Paul Schumaker
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 277883 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Paul Schumaker |
| PRENOMES | Paul |
| SOBRENOME | Schumaker |
| ASSINATURA | SCHUMAKER P |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Kansas |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 210 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Amitai Etzioni
During his 60 year career at Columbia and George Washington Universities, Amitai Etzioni has made many contributions to interdisciplinary understandings of social movements, become a respected public intellectual addressing many American and trans-national contemporary issues, and been a founder and leader of the Commununitarian Network
John Rawls, Barack Obama, and the Pluralist Political Consensus
To counter partisan polarization, political theorists like John Rawls and political leaders like Barack Obama have sought to locate and express consensual elements of American culture that can appeal to or at least be accepted by people having political, religious, moral, and philosophical differences. While orthodox pluralism previously recognized the need for a normative consensus to regulate political struggles, a new principled pluralism expa…
Group Involvements in City Politics and Pluralist Theory
The assessments of 75 councilors and mayors in eight cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area provide global measures of group organization, activity, and influence in community politics and measures of their specific involvements in 73 issues that arose in these communities. While variations in group involvement and influence—both in exercising social control and contributing to social production—are reported, the most general findings are th…
The Public Assistance Policies of Cities and the Justice Concerns of Elected Officials
City councils are significant, though seldom central, actors in local policy networks providing public assistance to disadvantaged residents. Mayors and council members in 12 American cities more often support than oppose public assistance initiatives. They claim that their own normative judgments are more important to their preferences and voting behavior on such matters than are public opinion, group demands, or economic considerations. While s…
Ethics Matter
This article pursues the thesis that ethics matter in urban policymaking. Interviews with 95 elected officials in 12 cities revealed the officials’ support for—and opposition to—many principles of political morality and political justice. Officials regarded their ethical principles as almost as important as economic constraints on their policy decisions, and much more important than political, legal, jurisdictional, and cultural considerations. T…
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America. By George C. Edwards III. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. 224p. $26.00. George Edwards has filled the breech created by the recent death of Lawrence Longley as a powerful voice within political science opposing the electoral college. In the foreword, Longley's longtime associate, Neal Peirce, notes that one of the great puzzles of the 2000 presidential election was that it failed to prompt…
Affirmative Action, Principles of Justice, and the Evolution of Urban Theory
Analysis of interviews with 112 elected officials in 12 American cities indicates that their support for affirmative action is more strongly influenced by the justice principles they hold than by the contextual variables normally emphasized by leading urban paradigms. Allegiance to fair equal opportunity and blocking cumulative inequalities enhances support for affirmative action, whereas allegiance to maximizing aggregate utility and retaining m…
The Failing of Contemporary Liberalism
Power and Gender in the “New View” Public Schools
Power over” (involving social control and domination) is contrasted with “power to” (involving social production and collaboration). Three hypotheses drawn from feminist, democratic. and regime theories are developed and supported by ethnographic research: (a) women are more likely than men to understand power as social production, (b) social fragmentation and stronger forms of democracy in cities are encouraging the use of collaborative power, a…
Economic Justice in American Society. Robert E. Kuenne Equity in Theory and Practice. H. Peyton Young
Estimating the First and (Some of the) Third Faces of Community Power
The author provides an approach to estimating two dimensions of community power. The analysis of the first face of power concerns the direct causal impact of elected representatives, bureaucrats, notables, group leaders, individual activists, and citizens on policy decisions. The analysis of the third face of power concerns the capacity of such actors to influence policies indirectly by influencing the preferences of other actors. An examination …
Critical Pluralism, Democratic Performance, and Community Power
A central question in political science is who governs and how. Typically political scientists attempt to answer this question by relying upon either empirical analysis, which explains existing political practices, or normative analysis, which prescribes ideal political practices. Political scientist Paul Schumaker rejects this distinction between empirical and normative theory. Instead, he weds the two approaches to create the new analytical mod…
Gender Cleavages and the Resolution of Local Policy Issues
This paper presents the results of a decisional analysis of 30 recent policy issues in Lawrence, Kansas, a setting having several characteristics conducive to the effective participation of women. On 20 of these issues, cleavages or differences were observed involving men and women activists and policymakers; such cleavages were much less prevalent among citizens at large. Gender cleavages involving policymakers and activists were found to overla…
Neighborhood Mobilization and Political Power
Structural Sources of Unequal Responsiveness to Group Demands in American Cities
RECENTLY we introduced the concept of responsiveness bias in order to contribute to two major developments in urban political research (Schumaker and Getter, 1977). First is the literature concerned with political (or policy) responsiveness (see, for example, Eulau and Prewitt, 1973; 424-62; Verba and Nie, 1972: 299-343; Lineberry and Fowler, 1967; Karnig, 1975; Zeigler and Tucker, 1978; Getter and Schumaker, 1978; and Clark and Ferguson, 1981). …
Structural Sources of Unequal Responsiveness to Group Demands in American Cities
Protest Effectiveness in Southeast Asia
Protest Outcomes in the Soviet Union
Prevailing research on political protest—which use data on events in pluralist societies—stresses the importance of target characteristics and the distribution of social support as explanatory variables affecting protest outcomes. This paper questions the applicability of these findings for explaining protest outcomes in hegemonies. An analysis of 303 protest events in the USSR yields the conclusion that measures of the internal strength of prote…
The Effectiveness of Militant Tactics in Contemporary Urban Protest
Group Representation in Local Bureaucracies
This paper examines a variety of explanations for why some active groups are better represented in local bureaucracies than other active groups. An examination of 1397 group-agency relationships in 55 cities resulted in some tentative evidence supporting the following propositions: (1) The organizational structures of groups-their permanency, their cohesion, and their size—do not explain the level of group representa tion in local bureaucracies. …
The Quest for Control
Contextual Bases of Responsiveness to Citizen Preferences and Group Demands
It is frequently asserted by democratic theorists that policymakers should be highly responsive to citizen inputs. Because of its importance in normative theory, the concept of responsiveness has been the subject of many empirical investigations seeking to describe and explain the degree of responsiveness of American state and local governments. However, broad generalizations regarding the degree of responsiveness of these governments and general…
The Scope of Political Conflict and the Effectiveness of Constraints in Contemporary Urban Protest
This paper examines the effectiveness of the use of constraints (e. g., direct action tactics and violence) by protest groups. It is suggested that the development of theoretical understanding of protest movements requires that scholars turn their attention away from the question, “How effective is the use of constraints by protesters?” and instead address the more refined question, “Under what conditions is the use of constraints by protesters b…
Responsiveness Bias in 51 American Communities
This paper is concerned with responsiveness bias, a previously uninvestigated dimension of political inequality, which refers to the degree to which governments respond unequally to the public policy preferences of various community subpopulations (e.g., blacks, whites, upper-class and lower-class citizens). An empirical examination of responsiveness bias in the 51 cities of the Permanent Community Sample reveals that responsiveness is usually bi…
Policy Responsiveness to Protest-Group Demands
Policy Responsiveness to Protest-Group Demands
Responsiveness Bias in 51 American Communities
This paper is concerned with responsiveness bias, a previously uninvestigated dimension of political inequality, which refers to the degree to which governments respond unequally to the public policy preferences of various community subpopulations (e.g., blacks, whites, upper-class and lower-class citizens). An empirical examination of responsiveness bias in the 51 cities of the Permanent Community Sample reveals that responsiveness is usually bi…
Gender Cleavages and the Resolution of Local Policy Issues
This paper presents the results of a decisional analysis of 30 recent policy issues in Lawrence, Kansas, a setting having several characteristics conducive to the effective participation of women. On 20 of these issues, cleavages or differences were observed involving men and women activists and policymakers; such cleavages were much less prevalent among citizens at large. Gender cleavages involving policymakers and activists were found to overla…
Contextual Bases of Responsiveness to Citizen Preferences and Group Demands
It is frequently asserted by democratic theorists that policymakers should be highly responsive to citizen inputs. Because of its importance in normative theory, the concept of responsiveness has been the subject of many empirical investigations seeking to describe and explain the degree of responsiveness of American state and local governments. However, broad generalizations regarding the degree of responsiveness of these governments and general…
Protest Outcomes in the Soviet Union
Prevailing research on political protest—which use data on events in pluralist societies—stresses the importance of target characteristics and the distribution of social support as explanatory variables affecting protest outcomes. This paper questions the applicability of these findings for explaining protest outcomes in hegemonies. An analysis of 303 protest events in the USSR yields the conclusion that measures of the internal strength of prote…
Protest Effectiveness in Southeast Asia
Ethics Matter
This article pursues the thesis that ethics matter in urban policymaking. Interviews with 95 elected officials in 12 cities revealed the officials’ support for—and opposition to—many principles of political morality and political justice. Officials regarded their ethical principles as almost as important as economic constraints on their policy decisions, and much more important than political, legal, jurisdictional, and cultural considerations. T…
Power and Gender in the “New View” Public Schools
Power over” (involving social control and domination) is contrasted with “power to” (involving social production and collaboration). Three hypotheses drawn from feminist, democratic. and regime theories are developed and supported by ethnographic research: (a) women are more likely than men to understand power as social production, (b) social fragmentation and stronger forms of democracy in cities are encouraging the use of collaborative power, a…
The Scope of Political Conflict and the Effectiveness of Constraints in Contemporary Urban Protest
This paper examines the effectiveness of the use of constraints (e. g., direct action tactics and violence) by protest groups. It is suggested that the development of theoretical understanding of protest movements requires that scholars turn their attention away from the question, “How effective is the use of constraints by protesters?” and instead address the more refined question, “Under what conditions is the use of constraints by protesters b…
Group Involvements in City Politics and Pluralist Theory
The assessments of 75 councilors and mayors in eight cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area provide global measures of group organization, activity, and influence in community politics and measures of their specific involvements in 73 issues that arose in these communities. While variations in group involvement and influence—both in exercising social control and contributing to social production—are reported, the most general findings are th…
The Public Assistance Policies of Cities and the Justice Concerns of Elected Officials
City councils are significant, though seldom central, actors in local policy networks providing public assistance to disadvantaged residents. Mayors and council members in 12 American cities more often support than oppose public assistance initiatives. They claim that their own normative judgments are more important to their preferences and voting behavior on such matters than are public opinion, group demands, or economic considerations. While s…
Structural Sources of Unequal Responsiveness to Group Demands in American Cities
Group Representation in Local Bureaucracies
This paper examines a variety of explanations for why some active groups are better represented in local bureaucracies than other active groups. An examination of 1397 group-agency relationships in 55 cities resulted in some tentative evidence supporting the following propositions: (1) The organizational structures of groups-their permanency, their cohesion, and their size—do not explain the level of group representa tion in local bureaucracies. …
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America. By George C. Edwards III. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. 224p. $26.00. George Edwards has filled the breech created by the recent death of Lawrence Longley as a powerful voice within political science opposing the electoral college. In the foreword, Longley's longtime associate, Neal Peirce, notes that one of the great puzzles of the 2000 presidential election was that it failed to prompt…
The Quest for Control
Policy Responsiveness to Protest-Group Demands
Responsiveness Bias in 51 American Communities
This paper is concerned with responsiveness bias, a previously uninvestigated dimension of political inequality, which refers to the degree to which governments respond unequally to the public policy preferences of various community subpopulations (e.g., blacks, whites, upper-class and lower-class citizens). An empirical examination of responsiveness bias in the 51 cities of the Permanent Community Sample reveals that responsiveness is usually bi…
Group Representation in Local Bureaucracies
This paper examines a variety of explanations for why some active groups are better represented in local bureaucracies than other active groups. An examination of 1397 group-agency relationships in 55 cities resulted in some tentative evidence supporting the following propositions: (1) The organizational structures of groups-their permanency, their cohesion, and their size—do not explain the level of group representa tion in local bureaucracies. …
The Quest for Control
Contextual Bases of Responsiveness to Citizen Preferences and Group Demands
It is frequently asserted by democratic theorists that policymakers should be highly responsive to citizen inputs. Because of its importance in normative theory, the concept of responsiveness has been the subject of many empirical investigations seeking to describe and explain the degree of responsiveness of American state and local governments. However, broad generalizations regarding the degree of responsiveness of these governments and general…
The Scope of Political Conflict and the Effectiveness of Constraints in Contemporary Urban Protest
This paper examines the effectiveness of the use of constraints (e. g., direct action tactics and violence) by protest groups. It is suggested that the development of theoretical understanding of protest movements requires that scholars turn their attention away from the question, “How effective is the use of constraints by protesters?” and instead address the more refined question, “Under what conditions is the use of constraints by protesters b…
The Effectiveness of Militant Tactics in Contemporary Urban Protest
Protest Outcomes in the Soviet Union
Prevailing research on political protest—which use data on events in pluralist societies—stresses the importance of target characteristics and the distribution of social support as explanatory variables affecting protest outcomes. This paper questions the applicability of these findings for explaining protest outcomes in hegemonies. An analysis of 303 protest events in the USSR yields the conclusion that measures of the internal strength of prote…
Structural Sources of Unequal Responsiveness to Group Demands in American Cities
RECENTLY we introduced the concept of responsiveness bias in order to contribute to two major developments in urban political research (Schumaker and Getter, 1977). First is the literature concerned with political (or policy) responsiveness (see, for example, Eulau and Prewitt, 1973; 424-62; Verba and Nie, 1972: 299-343; Lineberry and Fowler, 1967; Karnig, 1975; Zeigler and Tucker, 1978; Getter and Schumaker, 1978; and Clark and Ferguson, 1981). …
Structural Sources of Unequal Responsiveness to Group Demands in American Cities
Protest Effectiveness in Southeast Asia
Neighborhood Mobilization and Political Power
Gender Cleavages and the Resolution of Local Policy Issues
This paper presents the results of a decisional analysis of 30 recent policy issues in Lawrence, Kansas, a setting having several characteristics conducive to the effective participation of women. On 20 of these issues, cleavages or differences were observed involving men and women activists and policymakers; such cleavages were much less prevalent among citizens at large. Gender cleavages involving policymakers and activists were found to overla…
Critical Pluralism, Democratic Performance, and Community Power
A central question in political science is who governs and how. Typically political scientists attempt to answer this question by relying upon either empirical analysis, which explains existing political practices, or normative analysis, which prescribes ideal political practices. Political scientist Paul Schumaker rejects this distinction between empirical and normative theory. Instead, he weds the two approaches to create the new analytical mod…
Estimating the First and (Some of the) Third Faces of Community Power
The author provides an approach to estimating two dimensions of community power. The analysis of the first face of power concerns the direct causal impact of elected representatives, bureaucrats, notables, group leaders, individual activists, and citizens on policy decisions. The analysis of the third face of power concerns the capacity of such actors to influence policies indirectly by influencing the preferences of other actors. An examination …
Economic Justice in American Society. Robert E. Kuenne Equity in Theory and Practice. H. Peyton Young
The Failing of Contemporary Liberalism
Power and Gender in the “New View” Public Schools
Power over” (involving social control and domination) is contrasted with “power to” (involving social production and collaboration). Three hypotheses drawn from feminist, democratic. and regime theories are developed and supported by ethnographic research: (a) women are more likely than men to understand power as social production, (b) social fragmentation and stronger forms of democracy in cities are encouraging the use of collaborative power, a…
Affirmative Action, Principles of Justice, and the Evolution of Urban Theory
Analysis of interviews with 112 elected officials in 12 American cities indicates that their support for affirmative action is more strongly influenced by the justice principles they hold than by the contextual variables normally emphasized by leading urban paradigms. Allegiance to fair equal opportunity and blocking cumulative inequalities enhances support for affirmative action, whereas allegiance to maximizing aggregate utility and retaining m…
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America. By George C. Edwards III. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004. 224p. $26.00. George Edwards has filled the breech created by the recent death of Lawrence Longley as a powerful voice within political science opposing the electoral college. In the foreword, Longley's longtime associate, Neal Peirce, notes that one of the great puzzles of the 2000 presidential election was that it failed to prompt…
Ethics Matter
This article pursues the thesis that ethics matter in urban policymaking. Interviews with 95 elected officials in 12 cities revealed the officials’ support for—and opposition to—many principles of political morality and political justice. Officials regarded their ethical principles as almost as important as economic constraints on their policy decisions, and much more important than political, legal, jurisdictional, and cultural considerations. T…
Group Involvements in City Politics and Pluralist Theory
The assessments of 75 councilors and mayors in eight cities in the Kansas City metropolitan area provide global measures of group organization, activity, and influence in community politics and measures of their specific involvements in 73 issues that arose in these communities. While variations in group involvement and influence—both in exercising social control and contributing to social production—are reported, the most general findings are th…
The Public Assistance Policies of Cities and the Justice Concerns of Elected Officials
City councils are significant, though seldom central, actors in local policy networks providing public assistance to disadvantaged residents. Mayors and council members in 12 American cities more often support than oppose public assistance initiatives. They claim that their own normative judgments are more important to their preferences and voting behavior on such matters than are public opinion, group demands, or economic considerations. While s…
John Rawls, Barack Obama, and the Pluralist Political Consensus
To counter partisan polarization, political theorists like John Rawls and political leaders like Barack Obama have sought to locate and express consensual elements of American culture that can appeal to or at least be accepted by people having political, religious, moral, and philosophical differences. While orthodox pluralism previously recognized the need for a normative consensus to regulate political struggles, a new principled pluralism expa…
Amitai Etzioni
During his 60 year career at Columbia and George Washington Universities, Amitai Etzioni has made many contributions to interdisciplinary understandings of social movements, become a respected public intellectual addressing many American and trans-national contemporary issues, and been a founder and leader of the Commununitarian Network
Political science (24 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Politics (20 obras) · Law (17 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Economics (10 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (10 obras) · Political economy (7 obras) · Public Administration (7 obras) · Public Administration (6 obras)