depressive Symptoms and Serum Lipid Fractions in Middle-Aged Men
Objective: To investigate alternative hypothetical models that could clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms and serum cholesterol fractions, i.e., high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It was hypothesized that the impact of the depressive symptoms on cholesterol fractions is mediated through health behavior and body mass index, and at the same time there would be a direct link from depression to cholester…
Psychosocial functioning in young men predicts their personality stability over 15 years
Self‐esteem and values
The purpose of the present study was to connect personal values to self‐esteem in 14 samples ( N = 3612) of pre‐professionals, high school students, and adults, from Finland, Russia, Switzerland, Italy, and Estonia. Self‐enhancement values (power, achievement) and openness to change values (self‐direction, stimulation) were positively, and self‐transcendence values (universalism, benevolence) and conservation values (tradition) were negatively re…
Regulatory focus systems and personal values
The present studies sought connections between two highly influential, but separate motivational systems: the regulatory foci and personal values. Study 1 ( N = 173) showed that promotion focus was positively associated with Achievement and negatively with Tradition values, whereas prevention focus was positively associated with Conformity and Security values, and negatively with Self‐Direction and Stimulation values. Furthermore, interdependent …
European norms and equations for a two dimensional presentation of values as measured with Schwartz's 21‐item portrait values questionnaire
The present study utilizes European Social Survey (ESS) data to introduce European norms and equations for computation of the Self‐Transcendence—Self‐Enhancement and Conservation—Openness to Change value dimensions, as measured with the 21‐item Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). Our analysis of ESS round 1 and 2 data suggest that the two‐dimensional structure and the equations based on this structure are extremely robust. Presenting the two val…
The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions
This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, bu…
Personal Values Before and After Migration
We investigated the process of value change in a migration context. Specifically, in a longitudinal panel design with around 19 months between measurement points, 145 Ingrian–Finnish migrants from Russia to Finland completed the same measures of personal values both before and after migration. As expected, the importance of both Universalism and Security values increased after migration, whereas the importance of Power and Achievement values decr…
Values as Predictors of Anticipated Socio‐cultural Adaptation Among Potential Migrants from Russia to Finland
This study examined the role of value patterns of potential migrants from Russia to Finland ( N = 229) in predicting expectations of post‐migration socio‐cultural adaptation. Furthermore, the fit between migrants' personal values and the values they expect to encounter in the new home country (i.e. perceived value congruence) was hypothesized to predict anticipated socio‐cultural adaptation (ASCA). The study took into account perceived cultural d…
Situational power moderates the influence of Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement values on behavior in ultimatum bargaining
Honor as a value in Finland, Estonia, Italy, Russia, and Switzerland
Using the Schwartz Value Model as a basis, the meaning of the value item, honor (sense of honor ) was explored in eight samples in Finland ( N = 1877) and in five comparable samples of 15- to 17-year-old adolescents in Estonia, Finland, Italy, Russia, and Switzerland ( N = 1788). In Finland, honor was a self-enhancement value in all age and occupational groups, although its importance varied widely. An identical pattern was found for Estonian ado…
Accuracy and contrast in national value stereotypes – A Case study using Ingrian-Finns as bi-cultural experts
Persons, situations, and behaviors
Understanding how persons, situations, and behaviors contribute to behavioral consistency is a central goal for the science of behavior. The present study focused on dyadic social situations that were created by professional actors who enacted 4 social roles derived from interpersonal theory: dominant, submissive, agreeable, and quarrelsome. A total of 128 behavioral episodes from 32 target participants who each interacted for 5 min with 4 same-s…
Refining the theory of basic individual values
We propose a refined theory of basic individual values intended to provide greater heuristic and explanatory power than the original theory of 10 values (Schwartz, 1992). The refined theory more accurately expresses the central assumption of the original theory that research has largely ignored: Values form a circular motivational continuum. The theory defines and orders 19 values on the continuum based on their compatible and conflicting motivat…
Posing personality
Personal values and prosocial behaviour in strategic interactions
Relying on the framework provided by Schwartz's theory of personal values, we investigated whether values can help explain prosocial behaviour. We first distinguished value‐expressive behaviours from value‐ambivalent behaviours. The former are compatible with primarily one value or with congruent values, the latter with mutually conflicting values. In Study 1, an analysis over all 41 (39 unpublished) samples in which we measured personal values a…
Political Conservatism and Left–Right Orientation in 28 E astern and W estern E uropean Countries
The relationship between political conservatism and left–right orientation was examined in 15 Western European and 13 former communist Central and Eastern European countries using the data from European Social Survey Round 3 (N = 46,103) and Round 4 (N = 50,601). Cross‐culturally validated values were used to measure the two potential aspects of conservatism: resistance to change and acceptance of inequality. Both of these aspects were positively…
Rebound Effect in Personal Values
Returning to a sample of Ingrian Finnish migrants ( N = 136) in which postmigration change in personal values has previously been documented, we investigated the permanency of such value change. Personal values, measured within the framework provided by Schwartz's (1992) values theory, were previously measured prior to migration and 1 year after migration. We now add a second follow-up, conducted 2 years after migration. At this time, the changes…
Group-Level and Intraindividual Stability of National Stereotypes
In a 4-year longitudinal study, we investigated stereotype change in the context of increased intergroup contact. Specifically, using one pre- and two postmigration measurement points, we followed some 200 Ingrian Finns and their families migrating from Russia to Finland. Stereotypes of a typical Finn were conceptualized within the framework provided by Schwartz's values theory. At the group level, migrants' stereotype profiles were consensual, s…
The Five-Factor Model of personality and Degree and Transitivity of Facebook social networks
Basic Personal Values Underlie and Give Coherence to Political Values
Psychology (27 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Cultural Differences and Values (23 obras) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (18 obras) · Sociology (14 obras) · Mathematics (12 obras) · Statistics (12 obras) · Political science (11 obras) · Big Five personality traits (9 obras) · Economics (9 obras)