Quincy Wright
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 247644 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Quincy Wright |
| PRENOMES | Quincy |
| SOBRENOME | Wright |
| ASSINATURA | WRIGHT Q |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Chicago |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 276 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 436 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 276 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1915 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1970 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
How Hostilities Have Ended
On the basis of tables in the author's A Study of War, the number of wars terminated by treaties of peace, unconditional surrender, unilateral declaration, or general recognition is indicated. The formalities of traditional inter national law for beginning, waging, and ending war were observed to occur increasingly after the seventeenth century, and to reach a high point in the first two decades of the twentieth century. The radical change in con…
The Middle Eastern Crisis
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The Middle East Problem
The Security Council resolution of November 22, 1967, seems to provide for a satisfactory solution of the Middle East controversy, and it is difficult to see how there can be a satisfactory settlement except on the basis of the principles on which that resolution is based. The preamble of that resolution states three fundamental principles
Reports
Reports: Edinburgh Session of the Institute of International Law Get access Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 18, Issue 2, Spring 1970, Pages 476–477, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/18.2.476 Published: 01 April 1970
Political Forum or Political Science Association
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Peace and War
Journal Article Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations, by Raymond Aron, Richard Howard, Annette Baker Fox Get access Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations by Raymond Aron, translated from the French by Richard Howard and Annette Baker Fox. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1966. —xviii, 820 pp. $10.00. Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Charlottesville, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Schol…
The Termination and Suspension of Treaties
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Legal Aspects of the Viet-Nam Situation
The Viet-Nam hostilities arose and have escalated because of the radically different perceptions of the situation by the principal parties. A settlement might be possible if each side understood the image perceived by the other. An analysis of the interpretation of the situation which would result from an impartial application of international law, presumably reflecting the consensus of world opinion, might also be helpful
The Changing Structure of International Law. Wolfgang Friedmann
Peace-Keeping Operations of the United Nations
Reflections on the Sabbatino Case
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The escalation of international conflicts
Technology and the Idea of Mankind
Conditions for Successful Disarmament
ing insecurity in the age of rapid technological change, there is little likelihood, if statesmen continue to make policy as they have in the past, of ending that race. Lewis Richardson's simultaneous equations have demonstrated that when war is highly mechanized, arms races are more likely to end in war than in equilibrium if, as he says, statesmen do not stop to think (Richardson, 1960, pp. 12, 75; Wright, 1942, pp. 749, 1482). There seems litt…
Essays on Espionage and International Law
The Projected European Union and American International Prestige
There are variations in the concept of prestige, but no serious injury to United States prestige is likely to result from President de Gaulle's veto of British entry into the Common Market and his plans to develop "Europe of the Six" for both economic and political purposes. The United States supported British entry into the Common Market, but it is not certain that opinion in either France or Britain desired it, and better alternatives may emerg…
The Cuban Quarantine
Many problems of international law have arisen in connection with United States-Cuban relations since the establishment of the Castro regime in 1959, especially in regard to the following incidents: 1. Castro's confiscation of American property in Cuba in 1960, said to be in reprisal against the United States reduction of the Cuban sugar quota, was asserted by an American court to have been a breach of international law, and, following controvers…
Legal Aspects of the Congo Situation
The Goa Incident
The military take-over of Goa by India on December 18, 1961, was of legal importance, not only because it raised serious issues concerning the application of United Nations law, but also because it indicated a major difference between the East and the West in the interpretation of that law
Arms and Insecurity
Western Diplomacy Since 1945
Western diplomacy since 1945 has been mainly concerned with its relations with the Communist bloc. In the period of co-operation immediately after the war, the United Nations was established, war criminals were tried, peace trea ties were made with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, and Finland, and the Marshall Plan—originally designed for all Europe—was initiated. Relations, however, deteriorated by a process of action and reaction publicly man…
Some Legal Aspects of the Berlin Crisis
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Law in Diplomacy . Percy E. Corbett , Frederick S. Dunn
Empires and World Governments Before 1918
Essay| August 01 1960 Empires and World Governments Before 1918 Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Professor of International Law, University of Virginia Quincy Wright served as consultant to the Foreign Economic Administration and the Department of State in 1943-1944, and as technical adviser to the United States representative on the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, in 1945. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Mr. W…
Legal Aspects of the U-2 Incident
The U-2, a high-flying United States reconnaissance plane under pilot Francis G. Powers, permanently based in Turkey, but taking off from Pakistan territory with intent to cross Soviet territory and land in Norway, came down near Sverdlovsk, well within Soviet territory, on May 1, 1960. Such flights had been carried on for four years under general orders of the President, following refusal of the Soviet Government to accept the “open skies” propo…
Political Science and World Stabilization
Few persons who look at the world thoughtfully are complacent. It is difficult to believe that the balance of power will become more stable. Quite the contrary! A degree of bi-polarity in world politics has been reached which compels each of the opposing groups to bend its efforts to bring the remaining neutrals into its orbit and to augment its power. If the war which each regards as a possibility should come, each wants to be sure that it will …
The escalation of international conflicts
The Study of International Relations
Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty
Studies in the problem of sovereignty. By Harold J. Laski, department of history, Harvard university, sometime exhibitor New college, Oxford. (New Haven: Yale university press, London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford university press, 1917. 297 p. $2.50 net) Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 4, Issue 2, September 1917, Pages 239–241, https://doi.org/10…
The Law of the Nuremberg Trial
On the afternoon of October 1, 1946, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg sentenced twelve of the twenty-two Nazi defendants to death by hanging and seven to imprisonment for terms ranging from ten years to life. Three were acquitted. Three of the six accused organizations were found to be criminal. The reading of these sentences was preceded by the reading, through the whole of September 30, of the general opinion of the Tribunal on …
The Concept of Aggression in International Law
The press reports characterized the resolution of the Chaco Commission of the League of Nations Assembly as amounting “to condemning Paraguay henceforth as the aggressor in the Chaco War.” This resolution of January 16, 1935, recommended a raising of the arms embargo in behalf of Bolivia, because Bolivia had accepted and Paraguay had rejected the Assembly’s report made on November 24, 1934, under Article 15, paragraphs 4 and 9 of the Covenant
The Prevention of Aggression
The United Nations functions in the main by persuasion rather than by coercion. The persuasive influence of its resolutions are powerful in proportion as they have the opinion of governments and peoples behind them, but the mobilization of such an opinion depends in no small degree upon the conviction of all the Members that resolutions are within the competence of United Nations organs. That competence is measured by the concept of domestic juri…
Realism and Idealism in International Politics
Realism” and “idealism” are both terms which have been used in differing, sometimes opposite, senses in the history of philosophy. They must therefore be employed with great caution. Dr. John H. Herz, in his recent study of the application of these terms to politics, seeks to define the sense in which he uses them. He writes in his preface that the book was in the main finished when the last war was ended and that little which had happened since …
The Present Status of Neutrality
President Wilson asserted in 1917 that “neutrality is no longer feasible or desirable where the peace of the world is involved and the freedom of its people.” In March, 1920, at its second session, the League of Nations Council affirmed that “the conception of neutrality of the members of the League is incompatible with the principle that all members will be obliged to cooperate in enforcing respect for their engagements.” In 1929 the British For…
The Legal Liability of the Kaiser
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Some thoughts about Recognition
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The Munich Settlement and International Law
In his world broadcast on September 27, 1938, immediately after his conversations at Godesberg with Chancellor Hitler, Prime Minister Chamberlain pointed out that he had gained the Czech Government’s consent to the Berchtesgaden proposals which “gave the substance of what Herr Hitler wanted,” and that he “was taken completely by surprise” when at Godesberg he “found that he [Hitler] insisted that the territory should be handed over to him immedia…
The Test of Aggression in the Italo-Ethiopian War
The Italo-Ethiopian dispute has, at the time of writing, been dealt with by six distinct procedures in addition to direct diplomatic communication between the parties (1) Mediation by the League of Nations Council under Article 11, paragraph 2, of the Covenant pursuant to the application of Ethiopia on January 15,1935. Under this procedure the Council received numerous communications from Italy and Ethiopia, considered the question during its mee…
The Middle East Problem
The Security Council resolution of November 22, 1967, seems to provide for a satisfactory solution of the Middle East controversy, and it is difficult to see how there can be a satisfactory settlement except on the basis of the principles on which that resolution is based. The preamble of that resolution states three fundamental principles
The Goa Incident
The military take-over of Goa by India on December 18, 1961, was of legal importance, not only because it raised serious issues concerning the application of United Nations law, but also because it indicated a major difference between the East and the West in the interpretation of that law
United States Intervention in the Lebanon
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The Outlawry of War and the Law of War
This title appears to be self-contradictory. How can there be a law of war if war is outlawed? This apparent contradiction disappears, howover, if the distinction between “ war in the legal sense” and “ war in the material sense” is kept in mind. War in the legal sense has been in large measure “outlawed” ; that is, the international law conventionally accepted by most states no longer recognizes that large-scale hostilities may constitute a “sta…
Sovereignty of the Mandates
“The mandatory system,” said M. Rappard, director of the mandates section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations to the mandates commission at its first session, “formed a kind of compromise between the proposition advanced by the advocates of annexation, and the proposition put forward by those who wished to entrust the colonial territories to an international administration.” Compromises are apt to raise knotty problems for the lawyer and …
The Cuban Quarantine
Many problems of international law have arisen in connection with United States-Cuban relations since the establishment of the Castro regime in 1959, especially in regard to the following incidents: 1. Castro's confiscation of American property in Cuba in 1960, said to be in reprisal against the United States reduction of the Cuban sugar quota, was asserted by an American court to have been a breach of international law, and, following controvers…
Legal Aspects of the U-2 Incident
The U-2, a high-flying United States reconnaissance plane under pilot Francis G. Powers, permanently based in Turkey, but taking off from Pakistan territory with intent to cross Soviet territory and land in Norway, came down near Sverdlovsk, well within Soviet territory, on May 1, 1960. Such flights had been carried on for four years under general orders of the President, following refusal of the Soviet Government to accept the “open skies” propo…
International Law and Ideologies
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National Courts and Human Rights—The Fujii Case
In the case of Sei Fujii v. The State , the District Court of Appeals of California held that a State statute which prohibited aliens ineligible to citizenship from acquiring land within the State was “in direct conflict with the plain terms” of provisions concerning human rights in the United Nations Charter, a treaty binding upon the United States. Consequently, land granted to a Japanese in 1948 did not escheat to the State. The case involves …
National Attitudes on the Far Eastern Controversy
Students of international relations are concerned with the description, prediction, and control of the external behavior of states, particularly of their more violent types of behavior such as intervention, hostilities, and war. It is clear that mere description of a diplomatic or military event has little meaning by itself and that such an event can neither be predicted nor controlled unless account is taken of the circumstances which preceded i…
The Bombardment of Damascus
The Syrian insurrection culminating in the bombardment of Damascus in October, 1925, is an incident of a kind which has frequently marred the relations of western Powers with less advanced peoples. Thus it may be of more than passing interest to examine the conduct of the parties concerned from the standpoint of international law
Changes in the Conception of War
The phrase “ outlawry of war” has come into current usage during the past few years. It has appeared in a resolution submitted to the United States Senate, 1 in speeches by Presidents of the United States2 and in a draft treaty submitted by the Council of the League of Nations to its members. 3 As giving focus to a widespread popular demand for the elimination of war, the phrase doubtless has propaganda value, but some of its legal implications s…
The Effect of the War on International Law
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The Legal Nature of Treaties
The celebrated scrap of paper incident is perhaps thought so effective a commentary on the “legal nature” of treaties that it needs no addition. “Treaties won’t stand before policy and there’s an end on’t.” The student of history is likely to take a more cautious view. He knows that treaties have been one-sidedly abrogated before. He knows that the ambiguous phrase rebus sic stantibus has generally been an implied accompaniment of treaties, and y…
Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty
Studies in the problem of sovereignty. By Harold J. Laski, department of history, Harvard university, sometime exhibitor New college, Oxford. (New Haven: Yale university press, London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford university press, 1917. 297 p. $2.50 net) Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 4, Issue 2, September 1917, Pages 239–241, https://doi.org/10…
The Destruction of Neutral Property on Enemy Vessels
In 1785 Prussia ratified a treaty with the United States providing in its twenty-third article 1 that in case of war between the contracting powers: All merchant and trading vessels employed in exchanging the products of different places, and thereby rendering the necessaries, conveniences, and comforts of human life more fiasy to be obtained, and more general, shall be allowed to pass free and unmolested; and neither of the contracting Powers sh…
Conflicts of International Law with National laws and Ordinances
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Conflicts Between International Law and Treaties
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Foreign Relations of the United States
Journal Article Foreign relations of the United States. By Henry Raymond Mussey and Stephen Pierce Duggan. [Proceedings of the academy of political science in the city of New York, volume VII, numbers 2 and 3] (New York: Academy of political science, Columbia university, 1917. 460 p. $1.50) Get access Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 4, Issue 4…
Treaties and the Constitutional Separation of Powers in the United States
The Constitution wholeheartedly accepted Montesquieu’s theory of the separation of the powers of government into three departments, and the courts have maintained as a fundamental principle of constitutional law that no department shall exercise powers properly belonging to either of the others. The treaty-making power is established in Article II of the Constitution dealing with the executive, and consequently treaty-making has been ordinarily c…
Territorial Propinquity
In an exchange of notes of November 2, 1917, between Secretary of State Lansing and Viscount Ishii, Special Ambassador of Japan, occurs the following paragraph: The Governments of the United States and Japan recognize that territorial propinquity creates special relations between countries, and consequently, the Government of the United States recognizes that Japan has special interests in China, particularly in the part to which her possessions …
The Constitutionality of Treaties
The framers of the American Constitution did not anticipate or desire the conclusion of many treaties. For this reason they made the process of treaty conclusion difficult, requiring that the President act only with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senators present, some even wishing to require adhesion of the House of Representatives or a two-thirds majority of the entire Senate. This hope, however, has scarcely been realized. With a …
The Armistices
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The Legal Liability of the Kaiser
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Effects of the League of Nations Covenant
The League of Nations covenant is designed to "promote international coöperation and to achieve international peace and security." To accomplish the first it provides organs of conference and recommendation and coördinates the numerous international unions already existing with some new ones. To accomplish the second, the members of the league covenant to refrain from acting or to act in a specified manner, in specified circumstances. "Scrupulous…
The Path of Empire
The path of empire. A chronicle of the United States as a world power. By Carl Russell Fish. [The chronicles of America. Edited by Allen Johnson under the supervision of the committee on publications of the Yale university council] (New Haven: Yale university press, 1919. 305 p. $3.50) Get access Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 7, Issue 2, Sep…
An Introduction to the Peace Treaties
An introduction to the peace treaties. By Arthur Pearson Scott. (Chicago: University of Chicago press, 1920. 292 p. $2.00 net) Quincy Wright Quincy Wright Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 7, Issue 2, September 1920, Pages 165–166, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902668 Published: 01 September 1920
The Understandings of International Law
“The preamble of a statute,” says Justice Story, “is a key to open the mind of the makers as to the mischiefs which are to be remedied, and the objects which are to be accomplished by the provisions of the statute.”
The Control of Foreign Relations
“A treaty entering the Senate is like a bull going into the arena; no one can say just how or when the final blow will fall—but one thing is certain—it will never leave the arena alive.” When John Hay put this in his diary he had been secretary of state for six years. During this period he had seen seventeen treaties borne from the Senate, lifeless or so mutilated by amendments that they could not survive. We can pardon the harassed secretary's e…
The Control of American Foreign Relations
The Washington Conference
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The Control of American Foreign Relations
From Isolation to Leadership, Revised. A review of American foreign policy
From Isolation to Leadership ated and ratified in 1778. The aid which France extended under this treaty to our revo- lutionary ancestors in men, money, and ships enabled them to estabhsh the independence of our country. A few years later came the French Revolution, the estabHshment of the French Republic followed by the execution of Louis XVI, and in 1793 the war between Eng- land and France. With the arrival in this country of Genet, the ministe…
The Control of American Foreign Relations
Journal Article The control of American foreign relations. By Quincy Wright. (New York: The Macmillan company, 1922. 412 p. $3.25) Get access C. S. Boucher C. S. Boucher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 10, Issue 2, September 1923, Pages 203–204, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902749 Published: 01 September 1923
Sovereignty of the Mandates
“The mandatory system,” said M. Rappard, director of the mandates section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations to the mandates commission at its first session, “formed a kind of compromise between the proposition advanced by the advocates of annexation, and the proposition put forward by those who wished to entrust the colonial territories to an international administration.” Compromises are apt to raise knotty problems for the lawyer and …
International Law in its Relation to Constitutional Law
The traditional treatment of international law has almost if not wholly dissociated it from constitutional law. International law has been conceived as concerned only with the abstractions known as states—Platonic ideas, as it were, which could not be seen or felt but had their existence in a world apart, inhabited only by other abstractions such as sovereignty, independence and equality. The extent of a state's territory, the character of its pe…
Suits Brought by Foreign States with Unrecognized Governments
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