Peter Bakker
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 207207 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Peter Bakker |
| PRENOMES | Peter |
| SOBRENOME | Bakker |
| ASSINATURA | BAKKER P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Aarhus University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2072-0430 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 50 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1987 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
From Canton Pidgin English to Shanghai Pidgin English in the mid-19th century in China
Languages are in a state of constant evolution, a process exemplified by the development of Chinese Pidgin English (CPE). Following the Opium War (1840–1842) and the relocation of the primary trading center from Canton (Guangzhou) to Shanghai, a Shanghai-based variety of CPE emerged within a new sociolinguistic environment. The booklet yīng huà zhù jiě ( 英话注解 The Annotation of English 1860), using Ningbo dialect phonetic transcription to help loc…
Lee, Nala H
Textbooks in historical linguistics
Four textbooks on historical linguistics that are in print today are compared, taking the point of departure from the newest, 4th edition of the Trask/McColl Millar textbook (2023). All four are judged excellent. All four are intended for general linguistics courses, and those textbooks covering the historical linguistics of a single language or region are not taken into consideration. All four are written well, and authored by major specialists …
Mij dodte, mij loppe, in mijn lande”
A 1681 letter written by Jørgen Iversen (1638–1682), the first governor of Danish St. Thomas, unearthed from the Danish National Archives, contains a quote in incipient Virgin Islands Dutch Creole (VIDC). The quote, Mij dodte, mij loppe, in mijn lande , lit. ‘I die/dead, I go, in my country’ (free translation: ‘If/when I die, I will go back to my own country’), predates other early VIDC sources by over half a century. This finding shows that a Du…
Names for contact languages
This article discusses past and current names for contact languages, and their origins. Pidgins and creoles are new languages, and naming them may indicate a perceived continuation from preexisting languages or a break away from the antecedent languages, the lexifiers. Names for individual languages of pidgins and creoles are diverse. The languages may bear the name of the lexifier (e.g. French), a label referring to what today is a type of langu…
Empiricism against imperialism
Large scale typological studies have been criticized for being unscientific, biased, methodologically unsound and as perpetrating neocolonial attitudes. Meakins (2022) echoes these views in her first JPCL column. The conclusions of all studies using large typological datasets, however, point in the direction that creoles do have structural properties that distinguish them from their lexifiers and the languages of the world, including a dozen not …
Recollections of a West-Indian Home and Slave-Insurrection
An introduction to Dora Richards Miller's life and work, including a discussion of her Recollections and editorial remarks concerning the present diplomatic edition of the account, is provided in Begh & Bakker (
Pieter Cornelis Muysken (1950–2021)
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The Beginning of Quantitative Sociolinguistics in the Nineteenth Century
In 1898, a young Dane, Anker Jensen (1878-1937), published a pioneering study in which he investigated the linguistic situation in Aaby, then a village and parish located just west of Aarhus (the second-largest city of Denmark, in Jutland), and today an integrated part of the city. Anker Jensen's article can safely be considered the first sociolinguistic study in a Danish context, and it may in fact be the world's first quantitative sociolinguist…
The Linguistic Situation in the Parish of Aaby, Aarhus County
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Do Island Languages Exist? A research note from the Nordic countries
This critical report-cum-position statement summarises several workshops and conference panels recently held in three Nordic countries-Denmark, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands-based in developing the concept of island languages. It puts forward the epistemology and ontology of these sessions. The role these gatherings are playing in encouraging a more linguistically mandated direction within island studies and the study of island languages, especi…
Joanna Nolan. The Elusive case of Lingua Franca. Fact and Fiction
On languages on islands
Islands as specific research sites in their own right have been given little direct attention by linguists. The physical segregation, distinctness, and isolation of islands from mainland and continental environments may provide scholars of language with distinct and robust sets of singular and combined case studies for examining the role of islandness in any appreciation of language. Whether distinct and particular sociolinguistic and typological…
Retelling Trickster in Naapi's Language by Nimachia Howe
Reviewed by: Retelling Trickster in Naapi’s Language by Nimachia Howe Peter Bakker Retelling Trickster in Naapi’s Language. nimachia howe. Louisville, Colo.: Utah State University Press, an imprint of University Press of Colorado, 2019. Pp. xv + 161. Price: $22.95 (paper). The young Blackfoot scholar Nimachia Howe, curator and archivist in Montana, has published a remarkable study about the stories of the Blackfoot trickster Naapi. The language r…
Intentional language change and the connection between mixed languages and genderlects
This paper links genderlects and mixed languages. Both may have their roots in a gender dichotomy, where two distinct populations come together and blend into a new one, with different linguistic consequences. Mixed languages are generally assumed to be the result of deliberate or conscious language change and often come about as the result of an act of identity, connected to the birth of a new social or ethnic group. Societies or ethnic groups t…
Mobilian Trade Language
Dr. Crevaux’s Wayana-Carib Pidgin Of The Guyanas
In this paper, we look at the notes gathered by the French medical doctor and explorer Jules Crevaux on the language he calls "Roucouyenne" and which is today known as Wayana or Oayana, a Cariban language spoken by between 500 and 900 people in Suriname French Guiana, and Brazil. We give some background information about Jules Crevaux and his notes on the Wayana Pidgin (which he believed to be Wayana proper). Then we give some information about W…
Philip Baker (1940–2017)
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Creoles and sociolinguistic complexity
In an earlier article in this journal, Umberto Ansaldo states that creoles are sociolinguistically the most complex of languages, equalled only by the situation in South India. In our article we show that this claim is not supported by facts about global multilingualism, creole societies, creole language structures and theories of language contact. The vast majority of the world’s population is multilingual: the average human speaks almost two la…
Perry Gilmore, 2016. Kisisi (Our language). The story of Colin and Sadiki
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Reply to Enoch Aboh’s rejoinder to my article on his book ‘The emergence of hybrid grammars’
Aboh was clearly not happy with my article inspired by his 2015 book (Bakker 2016a), even though it was mostly positive. It was not a review, but an article in which I evaluated the contents of the
You got Gungbe, but we got the numbers
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A phylogenetic analysis of stable structural features in West African languages
Lexical comparison has long dominated the study of West African language history. Ap-proaching the subject from a different perspective, this paper compares a sample of West African languages based on a selection of typological features proposed to be temporally stable and hence possible markers of historical connections between languages. We utilize phylogenetic networks to visualize and compare typological distances in the language sample, in o…
Creoles as hybrid languages
The central claim of Enoch Abohs book is that creoles combine features of different languages spoken by people involved in their genesis. In the case of Haitian French Creole and the Surinamese English creoles, the main substrate languages in the formative founding period are claimed to be the languages of the Gbe group, part of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family. After a summary of the book, the claims are evaluated. The book is considered…
Beyond Cockpit-ism
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have the potential to become a powerful political vision that can support the urgently needed global transition to a shared and lasting prosperity. In December 2014, the United Nations (UN) Secretary General published his report on the SDGs. However, the final goals and targets that will be adopted by the UN General Assembly in September 2015 risk falling short of expectations because of what we call “cockp…
Out of Africa
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
A phylogenetic networks approach to the classification of English-based Atlantic creoles
This paper deals with the issue of genetic relationships between English-based Atlantic creoles. A method borrowed from biology will be applied to a set of lexical and structural features found in the sample presented in Hancock (1987) in order to assess the degrees of affinity between these languages and their evolutionary histories. We will argue that the phylogenetic networks approach proposed here is the most suitable for the classification o…
An early vocabulary of British Romani (1616)
The article analyses a newly discovered early Romani word list of 1616, as recently published in The Winchester Confessions. Etymologies are given for almost all words. Virtually all of these were still in use by British Gypsies in the twentieth century. The list contains words typical for the Northern branch of Romani. Some words are only known from British sources. Further evidence is presented that this source is a form of Angloromani—that is,…
Two Basque Loanwords in Micmac
Recollections of a West-Indian Home and Slave-Insurrection
An introduction to Dora Richards Miller's life and work, including a discussion of her Recollections and editorial remarks concerning the present diplomatic edition of the account, is provided in Begh & Bakker (
The Beginning of Quantitative Sociolinguistics in the Nineteenth Century
In 1898, a young Dane, Anker Jensen (1878-1937), published a pioneering study in which he investigated the linguistic situation in Aaby, then a village and parish located just west of Aarhus (the second-largest city of Denmark, in Jutland), and today an integrated part of the city. Anker Jensen's article can safely be considered the first sociolinguistic study in a Danish context, and it may in fact be the world's first quantitative sociolinguist…
The Linguistic Situation in the Parish of Aaby, Aarhus County
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Creoles and sociolinguistic complexity
In an earlier article in this journal, Umberto Ansaldo states that creoles are sociolinguistically the most complex of languages, equalled only by the situation in South India. In our article we show that this claim is not supported by facts about global multilingualism, creole societies, creole language structures and theories of language contact. The vast majority of the world’s population is multilingual: the average human speaks almost two la…
Creoles as hybrid languages
The central claim of Enoch Abohs book is that creoles combine features of different languages spoken by people involved in their genesis. In the case of Haitian French Creole and the Surinamese English creoles, the main substrate languages in the formative founding period are claimed to be the languages of the Gbe group, part of the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family. After a summary of the book, the claims are evaluated. The book is considered…
Romani genetic linguistics and genetics
Much progress has been made recently in the migration history of the Roms based on language data. Genetic research on the Roms, using DNA data, sheds light on the same, by studying connections between European Roms and local populations, between Roms in different locations, and between Roms and Asian groups. The genetic data confirm a migration of the ancestors of the Roms out of South Asia, through southern Persia. In most locations of settled p…
A Basque Nautical Pidgin
The paper deals with a Basque Nautical Pidgin from which a number of sentences have been preserved in a seventeenth century Basque-Icelandic word list. These sentences are interesting for several reasons. First, Basque may throw an interesting light on the pidginization process because it is not an Indo-European language and has several unusual features. Second, although the sentences come from a Basque word list compiled by an Icelander, there a…
Relexification in Canada
Métif is a language spoken in the Canadian prairie provinces and the American prairie states bordering Canada. There are probably between 3000 and 5000 people who speak Métif as their first language, most of them of advanced age. They are living mostly in scattered Métis settlements. The Métis are a nation of mixed Amerindian and European descent. From the 17th century on French Canadian fur traders and voyageurs travelled west-wards from French …
A French-Icelandic Nautical Pidgin
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Two Basque Loanwords in Micmac
Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel im Baskenland
Saramaccan
Mixed Languages
A Language of Our Own
The Michif language — spoken by descendants of French Canadian fur traders and Cree Indians in western Canada — is considered an ‘impossible language’ since it uses French for nouns and Cree for verbs, and comprises two different sets of grammatical rules. Bakker uses historical research and fieldwork data to present the first detailed analysis of this language and how it came into being.
A Language of Our Own
The Michif - spoken by descendants of French Canadian fur traders and Cree Indians in western Canada - is considered an impossible language since it uses French for nouns and Cree for verbs, and comprises two different sets of grammatical rules. Bakker uses historical research and fieldwork data to present the first detailed analysis of this and how it came into being
Antoine Andrée ou Jean le Chanoine?
An early vocabulary of British Romani (1616)
The article analyses a newly discovered early Romani word list of 1616, as recently published in The Winchester Confessions. Etymologies are given for almost all words. Virtually all of these were still in use by British Gypsies in the twentieth century. The list contains words typical for the Northern branch of Romani. Some words are only known from British sources. Further evidence is presented that this source is a form of Angloromani—that is,…
Out of Africa
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Mixed Language Debate
Mixed Languages are speech varieties that arise in bilingual settings, often as markers of ethnic separateness. They combine structures inherited from different parent languages, often resulting in odd and unique splits that present a challenge to theories of contact-induced change as well as genetic classification. This collection of articles is devoted to the theoretical and empirical controversies that surround the study of Mixed Languages. Is…
Sigøjnere
Carsten og Malene Fenger-Grøndahl: Sigøjnere. 1000 år på kanten af Europa, Århus 2006 (Aarhus Universitetsforlag)
An introduction to sociolinguistics
Ronald Wardhaugh, An introduction to sociolinguistics. 5th ed. Oxford & Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006. Pp. 418. Pb $41.95. Wardhaugh's textbook has been one of the most popular ones in sociolinguistics for two decades. Its fifth edition was published in 2006, four years after the fourth and 20 years after the first. The 16 chapters are divided as follows: 1, introduction; 2, languages, dialects and varieties; 3, pidgins and creoles; 4, codes; 5, sp…
Creoles are typologically distinct from non-creoles
In creolist circles, there has been a a long-standing debate whether creoles differ structurally from non-creole languages and thus would form a special class of languages with specific typological properties. This debate about the typological status of creole languages has severely suffered from a lack of systematic empirical study. This paper presents for the first time a number of large-scale empirical investigations of the status of creole la…
A phylogenetic networks approach to the classification of English-based Atlantic creoles
This paper deals with the issue of genetic relationships between English-based Atlantic creoles. A method borrowed from biology will be applied to a set of lexical and structural features found in the sample presented in Hancock (1987) in order to assess the degrees of affinity between these languages and their evolutionary histories. We will argue that the phylogenetic networks approach proposed here is the most suitable for the classification o…
Romani genetic linguistics and genetics
Much progress has been made recently in the migration history of the Roms based on language data. Genetic research on the Roms, using DNA data, sheds light on the same, by studying connections between European Roms and local populations, between Roms in different locations, and between Roms and Asian groups. The genetic data confirm a migration of the ancestors of the Roms out of South Asia, through southern Persia. In most locations of settled p…
Malamuk - A (West) Frisian loanword in Greenlandic
During the 17th and 18th centuries the Frisians and the Dutch were dominant in the whaling fisheries of the Davis Strait. They also traded with the Inuit and contributed to the Greenlandic pidgin that both parties used as a trade language. Despite intensive interethnic contacts, there are no traces of the Frisian or Dutch languages in modern Greenlandic, with the exception of the wordmalamuk'fulmar.' In addition, similar forms are also attested i…
Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison
Three Dutch creoles, all of them extinct, have been documented, but not all to the same extent. Negerhollands of the Virgin Islands has been documented throughout a 250-year period, Berbice Dutch of Guyana during two decades of solid fieldwork in the 1970s and 1980s, and Skepi Dutch is only known through a handful of sentences and some 200 words collected in the 1970s. In this article, the lexical and grammatical data from the three creoles are c…
Creolistics
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Creoles and typology
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Beyond Cockpit-ism
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have the potential to become a powerful political vision that can support the urgently needed global transition to a shared and lasting prosperity. In December 2014, the United Nations (UN) Secretary General published his report on the SDGs. However, the final goals and targets that will be adopted by the UN General Assembly in September 2015 risk falling short of expectations because of what we call “cockp…
Creole languages have no… — but they do have
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Creoles, creole studies and sign languages
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Philosophy (36 obras) · Linguistics (32 obras) · History (28 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (26 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Philosophy (18 obras) · History (16 obras) · Multilingual Education and Policy (14 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Art (9 obras)