Janet Haggerty Davis
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 219161 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Janet Haggerty Davis |
| PRENOMES | Janet Haggerty |
| SOBRENOME | Davis |
| ASSINATURA | DAVIS J H |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9573-3597 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 68 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 544 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 68 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1963 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Understanding Group Behavior
Preface
Empowerment in veterinary clinics
Several authors have suggested that trust is important to empowerment. This research develops the theoretical relationship between empowerment and trust. Trust, defined as a willingness to be vulnerable, was found to contribute to managers’ taking greater risks in their relationships with their employees through increased delegation of authority. Results show strong support that trust for an employee is a function of the employee’s perceived abil…
Perspective
The introduction and discussion of this paper reflect the state of the field two decades ago when the paper was presented. Some of the issues raised in the paper have seen considerable research sin
Women in business leadership
This scholarly study is the first to compare business leadership in the Arab Gulf states in terms of the presence of female managers in various positions. It documents the status of women leaders—senior executives and managers—through a quantitative gender analysis of 2805 private and publicly listed companies in the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, and the United Ara…
Understanding Group Behavior
These books grew out of the perception that a number of important conceptual and theoretical advances in research on small group behavior had developed in recent years, but were scattered in rather fragmentary fashion across a diverse literature. Thus, it seemed useful to encourage the formulation of summary accounts. A conference was held in Hamburg with the aim of not only encouraging such developments, but also encouraging the integration of t…
The effects of changing power and influence tactics on trust in the supervisor
This paper presents a five-month longitudinal field study of the use of influence tactics and power on the development of employee trust within a small Midwestern US nonunion manufacturing company. Analysis of levels of trust in supervisors found that, as hypothesised, changes in trust levels were substantially related to increases in specific types of power use and influence attempts, most notably changes in referent power, expert power, and tas…
Organizational Trust and Social Capital
Conclusion
Social Capital
Contents: Introduction: The Yet Undiscovered Value of Social Capital, Viva Ona Bartkus and James H. Davis PART I: OVERVIEW 1. What is Social Capital? Elinor Ostrom 2. Network Duality of Social Capital, Ronald S. Burt 3. On the Costs of Conceptualizing Social Ties as Social Capital, Robert M. Fishman PART II: SOCIAL CAPITAL: REACHING OUT 4. How's the Job? Are Trust and Social Capital Neglected Workplace Investments? John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huan…
An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust
A considerable amount of research has examined trust since our 1995 publication. We revisit some of the critical issues that we addressed and provide clarifications and extensions of the topics of levels of analysis, time, control systems, reciprocity, and measurement. We also recognize recent research in new areas of trust, such as affect, emotion, violation and repair, distrust, international and cross-cultural issues, and context-specific mode…
Obituary
Order Effects in Individual and Group Policy Allocations
Although citizen panels have become quite popular for policy making, there is very little research on how the procedures these groups employ to manage consensus affect their decision making. We measured the effect of a simple procedural mechanism, agenda order, on individual and group allocations for an HIV policy. Allocations made in a large-small (state-region-city) order were substantially smaller, overall, than were allocations made in small-…
The effect of the performance appraisal system on trust for management
Recent theoretical developments have enabled the empirical study of trust for specific referents in organizations. The authors conducted a 14-month field study of employee trust for top management. A 9-month quasi-experiment found that the implementation of a more acceptable performance appraisal system increased trust for top management. The 3 proposed factors of trustworthiness (ability, benevolence, and integrity) mediated the relationship bet…
The Plaintiff Bias in Mock Civil Jury Decision Making
The effect of the normatively based plaintiff bias (favoritism toward an individual suing a corporation) on decision making was assessed for six-person mock juries that made decisions, or merely discussed the case, or for individual jurors. Decision makers also received information in either tables or graphs but there was no effect of this manipulation. It was predicted that groups would award more money than individual decision makers, and that …
Toward a Stewardship Theory of Management
Effects of group size and procedural influence on consensual judgments of quantity
Six-person mock civil juries awarded significantly larger amounts for damages than did 12-person juries, and individuals preferred even larger average awards. A reversal of the ''deep-pockets bias'' observed earlier, an explanation involving temporal fluctuation in normative standards, during the rime interval between the studies, was supported by independent data showing temporal trends in actual civil trial awards. A computational model of cons…
An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust
The Preadolescent/Pet Friendship Bond
This study investigated aspects of children's friendship with the family pet during preadolescence. A convenience sample (N=122) of preadolescent pet owners at the appropriate grade level for age, living in the Chicago, Illinois area, participated in the study. Subjects completed an investigator-designed Pet Friendship Scale that contained 26 items descriptive of preadolescent/pet friendship. Results revealed that "I love you" and "I like you the…
Quantitative Decisions by Groups and Individuals
Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups
Tatsuya Kameda, Mark F. Stasson, James H. Davis, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, Social Dilemmas, Subgroups, and Motivation Loss in Task-Oriented Groups: In Search of an "Optimal" Team Size in Division of Work, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Mar., 1992), pp. 47-56
Stewardship Theory or Agency Theory
Agency theory argues that shareholder interests require protection by separation of incumbency of rôles of board chair and CEO. Stewardship theory argues shareholder interests are maximised by shared incumbency of these rôles. Results of an empirical test fail to support agency theory and provide some support for stewardship theory.
Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning
Mark F. Stasson, Tatsuya Kameda, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, James H. Davis, Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 25-35
Asymmetrical social influence in freely interacting groups
Using freely interacting mock juries, this study tested the predictions of 3 different models of social influence: social impact theory, the other-total ratio, and the social influence model. All 3 models use faction size as the basis for their predictions. On the basis of the predeliberation verdict preferences of 879 female students, groups were composed using all possible nonunanimous verdict compositions (e.g., 5 members for 1 for not guilty,…
Some social mechanics of group decision making
The first study extrapolated earlier findings (Davis, Stasson, Ono, & Zimmerman, 1988) that the critical fourth voter in six-person mock juries evenly divided between guilty-and not-guilty-inclined jurors (3, 3) were significantly influenced by the preceding sequence (guilty or not-guilty faction voting first) and timing of a straw poll. Experiment 2 focused only on sequential voting in (4, 2) groups in which sequential voting by majority-minorit…
Social Capital
Contents: Introduction: The Yet Undiscovered Value of Social Capital, Viva Ona Bartkus and James H. Davis PART I: OVERVIEW 1. What is Social Capital? Elinor Ostrom 2. Network Duality of Social Capital, Ronald S. Burt 3. On the Costs of Conceptualizing Social Ties as Social Capital, Robert M. Fishman PART II: SOCIAL CAPITAL: REACHING OUT 4. How's the Job? Are Trust and Social Capital Neglected Workplace Investments? John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huan…
Group decision and social interaction
This paper proposes a general theory (social decision scheme theory) for many kinds of group decision making and illustrates some special case models with a variety of data from several experimental situations. While focusing upon the traditional issue of individual-gr oup differences, the theory is aimed at accounting for the distribution of group decisions by using formal hypotheses about the effects of social interaction when the inputs to dis…
Group decision making and social influence
Guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
Examined the concept of reasonable doubt as both an individual and group decision criterion. Previous research indicates that neither criterion has an effect on verdicts. A reexamination of this research suggested that such effects might occur for cases producing maximum disagreement. An experiment was performed in which 606 mock jurors reached individual and group verdicts for such a case. The decision criteria for individuals (judge's definitio…
The decision processes of 6- and 12-person mock juries assigned unanimous and two-thirds majority rules
720 college students served on 6- or 12-member "juries" that listened to a simulated trial of a rape case, deliberated, and then rendered verdicts according to the unanimity or two-thirds majority social decision rule assigned. Although neither assigned rule nor jury size had a significant effect upon the verdict distribution, average deliberation time and the number of polls were both significantly influenced. Individuals gave a significantly hi…
Effects of straw polls on group decision making
The influence of member status differences and task type on group consensus and member position change
Women in business leadership
This scholarly study is the first to compare business leadership in the Arab Gulf states in terms of the presence of female managers in various positions. It documents the status of women leaders—senior executives and managers—through a quantitative gender analysis of 2805 private and publicly listed companies in the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, and the United Ara…
Asymmetrical social influence in freely interacting groups
Using freely interacting mock juries, this study tested the predictions of 3 different models of social influence: social impact theory, the other-total ratio, and the social influence model. All 3 models use faction size as the basis for their predictions. On the basis of the predeliberation verdict preferences of 879 female students, groups were composed using all possible nonunanimous verdict compositions (e.g., 5 members for 1 for not guilty,…
Group position as a function of member attitudes
500 undergraduates made decisions as individuals or 4-person groups about several attitude objects along a 7-point semantic differential scale and about several social issues along a percentage scale. Individual-group mean differences (both within and between Ss) suggested that choice shift effects observed in other studies also characterized these data, but inspection of entire distributions suggested that conclusions based on means alone (or ot…
Changes in group members' decision preferences during discussion
The Preadolescent/Pet Friendship Bond
This study investigated aspects of children's friendship with the family pet during preadolescence. A convenience sample (N=122) of preadolescent pet owners at the appropriate grade level for age, living in the Chicago, Illinois area, participated in the study. Subjects completed an investigator-designed Pet Friendship Scale that contained 26 items descriptive of preadolescent/pet friendship. Results revealed that "I love you" and "I like you the…
Preadolescent Self-Concept Development and Pet Ownership
This exploratory pilot study examined the family dog's reflected appraisal role in perceived self-concept development. Twenty-two male and female preadolescent dog owners participated in the study and completed three instruments. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between perceived self-concept and five affective dimensions of the preadolescent/dog dyad. The results tentatively suggest that the family dog has a role in …
Effects of audience status, evaluation, and time of action on performance with hidden-word problems
Group decision schemes and strategy preferences in a sequential response task
The Preadolescent/Pet Bond and Psychosocial Development
Human/animal bond research has revealed that a pet's roles in a human being's life are influenced by individual perception of the pet's attributes. By extrapolating from this conclusion, thc companion animal's role in the preadolescent's psychosocial development is delineated. A pet is classified as a developmental resource during preadolescence since it is perceived as a responsibility and a friend. Perception of a pet is influenced by the deman…
Social decision schemes under risk
Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning
Mark F. Stasson, Tatsuya Kameda, Craig D. Parks, Suzi K. Zimmerman, James H. Davis, Effects of Assigned Group Consensus Requirement on Group Problem Solving and Group Members' Learning, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 25-35
The influence of the accuracy of individuating information on the use of base rate information in probability judgment
Group size, member ability, and social decision schemes on an intellective task
510 college students first took Part 1 of the difficult Terman Concept Mastery Test as individuals and then retook the same test as control individuals or in cooperative high-ability or low-ability groups containing 2-5 Ss. 9 a priori social decision scheme models were tested as theories of the underlying group process. An a posteriori social decision scheme was also induced from a comparative previous study with 240 4-person groups and then test…
Quantitative Decisions by Groups and Individuals
Some social mechanics of group decision making
The first study extrapolated earlier findings (Davis, Stasson, Ono, & Zimmerman, 1988) that the critical fourth voter in six-person mock juries evenly divided between guilty-and not-guilty-inclined jurors (3, 3) were significantly influenced by the preceding sequence (guilty or not-guilty faction voting first) and timing of a straw poll. Experiment 2 focused only on sequential voting in (4, 2) groups in which sequential voting by majority-minorit…
The effects of consensus requirements and multiple decisions on mock juror verdict preferences
Some implications of temporal drift in social parameters
Individual-group problem solving, subject preference, and problem type
The Preliminary Analysis of Emergent Social Structure in Groups
The problem of detecting emergent social structure in small groups is examined in terms of establishing a baseline or expected structure. The standard proposed here is equalitarianism; that is to say, every member is equally likely to interact with every other member. Using information theory, a formal statement of the equalitarian argument is possible. In addition to detecting a deviation by a single group, the structural tendency of several gro…
The analysis of problems and prediction of group problem solving
Apparatus for Recording Frequency, Duration, and Sequence of Verbal Responses
An apparatus was designed to record the duration and frequency of vocal responses. Utilizing a circuit employing an output transformer, diode rectifier, and an electrolytic capacitor, the output of an audio amplifier activates a sensitive relay. The switching circuit of the relay connected to an event recorder produces a permanent record of S's vocal responses
Divisible Tasks and Pooling Performance in Groups
Groups and individual Ss worked on two problems which were a composite of simpler, self-contained sub-problems (phases) taken from the SCAT. If appropriately organized, groups could work on two or more sub-problems or phases simultaneously. The primary purpose of the study was to test the Lorge-Solomon Model B. Although a significantly higher proportion of groups than individuals solved Problem 2, the test problem, the Lorge-Solomon Model B over-…
Stability of Impression Formation and Implications for Emergent Group Structure
Discussion Patterns and Word Problems
Five-person Wheel, Circle, and Completely Connected communication networks, formed by regulating available intercom channels, worked on word puzzles. No significant network influence was detected for either mean solution time, or the relative frequency of correct answers. Using the LorgeSolomon model, ComCon was discovered to most closely approximate the logically possible efficiency for five-man groups. Substantial disparity in participation acr…
Verbalization, experimenter presence, and problem solving
Ss solved 3 circle problems in each of 8 conditions formed by the presence or absence of a requirement to (a) verbalize, (b) attempt a general solution, and (c) work in the presence of another person. Immediate presence of another was found to facilitate performance heavily on the S-tile problem, but not on the 6-tile (test) problem. Verbalization strongly enhanced problem solving on the 6-tile problem, thereby confirming earlier results. Social …
Individual-group problem solving, subject preference, and problem type
Group decision schemes and strategy preferences in a sequential response task
Influencing Attitudes and Changing Behavior
Black Theology and Black Power
Dyadic decision as a function of the frequency distributions describing the preferences of members' constituencies
Effects of audience status, evaluation, and time of action on performance with hidden-word problems
Group decision and social interaction
This paper proposes a general theory (social decision scheme theory) for many kinds of group decision making and illustrates some special case models with a variety of data from several experimental situations. While focusing upon the traditional issue of individual-gr oup differences, the theory is aimed at accounting for the distribution of group decisions by using formal hypotheses about the effects of social interaction when the inputs to dis…
Social decision schemes under risk
Balance theory and the negative interpersonal relationship
Group position as a function of member attitudes
500 undergraduates made decisions as individuals or 4-person groups about several attitude objects along a 7-point semantic differential scale and about several social issues along a percentage scale. Individual-group mean differences (both within and between Ss) suggested that choice shift effects observed in other studies also characterized these data, but inspection of entire distributions suggested that conclusions based on means alone (or ot…
Group size, member ability, and social decision schemes on an intellective task
510 college students first took Part 1 of the difficult Terman Concept Mastery Test as individuals and then retook the same test as control individuals or in cooperative high-ability or low-ability groups containing 2-5 Ss. 9 a priori social decision scheme models were tested as theories of the underlying group process. An a posteriori social decision scheme was also induced from a comparative previous study with 240 4-person groups and then test…
The decision processes of 6- and 12-person mock juries assigned unanimous and two-thirds majority rules
720 college students served on 6- or 12-member "juries" that listened to a simulated trial of a rape case, deliberated, and then rendered verdicts according to the unanimity or two-thirds majority social decision rule assigned. Although neither assigned rule nor jury size had a significant effect upon the verdict distribution, average deliberation time and the number of polls were both significantly influenced. Individuals gave a significantly hi…
The Decision Makers
Changes in group members' decision preferences during discussion
Guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
Examined the concept of reasonable doubt as both an individual and group decision criterion. Previous research indicates that neither criterion has an effect on verdicts. A reexamination of this research suggested that such effects might occur for cases producing maximum disagreement. An experiment was performed in which 606 mock jurors reached individual and group verdicts for such a case. The decision criteria for individuals (judge's definitio…
Work Analysis and Pay Structure
Mutual Social Influence in Dynamic Groups
The Effects of Prior Experience on Mock Juror Case Judgments
The effects of prior experience on case judgments were investigated by asking mock jurors to decide defendants' guilt in either a rape-vandalism or vandalism-rape case presentation order. Mock jurors with prior experience on the rape case were found to favor conviction in the vandalism case significantly more often than jurors without such experience. However, jurors with prior experience on the vandalism case were .gnificantly less likely to con…
Psychology (53 obras) · Social Psychology (39 obras) · Social Psychology (30 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (18 obras) · Group (periodic table (16 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Sociology (15 obras) · Computer Science (14 obras) · Group Decision Making (13 obras)