J Landes
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1286447 |
|---|---|
| NOME | J Landes |
| PRENOMES | J |
| SOBRENOME | Landes |
| ASSINATURA | LANDES J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Milan |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3105-6624 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 14 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 14 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1981 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Discovering Maximum Entropy Knowledge
This paper seeks to determine a rational agent’s evidential constraints given her beliefs. Rationality is here construed as adherence to a principle of entropy maximisation. I determine the rational agent’s set of probability efunctions compatible with the evidence, $${\mathbb {E}}$$ E , given the maximum entropy function and given some constraints on the shape of $${\mathbb {E}}$$ E . I also consider agents employing a centre of mass approach to…
Confirmation by Robustness Analysis
Some authors claim that minimal models have limited epistemic value (Fumagalli, 2016; Grüne-Yanoff, 2009a). Others defend the epistemic benefits of modelling by invoking the role of robustness analysis for hypothesis confirmation (see, e.g., Levins, 1966; Kuorikoski et al., 2010) but such arguments find much resistance (see, e.g., Odenbaugh & Alexandrova, 2011). In this paper, we offer a Bayesian rationalization and defence of the view that robus…
Individual consent in cluster randomised trials for non-pharmaceutical interventions
This paper discusses the issue of overriding the right of individual consent to participation in cluster randomised trials (CRTs). We focus on CRTs testing the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions. As an example, we consider school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Norway, a CRT was promoted as necessary for providing the best evidence to inform pandemic management policy. However, the proposal was rejected by the Norwegian Resear…
Formal Epistemology Meets Mechanism Design
This article connects recent work in formal epistemology to work in economics and computer science. Analysing the Dutch Book Arguments, Epistemic Utility Theory and Objective Bayesian Epistemology we discover that formal epistemologists employ the same argument structure as economists and computer scientists. Since similar approaches often have similar problems and have shared solutions, opportunities for cross-fertilisation abound
Fast Methods for Drug Approval
Public heath emergencies such as the outbreak of novel infectious diseases represent a major challenge for drug regulatory bodies, practitioners, and scientific communities. In such critical situations drug regulators and public health practitioners base their decisions on evidence generated and synthesised by scientists. The urgency and novelty of the situation create high levels of uncertainty concerning the safety and effectiveness of drugs. O…
Varieties of Error and Varieties of Evidence in Scientific Inference
According to the variety of evidence thesis items of evidence from independent lines of investigation are more confirmatory, ceteris paribus, than, for example, replications of analogous studies. This thesis is known to fail (Bovens and Hartmann; Claveau). However, the results obtained by Bovens and Hartmann only concern instruments whose evidence is either fully random or perfectly reliable; instead, for Claveau, unreliability is modelled as det…
Reliability
How we can reliably draw inferences from data, evidence and/or experience has been and continues to be a pressing question in everyday life, the sciences, politics and a number of branches in philosophy (traditional epistemology, social epistemology, formal epistemology, logic and philosophy of the sciences). In a world in which we can now longer fully rely on our experiences, interlocutors, measurement instruments, data collection and storage sy…
The variety of evidence thesis and its independence of degrees of independence
The intuitive Variety of Evidence Thesis states that, ceteris paribus, more varied evidence for a hypothesis confirms it more strongly than less varied evidence. Recent Bayesian analyses have raised serious doubts in its validity. Claveau suggests the existence of a novel type of counter-example to this thesis: a gradual increase in source independence can lead to a decrease in hypothesis confirmation. I show that Claveau’s measure of gradual sou…
On the Assessed Strength of Agents’ Bias
Recent work in social epistemology has shown that, in certain situations, less communication leads to better outcomes for epistemic groups. In this paper, we show that, ceteris paribus, a Bayesian agent may believe less strongly that a single agent is biased than that an entire group of independent agents is biased. We explain this initially surprising result and show that it is in fact a consequence one may conceive on the basis of commonsense r…
Evidence amalgamation in the sciences
The Principal Principle Implies the Principle of Indifference
We argue that David Lewis’s principal principle implies a version of the principle of indifference. The same is true for similar principles that need to appeal to the concept of admissibility. Such principles are thus in accord with objective Bayesianism, but in tension with subjective Bayesianism. 1 The Argument 2 Some Objections Met
London Quakers in the Trans-Atlantic World
Evolution and Rationality
This monograph is a collection of conference contributions chosen by the editors who led a three-year project on evolution, cooperation, and rationality. The collected works are held together by a six-page introduction identifying common strands and differences of positions in the different chapters. Since no two chapters have a common author, the chapters do not build on each other. Rather, they offer a variety of perspectives on a number of dif…
Feminism and the Internationals
Since the late 19th century, when Marxism achieved hegemony within the labor movement, the debate between feminists and socialists has turned on the Marxist formulation of the “woman problem.” Now socialist feminism proposes a reversal of roles — the problem to be considered is that of Marxism itself. Socialist feminism has made a final break with the vision of the women's movement as the ladies' auxiliary of the union, party, or council. It refu…
The Principal Principle Implies the Principle of Indifference
We argue that David Lewis’s principal principle implies a version of the principle of indifference. The same is true for similar principles that need to appeal to the concept of admissibility. Such principles are thus in accord with objective Bayesianism, but in tension with subjective Bayesianism. 1 The Argument 2 Some Objections Met
Varieties of Error and Varieties of Evidence in Scientific Inference
According to the variety of evidence thesis items of evidence from independent lines of investigation are more confirmatory, ceteris paribus, than, for example, replications of analogous studies. This thesis is known to fail (Bovens and Hartmann; Claveau). However, the results obtained by Bovens and Hartmann only concern instruments whose evidence is either fully random or perfectly reliable; instead, for Claveau, unreliability is modelled as det…
The variety of evidence thesis and its independence of degrees of independence
The intuitive Variety of Evidence Thesis states that, ceteris paribus, more varied evidence for a hypothesis confirms it more strongly than less varied evidence. Recent Bayesian analyses have raised serious doubts in its validity. Claveau suggests the existence of a novel type of counter-example to this thesis: a gradual increase in source independence can lead to a decrease in hypothesis confirmation. I show that Claveau’s measure of gradual sou…
Evidence amalgamation in the sciences
Reliability
How we can reliably draw inferences from data, evidence and/or experience has been and continues to be a pressing question in everyday life, the sciences, politics and a number of branches in philosophy (traditional epistemology, social epistemology, formal epistemology, logic and philosophy of the sciences). In a world in which we can now longer fully rely on our experiences, interlocutors, measurement instruments, data collection and storage sy…
Feminism and the Internationals
Since the late 19th century, when Marxism achieved hegemony within the labor movement, the debate between feminists and socialists has turned on the Marxist formulation of the “woman problem.” Now socialist feminism proposes a reversal of roles — the problem to be considered is that of Marxism itself. Socialist feminism has made a final break with the vision of the women's movement as the ladies' auxiliary of the union, party, or council. It refu…
Feminism and the Internationals
Since the late 19th century, when Marxism achieved hegemony within the labor movement, the debate between feminists and socialists has turned on the Marxist formulation of the “woman problem.” Now socialist feminism proposes a reversal of roles — the problem to be considered is that of Marxism itself. Socialist feminism has made a final break with the vision of the women's movement as the ladies' auxiliary of the union, party, or council. It refu…
Evolution and Rationality
This monograph is a collection of conference contributions chosen by the editors who led a three-year project on evolution, cooperation, and rationality. The collected works are held together by a six-page introduction identifying common strands and differences of positions in the different chapters. Since no two chapters have a common author, the chapters do not build on each other. Rather, they offer a variety of perspectives on a number of dif…
London Quakers in the Trans-Atlantic World
The Principal Principle Implies the Principle of Indifference
We argue that David Lewis’s principal principle implies a version of the principle of indifference. The same is true for similar principles that need to appeal to the concept of admissibility. Such principles are thus in accord with objective Bayesianism, but in tension with subjective Bayesianism. 1 The Argument 2 Some Objections Met
Evidence amalgamation in the sciences
On the Assessed Strength of Agents’ Bias
Recent work in social epistemology has shown that, in certain situations, less communication leads to better outcomes for epistemic groups. In this paper, we show that, ceteris paribus, a Bayesian agent may believe less strongly that a single agent is biased than that an entire group of independent agents is biased. We explain this initially surprising result and show that it is in fact a consequence one may conceive on the basis of commonsense r…
Reliability
How we can reliably draw inferences from data, evidence and/or experience has been and continues to be a pressing question in everyday life, the sciences, politics and a number of branches in philosophy (traditional epistemology, social epistemology, formal epistemology, logic and philosophy of the sciences). In a world in which we can now longer fully rely on our experiences, interlocutors, measurement instruments, data collection and storage sy…
The variety of evidence thesis and its independence of degrees of independence
The intuitive Variety of Evidence Thesis states that, ceteris paribus, more varied evidence for a hypothesis confirms it more strongly than less varied evidence. Recent Bayesian analyses have raised serious doubts in its validity. Claveau suggests the existence of a novel type of counter-example to this thesis: a gradual increase in source independence can lead to a decrease in hypothesis confirmation. I show that Claveau’s measure of gradual sou…
Formal Epistemology Meets Mechanism Design
This article connects recent work in formal epistemology to work in economics and computer science. Analysing the Dutch Book Arguments, Epistemic Utility Theory and Objective Bayesian Epistemology we discover that formal epistemologists employ the same argument structure as economists and computer scientists. Since similar approaches often have similar problems and have shared solutions, opportunities for cross-fertilisation abound
Fast Methods for Drug Approval
Public heath emergencies such as the outbreak of novel infectious diseases represent a major challenge for drug regulatory bodies, practitioners, and scientific communities. In such critical situations drug regulators and public health practitioners base their decisions on evidence generated and synthesised by scientists. The urgency and novelty of the situation create high levels of uncertainty concerning the safety and effectiveness of drugs. O…
Varieties of Error and Varieties of Evidence in Scientific Inference
According to the variety of evidence thesis items of evidence from independent lines of investigation are more confirmatory, ceteris paribus, than, for example, replications of analogous studies. This thesis is known to fail (Bovens and Hartmann; Claveau). However, the results obtained by Bovens and Hartmann only concern instruments whose evidence is either fully random or perfectly reliable; instead, for Claveau, unreliability is modelled as det…
Confirmation by Robustness Analysis
Some authors claim that minimal models have limited epistemic value (Fumagalli, 2016; Grüne-Yanoff, 2009a). Others defend the epistemic benefits of modelling by invoking the role of robustness analysis for hypothesis confirmation (see, e.g., Levins, 1966; Kuorikoski et al., 2010) but such arguments find much resistance (see, e.g., Odenbaugh & Alexandrova, 2011). In this paper, we offer a Bayesian rationalization and defence of the view that robus…
Individual consent in cluster randomised trials for non-pharmaceutical interventions
This paper discusses the issue of overriding the right of individual consent to participation in cluster randomised trials (CRTs). We focus on CRTs testing the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions. As an example, we consider school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Norway, a CRT was promoted as necessary for providing the best evidence to inform pandemic management policy. However, the proposal was rejected by the Norwegian Resear…
Discovering Maximum Entropy Knowledge
This paper seeks to determine a rational agent’s evidential constraints given her beliefs. Rationality is here construed as adherence to a principle of entropy maximisation. I determine the rational agent’s set of probability efunctions compatible with the evidence, $${\mathbb {E}}$$ E , given the maximum entropy function and given some constraints on the shape of $${\mathbb {E}}$$ E . I also consider agents employing a centre of mass approach to…
Computer Science (10 obras) · Epistemology (9 obras) · Philosophy (9 obras) · Mathematics (6 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (5 obras) · Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics (5 obras) · Law (5 obras) · Metaphysics (5 obras) · Philosophy of language (5 obras) · Philosophy of science (5 obras)