David M Hart
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 132223 |
|---|---|
| NOME | David M Hart |
| PRENOMES | David M |
| SOBRENOME | Hart |
| ASSINATURA | HART D M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | George Mason University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2573-5495 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 204 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1978 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Recent legislation in the United States
This Perspective sketches how recent legislation in the United States may impact the domestic and global energy and climate innovation systems, drawing on systems concepts articulated by Arnulf Grubler. It also sets out risks and gaps that could lead to less favorable outcomes
Forged Consensus
Social Class and State Power
Tribe and Society in Rural Morocco
An anthropological study of Berber society and particularly the Rifian tribes of Morocoo, a Muslim society. This book deals with the background of these tribes, their settlement in various areas and contemporary issues
Islam in Tribal Societies
A lively debate is currently being conducted in the social sciences around the concepts of "tribe", "segmentary societies" and "Islam in society". This wide-ranging collection by thirteen distinguished anthropologists contributes to the debate by examining various segmentary Islamic tribal societies from Morocco to Pakistan.
International Cooperation to Manage High‐Skill Migration
Highly skilled people are among the most valuable factors of production in the contemporary world economy. Some have characterized the competition among nations for these people as a “brain drain” or “war for talent,” which imposes significant costs on the countries of emigration. However, the distribution of costs and benefits that results from high‐skill migration is not necessarily zero‐sum or fixed. It may be altered through international coo…
The innovation imperative
The Politics of "Entrepreneurial" Economic Development Policy of States in the U.S
Entrepreneurial" economic development strategies at the state level in the United States, which focus on nurturing home-grown, high-growth businesses, lack immediate payoffs for politically powerful constituencies, a condition that would seem likely to limit their appeal compared to the alternative "locational" strategy of attracting large investments from elsewhere. Nonetheless, many U.S. states have added programs with entrepreneurial attribute…
Red, White, and “Big Blue”
This article describes the evolution of IBM's effort to manage its relationships with the U.S. government from the time that Thomas Watson, Jr. became CEO. While the Watson family controlled the firm, the family members served as the main bridges between IBM and the government. This personalized approach began to give way in the 1960s, as the intensity and scope of pressure from the firm's political environment grew beyond the capability of any i…
Managing the global talent pool
From “Ward of the State” to “Revolutionary Without a Movement”
This article traces the political development of the Control Data Corporation (CDC) and its founder and chief executive officer, William C. Norris, from the firm’s formation in 1957 until his departure from its leadership in 1986. Norris was entrepreneurial in his political strategy, taking large risks to pursue what he perceived to be large opportunities in such areas as antitrust, trade policy, and poverty alleviation. Indeed, his perceptions o…
"Business" Is Not an Interest Group
Individual companies are neglected in American politics scholarship, despite their empirical and normative significance. Interest group theory does not provide an adequate framework for understanding them. Neoclassical microeconomic theory has begun to be developed for political analysis, but its assumptions restrict the scope of its utility. Cyert & March's (1992) “behavioral theory of the firm” provides a more promising foundation, one that dov…
Muslim ritual models in two pre‐colonial Moroccan Berber societies
Westermarck was one of the finest ethnographers of Morocco, despite the prejudices of his time and his preferences for the local, not the great traditions of Islamic ritual. However, in dealing with the question of animal sacrifice he had concentrated on its role within the context of the immolation of a sheep in the ‘Ayd l‐Kbir, and thereby overlooked its role in the local contexts of shame compulsion and covenant amongst Rifian and wider Imazig…
Why Do Some Firms Give? Why Do Some Give a Lot
This article employs Heckman selection models to explore the determinants of corporate PAC formation and PAC size and how these determinants have changed over time. While the findings suggest that high-tech firms use PACs to seek rents from government, internal organizational politics influence their behavior as well. I also find that the effect of some independent variables, including firm size, susceptibility to regulation, and R&D spending, ch…
Persistence and change in names on the North African landscape
The issue is to determine just how much of, and to what degree, Ibn Khaldun's Berber genealogies, as well as those culled by his Arab historian predecessors, as they emerge in the de Slane translation of the Histoire des Berberes, have stood the test of time: for in most cases those groups whose names are still extant represent at present much smaller units which are often far removed spatially from their original and medieval namesakes. There is…
Forged Consensus
Journal Article Forged Consensus: Science, Technology, and Economic Policy in the United States, 1921–1953. By David M. Hart. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998 and American Science in an Age of Anxiety: Scientists, Anticommunism, and the Cold War. By Jessica Wang. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999 Get access Daniel Lee Kleinman Daniel Lee Kleinman Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other wor…
Tribalism
Right and left in the atlas mountains
Dual symbolic classification, notably the preference for right over left and for white over black, are common features of most Islamic societies. This article presents additional evidence of the prevalence of such classification in the Berber‐speaking mountain region of south‐central Morocco inhabited by tribes which for the most part practise sheep transhumance and which provide a rich symbolic harvest in terms of dichotomies, polarities and con…
Herbert Hoover's Last Laugh
State-building in America is a tortuous process. Policy entrepreneurs who seek to establish new state capacities face significant ideological and institutional constraints. These constraints often limit the scope of their entrepreneurship and typically force them to compromise or adapt their ideals to fit political circumstances. Yet, although its path of development has been convoluted, there is an American state and not a trivial one at that. I…
The penal code in the customary law of the Swasa of the Moroccan Western Atlas and Anti-Atlas
This article studies the various ’urf, or customary law documents found amongst the Swasa tribes of the Susu region of Southern Morocco, from the oldest of them ‐ the fifteenth century Ajarif ’urf‐ until the beginning of the Protectorate in 1912. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of homicide, given the prevalence of the feud in the region. The ’urf today is a dead letter, as it was first undermined by the shari'a during the nineteenth…
The Rgaybat
The Rgaybat tribal confederation of the Western Sahara region is the largest tribal group there. Despite their description of themselves as khamsa‐khmas there are actually many more clans than five and the confederation is basically split into two fractions. Although both claim a sharifian descent and Arab origins, there is significant evidence to show that at least one fraction has a clear Berber linguistic and social component and the typical B…
The Berber Dahir of 1930 in colonial Morocco
So much has already been written about the famous or infamous, depending upon one's point of view ‐ Berber Dahir, the decree (Arabic zahir) which was promulgated in 1930 by the French colonial administration in Morocco and made official through the signature, at its foot, of the sultan of that country, that it may at first appear both presumptuous and tiresome on our part to add more fuel to the flames of this cause célèbre, especially as the edi…
Berber names and substrata in Mauritania and the Western Sahara
Despite the fact that the Hassan tribes of Mauritania claim Arabic descent and disdain any connection with their Berber origins ‐ an attitude which is reinforced by their links with the Zwaya tribes ‐ Berber is the linguistic substratum of the area, both in terms of toponyms and anthroponyms. Although the Rgaybat and Awlad Dlim have managed to expunge much of their Berber origins in both respects, this is less true for the Takna confederacy and t…
Murder in the Market
This article focuses on the penal customary law of the Aith Waryaghar tribe of the Moroccan Rif in the immediate precolonial period during the two-plus decades prior to the emergence from their ranks of the former qādī bin ʿAbd al-Krim, the leader of the Rifian War of 1921-1926. In it are discussed the results of my fieldwork on the related subjects of alliance, bloodfeud and vendetta in the region, with particular attention to the enormous ḥaqq …
Berber tribal alliance networks in pre-colonial North Africa
Robert Montagne is justly recognised as one of the best sociologists of the colonial period in Morocco, particularly for his work on southern Moroccan Berber society. However, his views on one aspect of social organisation, the liff alliance network (known as the saff in Tunisia and Algeria) seem to be incorrect. Unlike segmentary tribal structures, from which the liff was distinct, the alliance network was based on a dualism of opposition. They …
"Business" Is Not an Interest Group
Individual companies are neglected in American politics scholarship, despite their empirical and normative significance. Interest group theory does not provide an adequate framework for understanding them. Neoclassical microeconomic theory has begun to be developed for political analysis, but its assumptions restrict the scope of its utility. Cyert & March's (1992) “behavioral theory of the firm” provides a more promising foundation, one that dov…
Why Do Some Firms Give? Why Do Some Give a Lot
This article employs Heckman selection models to explore the determinants of corporate PAC formation and PAC size and how these determinants have changed over time. While the findings suggest that high-tech firms use PACs to seek rents from government, internal organizational politics influence their behavior as well. I also find that the effect of some independent variables, including firm size, susceptibility to regulation, and R&D spending, ch…
The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif
Scientific Elites and the Making of US Policy for Climate Change Research, 1957-74
This paper presents a case study of the role of scientific élites in mediating between science and politics, securing support for research and shaping the interests of the rank and file. We apply a `garbage can' model, which posits that science, policy and politics typically evolve in separate, unconnected streams, each with its own momentum. In this model, élites may act strategically as `policy entrepreneurs' to take advantage of occasional tem…
The Berber Dahir of 1930 in colonial Morocco
So much has already been written about the famous or infamous, depending upon one's point of view ‐ Berber Dahir, the decree (Arabic zahir) which was promulgated in 1930 by the French colonial administration in Morocco and made official through the signature, at its foot, of the sultan of that country, that it may at first appear both presumptuous and tiresome on our part to add more fuel to the flames of this cause célèbre, especially as the edi…
The Rgaybat
The Rgaybat tribal confederation of the Western Sahara region is the largest tribal group there. Despite their description of themselves as khamsa‐khmas there are actually many more clans than five and the confederation is basically split into two fractions. Although both claim a sharifian descent and Arab origins, there is significant evidence to show that at least one fraction has a clear Berber linguistic and social component and the typical B…
Berber tribal alliance networks in pre-colonial North Africa
Robert Montagne is justly recognised as one of the best sociologists of the colonial period in Morocco, particularly for his work on southern Moroccan Berber society. However, his views on one aspect of social organisation, the liff alliance network (known as the saff in Tunisia and Algeria) seem to be incorrect. Unlike segmentary tribal structures, from which the liff was distinct, the alliance network was based on a dualism of opposition. They …
Rejoinder to Henry Munson, Jr., “On the Irrelevance of the Segmentary Lineage Model in the Moroccan Rif”
Tribe and Society in Rural Morocco
An anthropological study of Berber society and particularly the Rifian tribes of Morocoo, a Muslim society. This book deals with the background of these tribes, their settlement in various areas and contemporary issues
Tribalism
The penal code in the customary law of the Swasa of the Moroccan Western Atlas and Anti-Atlas
This article studies the various ’urf, or customary law documents found amongst the Swasa tribes of the Susu region of Southern Morocco, from the oldest of them ‐ the fifteenth century Ajarif ’urf‐ until the beginning of the Protectorate in 1912. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of homicide, given the prevalence of the feud in the region. The ’urf today is a dead letter, as it was first undermined by the shari'a during the nineteenth…
The Politics of "Entrepreneurial" Economic Development Policy of States in the U.S
Entrepreneurial" economic development strategies at the state level in the United States, which focus on nurturing home-grown, high-growth businesses, lack immediate payoffs for politically powerful constituencies, a condition that would seem likely to limit their appeal compared to the alternative "locational" strategy of attracting large investments from elsewhere. Nonetheless, many U.S. states have added programs with entrepreneurial attribute…
Red, White, and “Big Blue”
This article describes the evolution of IBM's effort to manage its relationships with the U.S. government from the time that Thomas Watson, Jr. became CEO. While the Watson family controlled the firm, the family members served as the main bridges between IBM and the government. This personalized approach began to give way in the 1960s, as the intensity and scope of pressure from the firm's political environment grew beyond the capability of any i…
Right and left in the atlas mountains
Dual symbolic classification, notably the preference for right over left and for white over black, are common features of most Islamic societies. This article presents additional evidence of the prevalence of such classification in the Berber‐speaking mountain region of south‐central Morocco inhabited by tribes which for the most part practise sheep transhumance and which provide a rich symbolic harvest in terms of dichotomies, polarities and con…
International Cooperation to Manage High‐Skill Migration
Highly skilled people are among the most valuable factors of production in the contemporary world economy. Some have characterized the competition among nations for these people as a “brain drain” or “war for talent,” which imposes significant costs on the countries of emigration. However, the distribution of costs and benefits that results from high‐skill migration is not necessarily zero‐sum or fixed. It may be altered through international coo…
Managing the global talent pool
Muslim ritual models in two pre‐colonial Moroccan Berber societies
Westermarck was one of the finest ethnographers of Morocco, despite the prejudices of his time and his preferences for the local, not the great traditions of Islamic ritual. However, in dealing with the question of animal sacrifice he had concentrated on its role within the context of the immolation of a sheep in the ‘Ayd l‐Kbir, and thereby overlooked its role in the local contexts of shame compulsion and covenant amongst Rifian and wider Imazig…
Persistence and change in names on the North African landscape
The issue is to determine just how much of, and to what degree, Ibn Khaldun's Berber genealogies, as well as those culled by his Arab historian predecessors, as they emerge in the de Slane translation of the Histoire des Berberes, have stood the test of time: for in most cases those groups whose names are still extant represent at present much smaller units which are often far removed spatially from their original and medieval namesakes. There is…
Berber names and substrata in Mauritania and the Western Sahara
Despite the fact that the Hassan tribes of Mauritania claim Arabic descent and disdain any connection with their Berber origins ‐ an attitude which is reinforced by their links with the Zwaya tribes ‐ Berber is the linguistic substratum of the area, both in terms of toponyms and anthroponyms. Although the Rgaybat and Awlad Dlim have managed to expunge much of their Berber origins in both respects, this is less true for the Takna confederacy and t…
Murder in the Market
This article focuses on the penal customary law of the Aith Waryaghar tribe of the Moroccan Rif in the immediate precolonial period during the two-plus decades prior to the emergence from their ranks of the former qādī bin ʿAbd al-Krim, the leader of the Rifian War of 1921-1926. In it are discussed the results of my fieldwork on the related subjects of alliance, bloodfeud and vendetta in the region, with particular attention to the enormous ḥaqq …
Faulty models of North African and Middle Eastern tribal structures
Hart David Montgomery. Faulty models of North African and Middle Eastern tribal structures. In: Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°68-69, 1993. Etats modernes, nationalismes et islamismes, sous la direction de Pierre Robert Baduel . pp. 225-238
Benjamin Kilborne. Interprétations du Rêve au Maroc, Bibliothèque d’Ethno-Psychiatria, editor Georges Devereux. Paris
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The Aith Waryagher of the Moroccan Rif
The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif
B. Review article
There are two works which are tailor‐made for a short ‘double‐barrelled’ review article. They are: (a) Akbar S.Ahmed, Millennium and Charisma among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology (London, Henley and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1976), pp.173 (price not indicated, but around £4.50); (b) idem, Pukhtun Economy and Society: Traditional Structure and Economic Development in a Tribal Society (London, Henley and Boston: Rout…
A. Reviews
i. Syria and the Lebanese Crisis. By Adeed Dawisha. London, Macmillan, 1980. pp.xii, 208. £15.00. ii. Geographical Changes in the Traditional Arab Villages in Northern Israel. By Y.Bar Gal and A.Soffer. Durham University, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (Occasional Papers Series, No.9). 1981. pp. 88, 20 figs.,10 plates, 13 tables. iii. Moroccan Peasants: A Century of Change in the Eastern Rif 1870–1970. By David Seddon. Folkestone (…
B. Reviews
EUROPE'S FUTURE IN THE ARAB VIEW. Edited by Dieter Beilenstein. (Paper of the Institute for International Relations, No.7), Saarbrücken, Breitenbach, 1981. pp.163. A CHANGING IMAGE: AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF THE ARAB‐ISRAELI DISPUTE. By Richard H. Curtiss. Washing D.C., American Educational Trust, 1982. THE BATTLE OF BEIRUT: WHY ISRAEL INVADED LEBANON. By Michael Jensen. London, Zed Press, 1982. FIRE OF ISLAM. By Desmond Meiring. London, Wildwood H…
B. Reviews
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ARABIC LITERATURE. Volume 1: Arabic Literature to the End of the Unayyad Period. Edited by A.F.L. Beeston, T.M.Johnstone, R.B.Serjeant and G.R.Smith, pp.xvi, 547. Cambridge University Press, 1983. £37.95. AL‐MAQRIZI'S “BOOK OF CONTENTION AND STRIFE CONCERNING THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BANU UMAYYA AND THE BANU HASHIM”. Translated into English, with an introduction and commentary by C.E.Bosworth. (Journal of Semitic Studies…
B. Reviews
i. ISLAM IN THE WORLD. By Malise Ruthven. London, Penguin Books, 1984. pp.400. £3.95. ii. ISLAM IN FOREIGN POLICY. Edited by Adeed Dawisha, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press in Association with Chatham House, 1983. pp.181 and index. £17.50. iii. BAHA'U'LLAH: THE KING OF GLORY. By Hasan Balyuzi. Oxford, George Ronald, 1980. pp.539 with photographs and 1 colour plate. £9.00. iv. THE GREAT ANATOLIAN REBELLION, 1000/1591–1611. By William J. Grisw…
Islam in Tribal Society
Islamic Law and Society in the Sudan
B. Reviews
KINGS AND BEDOUINS IN THE PALACE OF ALEPPO AS REFLECTED IN MA'ARRI'S WORKS. By Pieter Smoor. (Journal of Semitic Studies, Monograph No.8.) Manchester, University of Manchester, 1985. xii, 255pp., map. £14.00. A COUNTRY WITH A GOVERNMENT AND A FLAG: THE RIF WAR IN MOROCCO 1921–1926. By C.R. Pennell. London, Menas Press, 1986. 274pp., maps, photographs. NIMEIRI AND THE REVOLUTION OF DIS‐MAY. By Mansour Khalid. London, KPI, 1985. pp.409. THIS IS OMA…
B. Reviews
A. Review article
B. Reviews
AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM. By GERHARD ENDRESS. Translated by CAROLE HILLENBRAND. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1988. ix + 293pp. H/B £29.95, P/B £9.50. A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC SOCIETIES. By IRA M. LAPIDUS. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988. 1002pp. £35.00. THE GREAT POWERS AND THE MIDDLE EAST 1919–1939. Edited by URIEL DANN. (Collected Papers Series of the Dayan Centre for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University.) N…
Rejoinder to Henry Munson, Jr., “On the Irrelevance of the Segmentary Lineage Model in the Moroccan Rif”
Banditry in Islam
A. Reviews
JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES, Vol. 1. Edited by ATHANASIUS TH. PHOTOPOULOS. Athens, 1989. viii, 245 pp. RELIGION AND SOCIETY IN ARAB SIND. By BERRYL N. MACLEAN. (Monographs and Theoretical Studies in Sociology and Anthropology in Honour of Nels Anderson, 25.) Leiden, Brill, 1989. x, 191pp. Hf1.75‐/$37.50. AN ARAB‐SYRIAN GENTLEMAN AND WARRIOR IN THE PERIOD OF THE CRUSADES: MEMOIRS OF USAMAH IBN‐MUNQIDH. Translated by PHILIP K. HITTI. Co…
B. Reviews
A HISTORY OF THE ARAB PEOPLES. By ALBERT HOURANI. London, Faber and Faber, 1991. xviii, 551pp. £25 (hb). STUDIES IN ARAB HISTORY. Edited by DEREK HOPWOOD. (St.Antony's/Macmillan series.) London, Macmillan, 1990. 189pp. 5 plates and 3 figures. A HISTORY OF THE SELJUKS: İBRAHIM KAFESOGLU'S INTERPRETATION AND THE RESULTING CONTROVERSY. Translated and edited By GARY LEISER. Carbondale and Edwardsville, Southern Illinois University Press, 1988. 208pp.…
B. Reviews
MAPAS, PLANOS Y FORTIFICACIONES HISPANICOS DE TUNEZ (S. XVI‐XIX)/ CARTES, PLANS ET FORTIFICATIONS HISPANIQUES DE LA TUNISIE (XVIe‐XIXe S.). By JUAN Bta. VILAR. 488pp. Text in Spanish; Table of Contents, Preface and Introduction in Spanish and French. Madrid, Instituto de Cooperacion con el Mundo Arabe, 1991. Ca. ptas. 7.000
B. Reviews
EARLY ISLAM: COLLECTED ARTICLES. By W. MONTGOMERY WATT. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1990. xi, 207pp. THE KINGDOM OF CYPRUS AND THE CRUSADES 1191–1374. By PETER W. EDBURY. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991. xvi, 241 pp. £27.50 (hb). MAMLOUKS, OTTOMANS ET PORTUGAIS EN MER ROUGE: L'AFFAIRE DE DJEDDA EN 1517. By JEAN‐LOUIS BACQUE‐GRAMMONT & ANNE KR(ELL. (Supplément aux Annales islamologiques, Cahier no.12). Le Caire, Publication …
B. Reviews and notes
LE MONDE ARABE ET MUSULMAN AU MIROIR DE L'UNIVERSITE FRANÇAISE: REPERTOIRE DES THESES SOUTENUES DANS LES UNIVER‐SITES FRANÇAISES, EN SCIENCES DE L'HOMME ET DE LA SOCIETE, SUR LE MONDE ARABE ET MUSULMAN (1973–1987). By MARIE BURGAT, DANIELLE BRUCHET, JACQUELINE QUILET [& others]. Aix‐en‐Provençe, Institut de Recherche et d'Etudes sur le Monde Arabe et Musulman, 1989–92. 4 vols. MAPAS, PLANOS Y FORTIFICACIONES HISPANICOS DE MARRUECOS (S.XVI‐XX)/CAR…
Faulty models of North African and Middle Eastern tribal structures
Hart David Montgomery. Faulty models of North African and Middle Eastern tribal structures. In: Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°68-69, 1993. Etats modernes, nationalismes et islamismes, sous la direction de Pierre Robert Baduel . pp. 225-238
Scientific Elites and the Making of US Policy for Climate Change Research, 1957-74
This paper presents a case study of the role of scientific élites in mediating between science and politics, securing support for research and shaping the interests of the rank and file. We apply a `garbage can' model, which posits that science, policy and politics typically evolve in separate, unconnected streams, each with its own momentum. In this model, élites may act strategically as `policy entrepreneurs' to take advantage of occasional tem…
Murder in the Market
This article focuses on the penal customary law of the Aith Waryaghar tribe of the Moroccan Rif in the immediate precolonial period during the two-plus decades prior to the emergence from their ranks of the former qādī bin ʿAbd al-Krim, the leader of the Rifian War of 1921-1926. In it are discussed the results of my fieldwork on the related subjects of alliance, bloodfeud and vendetta in the region, with particular attention to the enormous ḥaqq …
Berber tribal alliance networks in pre-colonial North Africa
Robert Montagne is justly recognised as one of the best sociologists of the colonial period in Morocco, particularly for his work on southern Moroccan Berber society. However, his views on one aspect of social organisation, the liff alliance network (known as the saff in Tunisia and Algeria) seem to be incorrect. Unlike segmentary tribal structures, from which the liff was distinct, the alliance network was based on a dualism of opposition. They …
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