Ron Gray
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3583667 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Ron Gray |
| PRENOMES | Ron |
| SOBRENOME | Gray |
| ASSINATURA | GRAY R |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Johns Hopkins University |
| VERIFICADO | Não |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1974 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
A Factorial Survey Investigating the Effect of Disclosing Parental Intellectual Disability on Risk Assessments by Children’s Social Workers in Child Safeguarding Scenarios
Literature suggests that, as parents, people with intellectual disabilities experience disproportionately high rates of child removal compared to other groups. A factorial survey of 191 children’s social workers investigated the effect of disclosing parental intellectual disability (ID) upon risk assessments in a range of hypothetical child safeguarding scenarios. The case scenarios depicted a range of child safeguarding situations and parents’ I…
A Factorial Survey Investigating the Effect of Disclosing Parental Intellectual Disability on Risk Assessments by Children's Social Workers in Child Safeguarding Scenarios
The British Journal of Social Work, (2020) 50, 1185–1200. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz076 In the above article, the title was originally published as ‘A Factorial Survey Investigating the Effect of Disclosing Parental Intellectual Disability on Risk Assessments by Children's Social Worker in Child Safeguarding Scenarios.’ ‘Social Worker’ has now been made plural. The author apologises for this error.
Population-level adult mortality following the expansion of antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda
There are limited data on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on population-level adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analysed data for 2000-14 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) in Uganda, where free ART was scaled up after 2004. Using non-parametric and parametric (Weibull) survival analysis, we estimated trends in average person-years lived between exact ages 15 and 50, per capita life-years lost to HIV, and the mortalit…
Caregiver versus self-reported activities of daily living among HIV-positive persons in Rakai, Uganda
Assessment of an individual's functional status, as measured by activities of daily living (ADL), is an essential element in the diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) but individuals with cognitive impairment may not accurately report ADL. We assessed agreement between self- and caregiver-reported ADL in HIV-positive persons. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-positive persons (n = 321) and HIV-negative controls (n = 134…
Health in pregnancy and post-birth
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the major factors affecting health during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period and outline the evidence for interventions to improve outcomes in women and their children. Design/methodology/approach – Selective review of the literature. A number of electronic bibliographic databases were searched, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed and PsycINFO, for relevant studie…
Violence as a public health problem
Intimate partner violence is associated with incident HIV infection in women in Uganda
OBJECTIVES: To quantify the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and incident HIV infection in women in the Rakai Community Cohort Study between 2000 and 2009. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were from the Rakai Community Cohort Study annual surveys between 2000 and 2009. Longitudinal data analysis was used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of incident HIV associated with IPV in sexually active women aged 15-49 years, us…
Risk and Protective Correlates of Young Women s First Sexual Experiences in Rakai, Uganda
CONTEXT: Sexually active young women bear the brunt of the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information is needed on risk and protective correlates at the family, partner and individual level for the design of programs to encourage safer sexual behaviors and reduce HIV risk among young women. METHODS: The study was conducted among 1,675 sexually experienced women aged 15-24 living in Rakai, Uganda. The sample was taken from an ongoing communit…
A Public Health Approach to Intimate Partner Violence Prevention in Uganda
Research from Rakai, Uganda, suggests intimate partner violence (IPV) is common and attitudes condoning it are widespread. We used a public health approach to develop and implement an evidence-based IPV prevention intervention named the Safe Homes and Respect for Everyone (SHARE) Project. SHARE was designed on the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change and adapted IPV prevention strategies from Raising Voices and Stepping Stones. SHARE was imp…
Light drinking during pregnancy
BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between light drinking during pregnancy and the risk of socioemotional problems and cognitive deficits at age 5 years. METHODS: Data from the nationally representative prospective UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=11,513) were used. Participants were grouped according to mothers' reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy: never drinker; not in pregnancy; light; moderate; heavy/binge. At age 5 years…
Non-enrollment for free community HIV care
Improved understanding of HIV-related health-seeking behavior at a population level is important in informing the design of more effective HIV prevention and care strategies. We assessed the frequency and determinants of failure to seek free HIV care in Rakai, Uganda. HIV-positive participants in a community cohort who accepted VCT were referred for free HIV care (cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, CD4 monitoring, treatment of opportunistic infections, a…
The relationship between household income and childhood respiratory health in the United Kingdom
Systematic review of the fetal effects of prenatal binge-drinking
Coerced First Intercourse and Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Women in Rakai, Uganda
CONTEXT: Although there is increasing recognition of the scope and significance of sexual coercion experienced by adolescent women in developing countries, evidence on its consequences for reproductive health remains limited. METHODS: A sample of 575 sexually experienced 15-19-year-old women were interviewed in 2001-2002 as part of the ongoing Rakai surveillance project in rural Uganda. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to inves…
Coercive sex in rural Uganda
Does biological relatedness affect child survival
Objective: We studied child survival in Rakai, Uganda where many children are fostered out or orphaned. Methods: Biological relatedness is measured as the average of the Wrightâ s coefficients between each household member and the child. Instrumen
The Effect of Fecundity of Pill Acceptance During Postpartum Amenorrhea
This article examines the results of a previous study conducted in Matlab Thana, Bangladesh. That study suggested that women who accepted the pill during postpartum amenorrhea experienced an actual decrease in the interval to the next pregnancy, while the group of nonacceptors experienced no such decrease in the birth interval. This article suggests that there might have been problems of bias in the selection of the groups as well as with the met…
Biological and social interactions in the determination of late fertility
The biological and social factors which may interact to determine the level and pattern of fertility during the last decades of the reproductive life are complex, and because of the paucity of data, the mechanisms regulating fertility at late ages must in part remain speculative. This review focuses on two major questions. First, why is there a decline of fertility prior to the menopause? Second, why does reproduction cease at the menopause and w…
A field study of the choice and continuity of use of three contraceptive methods in a rural area of Thailand
The present study was designed to assess the preference for and the continuation rates achieved with two previously available contraceptives (the pill and the IUD), and one newly introduced method (depomedroxypro-gesterone acetate, or DMPA), in a rural area of Thailand. After the presentation of balanced educational material on the three contraceptives, women were offered a free choice of method. It was found that 73·8% of all women adopted DMPA …
A reply to Mr Palloni’s comments
The protracted and inconclusive debate on the cause of the post-war mortality decline in Ceylon reflects our ignorance of this complex historical event and although I am reticent to prolong this already lengthy discussion, I feel that it is necessary to reply to certain points raised by Mr Palloni. The object of my paper 'The Decline of Mortality in Ceylon and the Demographic Effects of Malaria Control'(9) was to re-examine some of the past work …
An estimate of the demographic effects of malaria control
Violence as a public health problem
Coercive sex in rural Uganda
Does biological relatedness affect child survival
Objective: We studied child survival in Rakai, Uganda where many children are fostered out or orphaned. Methods: Biological relatedness is measured as the average of the Wrightâ s coefficients between each household member and the child. Instrumen
Light drinking during pregnancy
BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between light drinking during pregnancy and the risk of socioemotional problems and cognitive deficits at age 5 years. METHODS: Data from the nationally representative prospective UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=11,513) were used. Participants were grouped according to mothers' reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy: never drinker; not in pregnancy; light; moderate; heavy/binge. At age 5 years…
A Public Health Approach to Intimate Partner Violence Prevention in Uganda
Research from Rakai, Uganda, suggests intimate partner violence (IPV) is common and attitudes condoning it are widespread. We used a public health approach to develop and implement an evidence-based IPV prevention intervention named the Safe Homes and Respect for Everyone (SHARE) Project. SHARE was designed on the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change and adapted IPV prevention strategies from Raising Voices and Stepping Stones. SHARE was imp…
The relationship between household income and childhood respiratory health in the United Kingdom
An estimate of the demographic effects of malaria control
A reply to Mr Palloni’s comments
The protracted and inconclusive debate on the cause of the post-war mortality decline in Ceylon reflects our ignorance of this complex historical event and although I am reticent to prolong this already lengthy discussion, I feel that it is necessary to reply to certain points raised by Mr Palloni. The object of my paper 'The Decline of Mortality in Ceylon and the Demographic Effects of Malaria Control'(9) was to re-examine some of the past work …
A field study of the choice and continuity of use of three contraceptive methods in a rural area of Thailand
The present study was designed to assess the preference for and the continuation rates achieved with two previously available contraceptives (the pill and the IUD), and one newly introduced method (depomedroxypro-gesterone acetate, or DMPA), in a rural area of Thailand. After the presentation of balanced educational material on the three contraceptives, women were offered a free choice of method. It was found that 73·8% of all women adopted DMPA …
Biological and social interactions in the determination of late fertility
The biological and social factors which may interact to determine the level and pattern of fertility during the last decades of the reproductive life are complex, and because of the paucity of data, the mechanisms regulating fertility at late ages must in part remain speculative. This review focuses on two major questions. First, why is there a decline of fertility prior to the menopause? Second, why does reproduction cease at the menopause and w…
The Effect of Fecundity of Pill Acceptance During Postpartum Amenorrhea
This article examines the results of a previous study conducted in Matlab Thana, Bangladesh. That study suggested that women who accepted the pill during postpartum amenorrhea experienced an actual decrease in the interval to the next pregnancy, while the group of nonacceptors experienced no such decrease in the birth interval. This article suggests that there might have been problems of bias in the selection of the groups as well as with the met…
Does biological relatedness affect child survival
Objective: We studied child survival in Rakai, Uganda where many children are fostered out or orphaned. Methods: Biological relatedness is measured as the average of the Wrightâ s coefficients between each household member and the child. Instrumen
Coerced First Intercourse and Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Women in Rakai, Uganda
CONTEXT: Although there is increasing recognition of the scope and significance of sexual coercion experienced by adolescent women in developing countries, evidence on its consequences for reproductive health remains limited. METHODS: A sample of 575 sexually experienced 15-19-year-old women were interviewed in 2001-2002 as part of the ongoing Rakai surveillance project in rural Uganda. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to inves…
Coercive sex in rural Uganda
Systematic review of the fetal effects of prenatal binge-drinking
The relationship between household income and childhood respiratory health in the United Kingdom
Non-enrollment for free community HIV care
Improved understanding of HIV-related health-seeking behavior at a population level is important in informing the design of more effective HIV prevention and care strategies. We assessed the frequency and determinants of failure to seek free HIV care in Rakai, Uganda. HIV-positive participants in a community cohort who accepted VCT were referred for free HIV care (cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, CD4 monitoring, treatment of opportunistic infections, a…
A Public Health Approach to Intimate Partner Violence Prevention in Uganda
Research from Rakai, Uganda, suggests intimate partner violence (IPV) is common and attitudes condoning it are widespread. We used a public health approach to develop and implement an evidence-based IPV prevention intervention named the Safe Homes and Respect for Everyone (SHARE) Project. SHARE was designed on the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change and adapted IPV prevention strategies from Raising Voices and Stepping Stones. SHARE was imp…
Light drinking during pregnancy
BACKGROUND: This study examines the relationship between light drinking during pregnancy and the risk of socioemotional problems and cognitive deficits at age 5 years. METHODS: Data from the nationally representative prospective UK Millennium Cohort Study (N=11,513) were used. Participants were grouped according to mothers' reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy: never drinker; not in pregnancy; light; moderate; heavy/binge. At age 5 years…
Intimate partner violence is associated with incident HIV infection in women in Uganda
OBJECTIVES: To quantify the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and incident HIV infection in women in the Rakai Community Cohort Study between 2000 and 2009. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were from the Rakai Community Cohort Study annual surveys between 2000 and 2009. Longitudinal data analysis was used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of incident HIV associated with IPV in sexually active women aged 15-49 years, us…
Risk and Protective Correlates of Young Women s First Sexual Experiences in Rakai, Uganda
CONTEXT: Sexually active young women bear the brunt of the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information is needed on risk and protective correlates at the family, partner and individual level for the design of programs to encourage safer sexual behaviors and reduce HIV risk among young women. METHODS: The study was conducted among 1,675 sexually experienced women aged 15-24 living in Rakai, Uganda. The sample was taken from an ongoing communit…
Health in pregnancy and post-birth
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the major factors affecting health during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period and outline the evidence for interventions to improve outcomes in women and their children. Design/methodology/approach – Selective review of the literature. A number of electronic bibliographic databases were searched, including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed and PsycINFO, for relevant studie…
Violence as a public health problem
Caregiver versus self-reported activities of daily living among HIV-positive persons in Rakai, Uganda
Assessment of an individual's functional status, as measured by activities of daily living (ADL), is an essential element in the diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) but individuals with cognitive impairment may not accurately report ADL. We assessed agreement between self- and caregiver-reported ADL in HIV-positive persons. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-positive persons (n = 321) and HIV-negative controls (n = 134…
A Factorial Survey Investigating the Effect of Disclosing Parental Intellectual Disability on Risk Assessments by Children’s Social Workers in Child Safeguarding Scenarios
Literature suggests that, as parents, people with intellectual disabilities experience disproportionately high rates of child removal compared to other groups. A factorial survey of 191 children’s social workers investigated the effect of disclosing parental intellectual disability (ID) upon risk assessments in a range of hypothetical child safeguarding scenarios. The case scenarios depicted a range of child safeguarding situations and parents’ I…
A Factorial Survey Investigating the Effect of Disclosing Parental Intellectual Disability on Risk Assessments by Children's Social Workers in Child Safeguarding Scenarios
The British Journal of Social Work, (2020) 50, 1185–1200. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz076 In the above article, the title was originally published as ‘A Factorial Survey Investigating the Effect of Disclosing Parental Intellectual Disability on Risk Assessments by Children's Social Worker in Child Safeguarding Scenarios.’ ‘Social Worker’ has now been made plural. The author apologises for this error.
Population-level adult mortality following the expansion of antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda
There are limited data on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on population-level adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analysed data for 2000-14 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) in Uganda, where free ART was scaled up after 2004. Using non-parametric and parametric (Weibull) survival analysis, we estimated trends in average person-years lived between exact ages 15 and 50, per capita life-years lost to HIV, and the mortalit…
Medicine (18 obras) · Demography (10 obras) · Environmental health (10 obras) · Population (10 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (8 obras) · Psychiatry (8 obras) · Psychology (7 obras) · Intimate Partner and Family Violence (6 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (5 obras) · Poison control (5 obras)