J Bowers
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 32405 |
|---|---|
| NOME | J Bowers |
| PRENOMES | J |
| SOBRENOME | Bowers |
| ASSINATURA | BOWERS J |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4048-1166 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 17 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 703 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 17 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1971 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Public Service Provision and the Virtuous Circle
Many governments struggle to obtain the resources they need to govern effectively. In the virtuous circle model of state development, tax revenue allows governments to provide public goods and services to citizens, and citizens comply with taxation when governments provide sufficient levels of goods and services. The model, however, also suggests a vicious version of the circle, where citizens do not pay taxes, governments lack revenue to provide…
A Two-Path Theory of Context Effects
Social cohesion suffers when people perceive that they live among others who differ from them, even if such people live in homogeneous neighborhoods. This article shows that (1) two individuals who live in equally diverse local contexts may not perceive the same amount of diversity in that context, nor think of the boundaries of their local community in the same way; and (2) when comparing two individuals who live in equally diverse local context…
Maps in People’s Heads
To understand the relationship between place and politics, we must measure both political attitudes and the ways in which place is represented in the minds of individuals. In this paper, we assess a new measure of mental representation of geography, in which survey respondents draw their own local communities on maps and describe them. We use a panel study in Canada to present evidence that these maps are both valid and reliable measures of a per…
Better Government, Better Science
Collaborations between the academy and governments promise to improve the lives of people, the operations of government, and our understanding of human behavior and public policy. This review shows that the evidence-informed policy movement consists of two main threads: ( a) an effort to invent new policies using insights from the social and behavioral science consensus about human behavior and institutions and ( b) an effort to evaluate the succ…
Models, methods and network topology
How to improve your relationship with your future self
This essay provides practical advice about how to do transparent and reproducible data analysis and writing. We note that doing research in this way today will not only improve the cumulation of knowledge within a discipline, but it will also improve the life of the researcher tomorrow. We organize the argument around a series of homilies that lead to concrete actions. (1) Data analysis is computer pro - gramming. (2) No data analyst is an island…
Research Note
Bowers, Fredrickson, and Panagopoulos (2013, Reasoning about interference between units: A general framework, Political Analysis 21(1):97–124; henceforth BFP) showed that one could use Fisher's randomization-based hypothesis testing framework to assess counterfactual causal models of treatment propagation and spillover across social networks. This research note improves the statistical inference presented in BFP (2013) by substituting a test stat…
Reasoning about Interference Between Units
If an experimental treatment is experienced by both treated and control group units, tests of hypotheses about causal effects may be difficult to conceptualize, let alone execute. In this article, we show how counterfactual causal models may be written and tested when theories suggest spillover or other network-based interference among experimental units. We show that the “no interference” assumption need not constrain scholars who have interesti…
Bringing the Person Back In
Place is sometimes vague or undefined in studies of context, and scholars use a range of Census units to measure “context.” In this article, we borrow from Parsons and Shils to offer a conceptualization of context. This conceptualization, and a recognition of both Lippmann’s pseudoenvironments and the statistical Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, lead us to a new measurement strategy. We propose a map-based measure to capture how ordinary people use…
Politics across Generations
We use longitudinal data incorporating three generations of Americans to reevaluate the character and consequences of political socialization within the family. Findings about parental influence based on youth coming of age in the 1990s strongly parallel those based on youth socialized in the 1960s. As expected on the basis of social learning theory, children are more likely to adopt their parents' political orientations if the family is highly p…
Covariate Balance in Simple, Stratified and Clustered Comparative Studies
In randomized experiments, treatment and control groups should be roughly the same—balanced—in their distributions of pretreatment variables. But how nearly so? Can descriptive comparisons meaningfully be paired with significance tests? If so, should there be several such tests, one for each pretreatment variable, or should there be a single, omnibus test? Could such a test be engineered to give easily computed p-values that are reliable in sampl…
EDA for HLM
Nearly all hierarchical linear models presented to political science audiences are estimated using maximum likelihood under a repeated sampling interpretation of the results of hypothesis tests. Maximum likelihood estimators have excellent asymptotic properties but less than ideal small sample properties. Multilevel models common in political science have relatively large samples of units like individuals nested within relatively small samples of…
Analyzing the 2000 National Election Study
In an earlier report, two of us (Bowers and Ensley, 2003, National Election Studies Technical Report, www.umich.edu/~nes) provided a general framework for understanding the particular strategy outlined by Fogarty et al. (in this issue). Fogarty et al.'s strategy is to make the face-to-face variables more like the random digit dial (RDD) telephone variables by trimming the ends in order to reduce the variance of the face-to-face (FTF) variables. P…
Does Moving Disrupt Campaign Activity
Findings from cross‐sectional studies cannot tell us whether moving leads to changes in civic activity, because such studies do not observe the same individual's participation before and after moves. This paper treats both moving and participation as dynamic processes, analyzing data that cover 18 years within lives of two generations of Americans. The results suggest that our general understanding about who participates cannot account for the pa…
Designing multi-level studies
Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy
In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainabi…
The Anatomy of Regional Activity Rates
Journal Article Bowers (J.). The Anatomy of Regional Activity Rates and Woodward (V. H.). Regional Social Accounts for the United Kingdom Get access The Anatomy of Regional Activity Rates. By J. Bowers. Regional Social Accounts for the United Kingdom. By V. H. Woodward. N.I.E.S.R. Regional Papers 1. (London: Cambridge University Press for the National Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1970. Pp. xiv + 176. £1.25.) John Rhodes John Rhodes …
Politics across Generations
We use longitudinal data incorporating three generations of Americans to reevaluate the character and consequences of political socialization within the family. Findings about parental influence based on youth coming of age in the 1990s strongly parallel those based on youth socialized in the 1960s. As expected on the basis of social learning theory, children are more likely to adopt their parents' political orientations if the family is highly p…
Bringing the Person Back In
Place is sometimes vague or undefined in studies of context, and scholars use a range of Census units to measure “context.” In this article, we borrow from Parsons and Shils to offer a conceptualization of context. This conceptualization, and a recognition of both Lippmann’s pseudoenvironments and the statistical Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, lead us to a new measurement strategy. We propose a map-based measure to capture how ordinary people use…
EDA for HLM
Nearly all hierarchical linear models presented to political science audiences are estimated using maximum likelihood under a repeated sampling interpretation of the results of hypothesis tests. Maximum likelihood estimators have excellent asymptotic properties but less than ideal small sample properties. Multilevel models common in political science have relatively large samples of units like individuals nested within relatively small samples of…
Designing multi-level studies
Reasoning about Interference Between Units
If an experimental treatment is experienced by both treated and control group units, tests of hypotheses about causal effects may be difficult to conceptualize, let alone execute. In this article, we show how counterfactual causal models may be written and tested when theories suggest spillover or other network-based interference among experimental units. We show that the “no interference” assumption need not constrain scholars who have interesti…
Better Government, Better Science
Collaborations between the academy and governments promise to improve the lives of people, the operations of government, and our understanding of human behavior and public policy. This review shows that the evidence-informed policy movement consists of two main threads: ( a) an effort to invent new policies using insights from the social and behavioral science consensus about human behavior and institutions and ( b) an effort to evaluate the succ…
Maps in People’s Heads
To understand the relationship between place and politics, we must measure both political attitudes and the ways in which place is represented in the minds of individuals. In this paper, we assess a new measure of mental representation of geography, in which survey respondents draw their own local communities on maps and describe them. We use a panel study in Canada to present evidence that these maps are both valid and reliable measures of a per…
Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy
In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainabi…
Does Moving Disrupt Campaign Activity
Findings from cross‐sectional studies cannot tell us whether moving leads to changes in civic activity, because such studies do not observe the same individual's participation before and after moves. This paper treats both moving and participation as dynamic processes, analyzing data that cover 18 years within lives of two generations of Americans. The results suggest that our general understanding about who participates cannot account for the pa…
Research Note
Bowers, Fredrickson, and Panagopoulos (2013, Reasoning about interference between units: A general framework, Political Analysis 21(1):97–124; henceforth BFP) showed that one could use Fisher's randomization-based hypothesis testing framework to assess counterfactual causal models of treatment propagation and spillover across social networks. This research note improves the statistical inference presented in BFP (2013) by substituting a test stat…
Analyzing the 2000 National Election Study
In an earlier report, two of us (Bowers and Ensley, 2003, National Election Studies Technical Report, www.umich.edu/~nes) provided a general framework for understanding the particular strategy outlined by Fogarty et al. (in this issue). Fogarty et al.'s strategy is to make the face-to-face variables more like the random digit dial (RDD) telephone variables by trimming the ends in order to reduce the variance of the face-to-face (FTF) variables. P…
How to improve your relationship with your future self
This essay provides practical advice about how to do transparent and reproducible data analysis and writing. We note that doing research in this way today will not only improve the cumulation of knowledge within a discipline, but it will also improve the life of the researcher tomorrow. We organize the argument around a series of homilies that lead to concrete actions. (1) Data analysis is computer pro - gramming. (2) No data analyst is an island…
The Anatomy of Regional Activity Rates
Journal Article Bowers (J.). The Anatomy of Regional Activity Rates and Woodward (V. H.). Regional Social Accounts for the United Kingdom Get access The Anatomy of Regional Activity Rates. By J. Bowers. Regional Social Accounts for the United Kingdom. By V. H. Woodward. N.I.E.S.R. Regional Papers 1. (London: Cambridge University Press for the National Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1970. Pp. xiv + 176. £1.25.) John Rhodes John Rhodes …
Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy
In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainabi…
Designing multi-level studies
Does Moving Disrupt Campaign Activity
Findings from cross‐sectional studies cannot tell us whether moving leads to changes in civic activity, because such studies do not observe the same individual's participation before and after moves. This paper treats both moving and participation as dynamic processes, analyzing data that cover 18 years within lives of two generations of Americans. The results suggest that our general understanding about who participates cannot account for the pa…
EDA for HLM
Nearly all hierarchical linear models presented to political science audiences are estimated using maximum likelihood under a repeated sampling interpretation of the results of hypothesis tests. Maximum likelihood estimators have excellent asymptotic properties but less than ideal small sample properties. Multilevel models common in political science have relatively large samples of units like individuals nested within relatively small samples of…
Analyzing the 2000 National Election Study
In an earlier report, two of us (Bowers and Ensley, 2003, National Election Studies Technical Report, www.umich.edu/~nes) provided a general framework for understanding the particular strategy outlined by Fogarty et al. (in this issue). Fogarty et al.'s strategy is to make the face-to-face variables more like the random digit dial (RDD) telephone variables by trimming the ends in order to reduce the variance of the face-to-face (FTF) variables. P…
Covariate Balance in Simple, Stratified and Clustered Comparative Studies
In randomized experiments, treatment and control groups should be roughly the same—balanced—in their distributions of pretreatment variables. But how nearly so? Can descriptive comparisons meaningfully be paired with significance tests? If so, should there be several such tests, one for each pretreatment variable, or should there be a single, omnibus test? Could such a test be engineered to give easily computed p-values that are reliable in sampl…
Politics across Generations
We use longitudinal data incorporating three generations of Americans to reevaluate the character and consequences of political socialization within the family. Findings about parental influence based on youth coming of age in the 1990s strongly parallel those based on youth socialized in the 1960s. As expected on the basis of social learning theory, children are more likely to adopt their parents' political orientations if the family is highly p…
Bringing the Person Back In
Place is sometimes vague or undefined in studies of context, and scholars use a range of Census units to measure “context.” In this article, we borrow from Parsons and Shils to offer a conceptualization of context. This conceptualization, and a recognition of both Lippmann’s pseudoenvironments and the statistical Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, lead us to a new measurement strategy. We propose a map-based measure to capture how ordinary people use…
Reasoning about Interference Between Units
If an experimental treatment is experienced by both treated and control group units, tests of hypotheses about causal effects may be difficult to conceptualize, let alone execute. In this article, we show how counterfactual causal models may be written and tested when theories suggest spillover or other network-based interference among experimental units. We show that the “no interference” assumption need not constrain scholars who have interesti…
How to improve your relationship with your future self
This essay provides practical advice about how to do transparent and reproducible data analysis and writing. We note that doing research in this way today will not only improve the cumulation of knowledge within a discipline, but it will also improve the life of the researcher tomorrow. We organize the argument around a series of homilies that lead to concrete actions. (1) Data analysis is computer pro - gramming. (2) No data analyst is an island…
Research Note
Bowers, Fredrickson, and Panagopoulos (2013, Reasoning about interference between units: A general framework, Political Analysis 21(1):97–124; henceforth BFP) showed that one could use Fisher's randomization-based hypothesis testing framework to assess counterfactual causal models of treatment propagation and spillover across social networks. This research note improves the statistical inference presented in BFP (2013) by substituting a test stat…
Models, methods and network topology
Better Government, Better Science
Collaborations between the academy and governments promise to improve the lives of people, the operations of government, and our understanding of human behavior and public policy. This review shows that the evidence-informed policy movement consists of two main threads: ( a) an effort to invent new policies using insights from the social and behavioral science consensus about human behavior and institutions and ( b) an effort to evaluate the succ…
Maps in People’s Heads
To understand the relationship between place and politics, we must measure both political attitudes and the ways in which place is represented in the minds of individuals. In this paper, we assess a new measure of mental representation of geography, in which survey respondents draw their own local communities on maps and describe them. We use a panel study in Canada to present evidence that these maps are both valid and reliable measures of a per…
Public Service Provision and the Virtuous Circle
Many governments struggle to obtain the resources they need to govern effectively. In the virtuous circle model of state development, tax revenue allows governments to provide public goods and services to citizens, and citizens comply with taxation when governments provide sufficient levels of goods and services. The model, however, also suggests a vicious version of the circle, where citizens do not pay taxes, governments lack revenue to provide…
A Two-Path Theory of Context Effects
Social cohesion suffers when people perceive that they live among others who differ from them, even if such people live in homogeneous neighborhoods. This article shows that (1) two individuals who live in equally diverse local contexts may not perceive the same amount of diversity in that context, nor think of the boundaries of their local community in the same way; and (2) when comparing two individuals who live in equally diverse local context…
Computer Science (10 obras) · Psychology (9 obras) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (8 obras) · Mathematics (7 obras) · Sociology (7 obras) · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques (6 obras) · Political science (6 obras) · Politics (6 obras) · Social Psychology (6 obras) · Statistics (6 obras)