Kay Bussey
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 1584465 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Kay Bussey |
| PRENOMES | Kay |
| SOBRENOME | Bussey |
| ASSINATURA | BUSSEY K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Macquarie University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6806-0892 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 284 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Development of digital empathy
The Association Between Child Maltreatment and Moral Disengagement
Moral disengagement is a psychological process that enables individuals to distance themselves from their moral standards and justify unethical behavior. A growing body of empirical evidence has documented associations between child maltreatment and elevated levels of moral disengagement. However, a substantial degree of inconsistency has been identified within the extant empirical literature regarding the magnitude of this relationship. This met…
Redshirting for Remediation or Advantage? Which Australian Families Delay Children's School Entry and Why
Redshirting, in which children are held back from entering school until their second year of eligibility, is increasingly common. Parents’ perceptions of school readiness may explain this trend but have not been investigated in relation to financial and other explanations. The aim of this study was to determine why parents choose to redshirt. Participants included 226 Australian parents whose preschool-age children were eligible to attend school …
Importance of transgender nuances in research and advocacy
In their responses to our paper ‘Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a “true” gender?’ ( The British Journal of Psychology , 2024, 115 , 723), Tate (2025) and Morgenroth (2025) provide reflections on the importance of nuance when researching gender and in transgender advocacy. In this reply, I note where this paper is situated in the literature and engage in a discussion of the role of definitions in transgender advo…
Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Influence of Parenting Practices on Children's Antisocial Lie‐Telling
Research suggests that the fear of harsh punishment from parents encourages children's antisocial lie‐telling as they attempt to avoid the punishment for their transgressions. In contrast, warm and supportive parenting practices foster internalization of moral rules and norms and an ability to resist the temptation, so children have no need to lie to conceal it. This study aimed to examine short‐term (cross‐sectional) and longer‐term (longitudina…
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Digital Communication Empathy Scale (DCES)
The role of moral disengagement in youth bullying behaviour
Moral disengagement, a term coined by Bandura, explains how people can hurt others and behave immorally, contradicting their beliefs and values and yet live peaceably with themselves. He developed a conceptual model of moral disengagement based on the Social Cognitive Theory of moral agency. By activating moral disengagement mechanisms, people can disregard their moral standards and behave immorally without any self‐censure. This paper synthesise…
Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology
Psychological research has acknowledged that the commonly accepted definitions of 'transgender', 'sex' and 'gender' within psychological research have resulted in limitations in accounting for the lived realities of transgender individuals. Such limitations include, but are not limited to, the continued pathologization of transgender experiences through idealizing sex and gender congruence and incapacity to account for non-normative and non-binar…
Pressure, preoccupation, and porn
An exploration of how adolescents experience and reason their parents' comments on their weight, shape, and eating
INTRODUCTION: Disordered eating among adolescents is of increasing concern given associated physical and mental health sequelae. Cognitions underlying disordered eating are formed in childhood and adolescence. Parents are a significant presence during this period, so it is critical to understand how they influence their adolescent's eating cognitions and behaviors. METHODS: Qualitative analysis using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)…
Moral disengagement in youth
Moral disengagement enables individuals to enact behavior contrary to their moral standards without remorse. Although associations between moral disengagement and transgressions are widely studied, the process occurs in the context of personal and environmental factors that may increase or suppress its enlistment. Understanding potential moderators provide insight into how moral disengagement enables transgressions, and offers possible areas of i…
The contribution of social cognitive theory to school bullying research and practice
This tribute to Albert Bandura shows how his lifetime of work on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) has contributed to a greater understanding of school bullying. Managing children and adolescents' problematic behavior is a major challenge for schools with reducing bullying a priority. Here, the principles of SCT relevant to school bullying are outlined within the triadic reciprocal model proposed by Bandura. In this model, bullying behavior is determ…
Mediating role of moral disengagement in the perpetration of cyberbullying by victims and bystanders
INTRODUCTION: Proliferation of internet use in adolescence has resulted in an increase in cyberbullying. Previous experiences of cyber victimization and cyber bystanding are commonly linked with cyberbullying perpetration, allowing the bullying cycle to persist. Moral disengagement is one factor that may facilitate victims and bystanders to later perpetrate cyberbullying. The process occurs through enlistment of justificatory strategies to enable…
The Impact of Teasing and Bullying Victimization on Disordered Eating and Body Image Disturbance Among Adolescents
Adolescence is a developmental period in which disordered eating and negative body image are highly prevalent, yet their risk factors are insufficiently understood and targeted. Despite research implicating both teasing and bullying victimization in the development of eating disorders, these strands of research are yet to be integrated. This systematic review hence aimed to identify whether teasing and bullying victimization are associated with g…
Mind the Gap
Introduction Characterised by both exploration and engagement in risky behaviours, late adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods of particular vulnerability to dysregulated behaviours. One such behaviour less well explored is that of problematic Internet pornography (IP) viewing, despite viewing explicit online material becoming increasingly pervasive and normative. Method In 2020, 385 (270 females, 110 males) Australian undergraduate stude…
Broadening gender self‐categorization development to include transgender identities
Research on gender in psychology has increasingly affirmed diversity in gender, with recognition of binary and nonbinary transgender experiences. However, gender has been presumed to be cisgender (congruent with sex) and binary (either male or female) in classical developmental theories. In response, this review engages in a critical analysis of classical gender development theory informed by findings about gender from research on transgender ide…
I Can Construct It in My Own Way’
Gender self-categorisation is used to communicate a gender group membership in daily life and is recognised across research as an important facet of an individual’s identity. However, understandings of the psychological processes associated with gender self-categorisation have, historically, been restricted by binary, cisgender assumptions. This study qualitatively examined the processes associated with gender self-categorisation in a sample of t…
Longitudinal Links of Individual and Collective Morality with Adolescents’ Peer Aggression
Adolescents’ aggressive behavior has been often linked to biases in morality. However, limited knowledge is available regarding the relative strength of different moral correlates, both at the individual and class-level, in predicting different types of aggressive behavior over time. To address this gap, the present study tested the prospective associations of moral identity and moral disengagement with reactive and proactive aggression in a shor…
Sexuality, gender and culturally diverse interpretations of cyberbullying
The cyberbullying field has quickly expanded in the past 20 years and especially includes strong emphases on diverse and marginal youth groups. However, the field’s literature defines cyberbullying in widely diverging ways while lacking consideration of how diverse youth groups themselves define and apply the term cyberbullying. This article aimed to consider how culturally, sexuality and gender-diverse youth understandings, experiences and inter…
Encouraging Gender Conformity or Sanctioning Nonconformity? Felt Pressure from Parents, Peers, and the Self
The role of self-efficacy in defending cyberbullying victims
Defending victims of cyberbullying
Under Pressure
Combining whole‐school and targeted programs for the reduction of bullying victimization
Despite the extensive evaluation of school‐based interventions for bullying, victimization remains a significant problem in schools. Bullying victimization is significantly predicted by contextual (school‐related) factors. As a consequence whole‐school programs have been commonly used to prevent and reduce bullying victimization. Evidence also points to individual risk factors (such as emotional distress) in predicting victimization, yet programs…
Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation
The social learning theory of sex differences
Fathers as ‘core business’ in child welfare practice and research
Influence of gender constancy and social power on sex-linked modeling
Same-sex imitation
A meta‐analysis of the relationship between moral disengagement and bullying roles in youth
Over the last several years, researchers have become increasingly interested in the influence of moral factors on bullying behaviors. This is the first meta‐analytic review to exclusively examine the relationship between moral disengagement (MD) and the key bullying roles of bully, victim, defender, and bystander. Forty‐seven independent samples examining a total of 43,809 children/adolescents (aged 7–19) were included in this meta‐analysis. Resu…
Individual and collective social cognitive influences on peer aggression
This follow‐up study with 1,167 primarily White adolescents (aged 13.45 years at T1, 613 females) examined the impact of self‐efficacy for aggression, moral disengagement, and collective efficacy beliefs on peer aggression in schools. Students completed questionnaire measures at the beginning and end of the school year (8 months apart). High aggression efficacy and moral disengagement scores predicted higher frequency of peer aggression over time…
Under Pressure
The impact of victims' responses on teacher reactions to bullying
The Longitudinal Influence of Self‐Efficacy, Communication, and Parenting on Spontaneous Adolescent Disclosure
This study involving 463 adolescents examined the impact of parent, teen, and parent–teen interaction processes on spontaneous disclosure to mothers. High openness in communication and stronger disclosure self‐efficacy beliefs were associated with more disclosure at follow‐up. Although a positive relationship was also found for maternal warmth/responsiveness when it was considered together with other parenting attributes, its unique contribution …
The Role of Perceived Friendship Self‐efficacy as a Protective Factor against the Negative Effects of Social Victimization
This study examined perceived friendship self‐efficacy as a protective factor against the negative effects associated with social victimization in adolescents. The sample consisted of 1218 participants (557 males, age range 12–17 years). Perceived friendship self‐efficacy was associated with lower internalizing scores irrespective of adolescents' social victimization level and with lower externalizing scores at low, but not high, levels of social…
Peer Victimization and Psychological Maladjustment
Not all children exposed to peer victimization experience the same type or the same degree of negative outcomes; there is heterogeneity in outcomes. This study examined coping self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between peer victimization and psychological maladjustment in order to gain an understanding of this heterogeneity in children's responses to victimization. In this study, 2,161 children (1,071 females and 1,090 males), rangin…
The contribution of social cognitive theory to school bullying research and practice
This tribute to Albert Bandura shows how his lifetime of work on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) has contributed to a greater understanding of school bullying. Managing children and adolescents' problematic behavior is a major challenge for schools with reducing bullying a priority. Here, the principles of SCT relevant to school bullying are outlined within the triadic reciprocal model proposed by Bandura. In this model, bullying behavior is determ…
Moral Disengagement of Pure Bullies and Bully/Victims
Stereotype Threat Reduces Motivation to Improve
According to stereotype threat theory, negative stereotypes impair performance and can lead to reduced motivation. In the present study, we examined whether the female-mathematics stereotype not only impairs women’s performance but also buffers their self-esteem from negative feedback and reduces their motivation to improve. Before completing a mathematics test, 80 (54 female) participants were informed either that men outperform women on the tes…
On Broadening the Cognitive, Motivational, and Sociostructural Scope of Theorizing About Gender Development and Functioning
In their article on gender development, C. L. Martin, D. N. Ruble, and J. Szkrybalo (see record 2002-18663-003) contrasted their conception of gender development with that of social cognitive theory. The authors of this commentary correct misrepresentations of social cognitive theory and analyze the conceptual and empirical status of Martin et al.'s (2002) theory that gender stereotype matching is the main motivating force of gender development. …
I Can Construct It in My Own Way’
Gender self-categorisation is used to communicate a gender group membership in daily life and is recognised across research as an important facet of an individual’s identity. However, understandings of the psychological processes associated with gender self-categorisation have, historically, been restricted by binary, cisgender assumptions. This study qualitatively examined the processes associated with gender self-categorisation in a sample of t…
Gender differences in moral reasoning
Explored the possibility that socialization into different sex roles for men and women may contribute to the observed sex difference in moral development. 40 undergraduates were classified as either masculine, feminine, or androgynous according to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and were administered the
Are all fathers in child protection families uncommitted, uninvolved and unable to change
Longitudinal Links of Individual and Collective Morality with Adolescents’ Peer Aggression
Adolescents’ aggressive behavior has been often linked to biases in morality. However, limited knowledge is available regarding the relative strength of different moral correlates, both at the individual and class-level, in predicting different types of aggressive behavior over time. To address this gap, the present study tested the prospective associations of moral identity and moral disengagement with reactive and proactive aggression in a shor…
Sharing reinforcement contingencies with a model
Tested the hypothesis that the degree to which an observer and model are subject to similar reinforcement contingencies is a potent determinant of imitation. In Exp I, 128 3rd graders participated in a premodeling phase in which the correspondence between the consequences received by them and an adult for performing similar and diverse responses was manipulated. Ss then watched the model perform new responses that incurred reward, punishment, or …
Mind the Gap
Introduction Characterised by both exploration and engagement in risky behaviours, late adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods of particular vulnerability to dysregulated behaviours. One such behaviour less well explored is that of problematic Internet pornography (IP) viewing, despite viewing explicit online material becoming increasingly pervasive and normative. Method In 2020, 385 (270 females, 110 males) Australian undergraduate stude…
Encouraging Gender Conformity or Sanctioning Nonconformity? Felt Pressure from Parents, Peers, and the Self
Factors infuencing the imitation of resistance to deviation
128 male 3rd-6th graders in a lower-class school were assigned to 16 cells in a 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 design involving (a) modeling of resistance to deviation, (b) modeling of an alternative activity incompatible with deviation, (c) availability of the alternative activity during test, and (d) attractiveness of the alternative activity Ss exposed to a peer model who resisted deviation exhibited greater response inhibition than those exposed to a model wh…
Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology
Psychological research has acknowledged that the commonly accepted definitions of 'transgender', 'sex' and 'gender' within psychological research have resulted in limitations in accounting for the lived realities of transgender individuals. Such limitations include, but are not limited to, the continued pathologization of transgender experiences through idealizing sex and gender congruence and incapacity to account for non-normative and non-binar…
Broadening gender self‐categorization development to include transgender identities
Research on gender in psychology has increasingly affirmed diversity in gender, with recognition of binary and nonbinary transgender experiences. However, gender has been presumed to be cisgender (congruent with sex) and binary (either male or female) in classical developmental theories. In response, this review engages in a critical analysis of classical gender development theory informed by findings about gender from research on transgender ide…
Factors infuencing the imitation of resistance to deviation
128 male 3rd-6th graders in a lower-class school were assigned to 16 cells in a 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 design involving (a) modeling of resistance to deviation, (b) modeling of an alternative activity incompatible with deviation, (c) availability of the alternative activity during test, and (d) attractiveness of the alternative activity Ss exposed to a peer model who resisted deviation exhibited greater response inhibition than those exposed to a model wh…
Sharing reinforcement contingencies with a model
Tested the hypothesis that the degree to which an observer and model are subject to similar reinforcement contingencies is a potent determinant of imitation. In Exp I, 128 3rd graders participated in a premodeling phase in which the correspondence between the consequences received by them and an adult for performing similar and diverse responses was manipulated. Ss then watched the model perform new responses that incurred reward, punishment, or …
The imitation of resistance to deviation
Argues that previous studies on the imitation of resistance to deviation have confounded exposure to a model who resists temptation with other variables that might influence children's response inhibition. The present experiment sought to clarify the results of previous studies by independently manipulating and assessing the effects of 3 variables hypothesized to influence children's resistance to temptation: (a) modeling of resistance to deviati…
The social learning theory of sex differences
Same-sex imitation
Gender differences in moral reasoning
Explored the possibility that socialization into different sex roles for men and women may contribute to the observed sex difference in moral development. 40 undergraduates were classified as either masculine, feminine, or androgynous according to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and were administered the
Influence of gender constancy and social power on sex-linked modeling
Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse
The purpose of this paper is to highlight issues that future researchers must deal with to better understand child sexual abuse from the perspective of children. Research specifically directed at children's perceptions of the abuse is limited. Instead, most of the current literature in the area is based on clinical studies of abused children and on retrospective reports of adults who were abused as children. It is argued that the effects of the a…
Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse Accurate and Truthful Disclosures, False Allegations, and False Denials
(1995). Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse Accurate and Truthful Disclosures, False Allegations, and False Denials. Current Issues in Criminal Justice: Vol. 7, Special Issue on Child Abuse, pp. 176-192
Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation.
Human differentiation on the basis of gender is a fundamental phenomenon that affects virtually every aspect of people's daily lives. This article presents the social cognitive theory of gender role development and functioning. It specifies how gender conceptions are constructed from the complex mix of experiences and how they operate in concert with motivational and self-regulatory mechanisms to guide gender-linked conduct throughout the life co…
On Broadening the Cognitive, Motivational, and Sociostructural Scope of Theorizing About Gender Development and Functioning
In their article on gender development, C. L. Martin, D. N. Ruble, and J. Szkrybalo (see record 2002-18663-003) contrasted their conception of gender development with that of social cognitive theory. The authors of this commentary correct misrepresentations of social cognitive theory and analyze the conceptual and empirical status of Martin et al.'s (2002) theory that gender stereotype matching is the main motivating force of gender development. …
Peer Victimization and Psychological Maladjustment
Not all children exposed to peer victimization experience the same type or the same degree of negative outcomes; there is heterogeneity in outcomes. This study examined coping self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationship between peer victimization and psychological maladjustment in order to gain an understanding of this heterogeneity in children's responses to victimization. In this study, 2,161 children (1,071 females and 1,090 males), rangin…
Gender Identity Development
Predictors of student defenders of peer aggression victims
Despite wide recognition of the important role of student bystanders in influencing peer aggression in schools, little is currently known about what influences students to intervene in defense of peer aggression victims. This longitudinal study involving 1,167 primarily white adolescents (aged 12—15 years, 613 females) investigated the role of social cognitive factors and empathy as predictors of students defending victims of peer aggression. Hig…
The development of the Social Bullying Involvement Scales
This study reports findings of a newly developed measure of social bullying based on Underwood's [2003] framework of social aggression. The Social Bullying Involvement Scales (SBIS) consist of four scales measuring the extent to which children experience social victimization, engage in social bullying, witness social bullying, and intervene in social bullying. The sample consisted of 636 participants (311 females and 325 males, age range 11–16 ye…
Individual and collective social cognitive influences on peer aggression
This follow‐up study with 1,167 primarily White adolescents (aged 13.45 years at T1, 613 females) examined the impact of self‐efficacy for aggression, moral disengagement, and collective efficacy beliefs on peer aggression in schools. Students completed questionnaire measures at the beginning and end of the school year (8 months apart). High aggression efficacy and moral disengagement scores predicted higher frequency of peer aggression over time…
The Role of Perceived Friendship Self‐efficacy as a Protective Factor against the Negative Effects of Social Victimization
This study examined perceived friendship self‐efficacy as a protective factor against the negative effects associated with social victimization in adolescents. The sample consisted of 1218 participants (557 males, age range 12–17 years). Perceived friendship self‐efficacy was associated with lower internalizing scores irrespective of adolescents' social victimization level and with lower externalizing scores at low, but not high, levels of social…
Stereotype Threat Reduces Motivation to Improve
According to stereotype threat theory, negative stereotypes impair performance and can lead to reduced motivation. In the present study, we examined whether the female-mathematics stereotype not only impairs women’s performance but also buffers their self-esteem from negative feedback and reduces their motivation to improve. Before completing a mathematics test, 80 (54 female) participants were informed either that men outperform women on the tes…
Fathers as ‘core business’ in child welfare practice and research
The Longitudinal Influence of Self‐Efficacy, Communication, and Parenting on Spontaneous Adolescent Disclosure
This study involving 463 adolescents examined the impact of parent, teen, and parent–teen interaction processes on spontaneous disclosure to mothers. High openness in communication and stronger disclosure self‐efficacy beliefs were associated with more disclosure at follow‐up. Although a positive relationship was also found for maternal warmth/responsiveness when it was considered together with other parenting attributes, its unique contribution …
Are all fathers in child protection families uncommitted, uninvolved and unable to change
Child protection fathers' experiences of childhood, intimate partner violence and parenting
The Role of Individual and Collective Moral Disengagement in Peer Aggression and Bystanding
The Role of Moral Disengagement and Self-Efficacy in Cyberbullying
This study examines the association between moral disengagement and cyberbullying using a measure of moral disengagement tailored to cyberbullying. It also examines adolescents’ self-beliefs in their competence to engage in cyberbullying (cyberbullying self-efficacy beliefs) and how these beliefs may moderate the relation between moral disengagement and cyberbullying. Participants were 942 mainly White (83.5%) boys and girls from Grades 7 to 9 (M…
Adolescents’ anticipated social outcomes for drinking alcohol and being drunk
The aim of this study was to investigate the social outcomes adolescents anticipate from three social figures (mother, father and peers) for two alcohol-related behaviours (drinking alcohol and being drunk) and how these anticipated social outcomes relate to adolescents' engagement in underage drinking and experience of alcohol-related harm. The sample was comprised of 651 (329 female) adolescents (age range: 12-16 years; 81% White). Results reve…
Psychology (56 obras) · Developmental psychology (46 obras) · Social Psychology (45 obras) · Social Psychology (25 obras) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (24 obras) · Medicine (16 obras) · Poison control (16 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (14 obras) · Disengagement theory (12 obras) · Gender Roles and Identity Studies (12 obras)