Robert S Wilson
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3630255 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Robert S Wilson |
| PRENOMES | Robert S |
| SOBRENOME | Wilson |
| ASSINATURA | WILSON R S |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Rush University Medical Center |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6334-0684 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 235 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1938 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Trends over 45 years in personality traits among older populations
Objective Substantial literature indicates that personality traits are integral to well-being and health in aging. We examined time trends in personality over birth cohorts spanning 45 years. Methods We used two community-based studies of 3,000 older adults at Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, continuously enrolled since the 1990s and born across seven birth cohorts: 1905–1914, 1915–1919, 1920–1924, 1925–1929, 1930–1934, 1935–1939, and 1940–1950. …
Perceived Stress, Blood Biomarkers, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
INTRODUCTION: There is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding how perceived stress may influence the relationship between serum-measured biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. METHODS: This study consists of 1118 older adult participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP) (60% Black participants and 63% female participants). Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to examine the role of perceived s…
Reversal of nuclear-conventional entanglement in outer space
In recent years, scholars have grappled with the risks and conditions of nuclear-conventional entanglement. One of the examples of entanglement discussed in the academic literature is U.S. nuclear command and control satellites, which have historically served both nuclear and conventional missions. From 2017 to 2019, the U.S. Air Force made a series of programmatic decisions that would, at least in part, reverse this entanglement, separating nucl…
Race and Apolipoprotein E-e4 Allele Status Differences in the Association Between Loneliness and Cognitive Decline
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine race and apolipoprotein E-e4 allele (APOE-e4) status differences in the longitudinal associations between loneliness and cognitive decline. METHODS: The study sample is composed of participants ( N = 7696, 64% Black participants and 36% White participants) from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a population-based cohort study. Mixed-effects regression models were conducted to examine the longitudinal ass…
Change in Decision-Making Analysis and Preferences in Old Age
Decision making analysis and preferences change over time in late life. Change over time in decision making components is relatively independent and differentially related to age and cognitive reserve
Well-Being and Aging-Related Decline in Financial and Health Literacy in Advanced Age
This study suggests that well-being helps stave off aging-related literacy decline
Population estimate of people with clinical Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in the United States (2020–2060)
Perceived Impediments to Completed Brain Autopsies Among Diverse Older Adults Who Have Signed a Uniform Anatomical Gift Act for Brain Donation for Clinical Research
Diverse older adults expressed different perceived impediments to having brain autopsies completed upon their death. Continuous education for diverse older adults and their family members regarding brain donation for clinical research, including clear guidelines and processes, may facilitate completed brain autopsies among diverse older adults
Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning
Baseline cognition was poorer in individuals born and residing in the South, particularly those attending desegregated schools at age 12
Associations of literacy with diabetes indicators in older adults
BACKGROUND: Literacy, the ability to access, understand and utilise information and concepts from diverse sources in ways that promote good outcomes is key to successful ageing. Domain-specific health and financial literacy are particularly relevant to older adults as they face increasingly complex health and financial demands including those related to chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. We therefore investigated the associations of literac…
Association of Financial Literacy With Hospitalization in Community-dwelling Older Adults
BACKGROUND: Lowering the likelihood of hospitalization in older adults is a major public health goal for modern health care systems. Emerging data suggest that financial literacy is an important determinant of health outcomes in old age, but the relationship with hospitalization has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that better financial literacy is related to lower risk of hospitalization in older persons. DESIGN: Prospective …
Decline in Literacy and Incident AD Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Declining literacy among community-dwelling older persons predicts adverse cognitive outcomes and serves as an early indicator of impending dementia
Secular Trends in Cognitive Performance in Older Black and White U.S. Adults, 1993–2012
Between 1993 and 2012, secular trends in cognitive performance in this established cohort did not follow a clear pattern of improvement, contrasting with previous research. But patterns differed by cognitive domain, performance level, and race
Gene-Behavior Interaction of Depressive Symptoms and the Apolipoprotein E [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 Allele on Cognitive Decline
OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele are independent risk factors for cognitive decline. However, it is not clear whether the presence of both depressive symptoms and the APOE ε4 allele increases cognitive decline. METHODS: A prospective study of a population-based sample of 4150 (70% African American and 63% women) participants 65 years and older who were interviewed at 3-year intervals was conducted. Depressi…
Perceived Stress and Change in Cognitive Function Among Adults 65 Years and Older
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to acute and chronic stress can affect learning and memory, but most evidence comes from animal studies or clinical observations. Almost no population-based studies have investigated the relation of stress to cognition or changes in cognition over time. We examined whether higher levels of perceived stress were associated with accelerated decline in cognitive function in older blacks and whites from a community-based populatio…
Accounting for Bias Due to Selective Attrition
BACKGROUND: Selective attrition may introduce bias into analyses of the determinants of cognitive decline. This is a concern especially for risk factors, such as smoking, that strongly influence mortality and dropout. Using inverse-probability-of-attrition weights, we examined the influence of selective attrition on the estimated association of current smoking (vs. never smoking) with cognitive decline. METHODS: Chicago Health and Aging Project p…
Social disorder, Apoe-E4 genotype, and change in cognitive function among older adults living in Chicago
Late-Life Social Activity and Cognitive Decline in Old Age
We examined the association of social activity with cognitive decline in 1138 persons without dementia at baseline with a mean age of 79.6 ( SD = 7.5) who were followed for up to 12 years (mean = 5.2; SD = 2.8). Using mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, social network size, depression, chronic conditions, disability, neuroticism, extraversion, cognitive activity, and physical activity, more social activity was associated with les…
Harm Avoidance and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that harm avoidance, a trait associated with behavioral inhibition, is associated with the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: A total of 791 adults 55 years and older without dementia completed a standard self-report measure of harm avoidance. They then underwent annual evaluations that included detailed cognitive testing and clinical classification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia,…
Social Engagement and Cognitive Function in Old Age
We examined the association of diverse measures of social engagement with level of function in multiple cognitive domains in 838 persons without dementia who had a mean age of 80.2 (SD = 7.5). Social network size, frequency of social activity, and level of perceived social support were assessed in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and other covariates. Social activity and social support were related to better cognitive fu…
Hostility and Change in Cognitive Function Over Time in Older Blacks and Whites
OBJECTIVE: To test whether the level of hostility predicted the rate of cognitive decline in a community of older blacks and whites and whether the association varied as a function of race. METHODS: Over 4800 persons from a defined community in Chicago completed up to three structured interviews at approximately 3 year intervals over a period of up to 8.8 years (mean = 4.4 years). At the baseline interview, hostility was assessed with 8-items fro…
Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development
In this monograph, we ask whether various kinds of intellectual, physical, and social activities produce cognitive enrichment effects—that is, whether they improve cognitive performance at different points of the adult life span, with a particular emphasis on old age. We begin with a theoretical framework that emphasizes the potential of behavior to influence levels of cognitive functioning. According to this framework, the undeniable presence of…
Perceived Discrimination and Mortality in a Population-Based Study of Older Adults
Perceived discrimination was associated with increased mortality risk in a general population of older adults. The results suggest that subjective experience of interpersonal mistreatment is toxic in old age. This study adds to a growing literature documenting discrimination as an important social determinant of health
Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
CONTEXT: Social isolation in old age has been associated with risk of developing dementia, but the risk associated with perceived isolation, or loneliness, is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that loneliness is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN: Longitudinal clinicopathologic cohort study with up to 4 years of annual in-home follow-up. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 823 older persons free of dementia…
Chronic Distress, Age-Related Neuropathology, and Late-Life Dementia
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test whether common age-related neuropathology could account for the relation of chronic distress to dementia. METHODS: In a selected cohort of more than 1000 older Catholic clergy members undergoing annual clinical evaluations, 326 persons died, of whom 306 (94%) underwent brain autopsy, the results of which were available in 219 (mean age at death = 85.4, standard deviation [SD] = 6.6; mean postmort…
Perceived Discrimination and Mortality in a Population-Based Study of Older Adults
Perceived discrimination was associated with increased mortality risk in a general population of older adults. The results suggest that subjective experience of interpersonal mistreatment is toxic in old age. This study adds to a growing literature documenting discrimination as an important social determinant of health
Racial Differences in Perceived Discrimination in a Community Population of Older Blacks and Whites
These findings suggest that older Blacks perceive more discrimination than do older Whites. This may have important implications for health differences between older Blacks and Whites
Social disorder, Apoe-E4 genotype, and change in cognitive function among older adults living in Chicago
Personality and Mortality in Old Age
We examined the relation of personality to mortality in 883 older Catholic clergy members (69% women). At baseline, they completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, which assesses the five principal dimensions of personality. They were followed for a mean of 5.1 years, during which 182 deaths occurred. Risk of death was nearly doubled in those with a high neuroticism score (90th percentile) compared with a low score (10th percentile) and was approxi…
Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning
Baseline cognition was poorer in individuals born and residing in the South, particularly those attending desegregated schools at age 12
Theory and Practice of Social Case Work
Secular Trends in Cognitive Performance in Older Black and White U.S. Adults, 1993–2012
Between 1993 and 2012, secular trends in cognitive performance in this established cohort did not follow a clear pattern of improvement, contrasting with previous research. But patterns differed by cognitive domain, performance level, and race
Problems of Administration in Social Work
Decline in Literacy and Incident AD Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Declining literacy among community-dwelling older persons predicts adverse cognitive outcomes and serves as an early indicator of impending dementia
The Trailer Home.Blackburn Sims
Theory and Practice of Social Case Work
Problems of Administration in Social Work
Psychological features of Huntington's disease and the problem of early detection
Huntington's disease (HD) is a chronic degenerative neurologic disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Symptom onset typically occurs at about age 40, and considerable effort has been expended in attempts to diagnose the disorder prior to the childbearing years. We review attempts to use psychological tests in early diagnosis. Specifically, we identify variables that show promise as early markers of the disorder, review evidence that a…
Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease
CONTEXT: Frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities has been hypothesized to reduce risk of Alzheimer disease (AD), but prospective data regarding an association are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that frequent participation in cognitive activities is associated with a reduced risk of AD. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study with baseline evaluations performed between January 1994 and July 2001 and mean follow-up of 4.5…
Personality and Mortality in Old Age
We examined the relation of personality to mortality in 883 older Catholic clergy members (69% women). At baseline, they completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, which assesses the five principal dimensions of personality. They were followed for a mean of 5.1 years, during which 182 deaths occurred. Risk of death was nearly doubled in those with a high neuroticism score (90th percentile) compared with a low score (10th percentile) and was approxi…
Racial Differences in Perceived Discrimination in a Community Population of Older Blacks and Whites
These findings suggest that older Blacks perceive more discrimination than do older Whites. This may have important implications for health differences between older Blacks and Whites
Do Depressive Symptoms Predict Declines in Physical Performance in an Elderly, Biracial Population
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether depressive symptoms, assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), predicted change in physical function in elderly adults. METHODS: Participants were from a biracial, population-based sample of adults aged 65 and older (N: 4069; 61% black; 61% female). Physical function was assessed as a summary performance measure of tandem stand, measured walk, and repeated chair stand (…
Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Mortality in a Defined Population of Older Persons
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the association of the personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion with risk of death in old age. METHODS: A census was taken of a geographically defined urban community in Chicago, and those aged 65 years or older were invited to participate in an in-home interview; 6158 (79% of those eligible) did so. The interview included brief measures of neuroticism and extraversion, medical history,…
Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
CONTEXT: Social isolation in old age has been associated with risk of developing dementia, but the risk associated with perceived isolation, or loneliness, is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that loneliness is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). DESIGN: Longitudinal clinicopathologic cohort study with up to 4 years of annual in-home follow-up. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 823 older persons free of dementia…
Chronic Distress, Age-Related Neuropathology, and Late-Life Dementia
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test whether common age-related neuropathology could account for the relation of chronic distress to dementia. METHODS: In a selected cohort of more than 1000 older Catholic clergy members undergoing annual clinical evaluations, 326 persons died, of whom 306 (94%) underwent brain autopsy, the results of which were available in 219 (mean age at death = 85.4, standard deviation [SD] = 6.6; mean postmort…
Frailty is Associated With Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline in the Elderly
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between frailty and incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. Frailty is common in older persons and associated with adverse health outcomes. METHODS: Study subjects included 823 older persons without dementia who participated in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a longitudinal study of aging, and underwent annual assessments of frailty, cognition, and diagnostic evaluation for AD. RESULTS: Dur…
Terminal Cognitive Decline
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that rate of cognitive decline accelerates in the last years of life. METHODS: Participants are 853 older persons without dementia at study onset. For up to 8 years, they underwent annual clinical evaluations that included a battery of 19 cognitive tests from which previously established composite measures of global cognition and specific cognitive domains were derived. In analyses, we used linear mixed-effects m…
Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development
In this monograph, we ask whether various kinds of intellectual, physical, and social activities produce cognitive enrichment effects—that is, whether they improve cognitive performance at different points of the adult life span, with a particular emphasis on old age. We begin with a theoretical framework that emphasizes the potential of behavior to influence levels of cognitive functioning. According to this framework, the undeniable presence of…
Perceived Discrimination and Mortality in a Population-Based Study of Older Adults
Perceived discrimination was associated with increased mortality risk in a general population of older adults. The results suggest that subjective experience of interpersonal mistreatment is toxic in old age. This study adds to a growing literature documenting discrimination as an important social determinant of health
Social Engagement and Cognitive Function in Old Age
We examined the association of diverse measures of social engagement with level of function in multiple cognitive domains in 838 persons without dementia who had a mean age of 80.2 (SD = 7.5). Social network size, frequency of social activity, and level of perceived social support were assessed in linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and other covariates. Social activity and social support were related to better cognitive fu…
Hostility and Change in Cognitive Function Over Time in Older Blacks and Whites
OBJECTIVE: To test whether the level of hostility predicted the rate of cognitive decline in a community of older blacks and whites and whether the association varied as a function of race. METHODS: Over 4800 persons from a defined community in Chicago completed up to three structured interviews at approximately 3 year intervals over a period of up to 8.8 years (mean = 4.4 years). At the baseline interview, hostility was assessed with 8-items fro…
Late-Life Social Activity and Cognitive Decline in Old Age
We examined the association of social activity with cognitive decline in 1138 persons without dementia at baseline with a mean age of 79.6 ( SD = 7.5) who were followed for up to 12 years (mean = 5.2; SD = 2.8). Using mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, social network size, depression, chronic conditions, disability, neuroticism, extraversion, cognitive activity, and physical activity, more social activity was associated with les…
Harm Avoidance and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that harm avoidance, a trait associated with behavioral inhibition, is associated with the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: A total of 791 adults 55 years and older without dementia completed a standard self-report measure of harm avoidance. They then underwent annual evaluations that included detailed cognitive testing and clinical classification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia,…
Accounting for Bias Due to Selective Attrition
BACKGROUND: Selective attrition may introduce bias into analyses of the determinants of cognitive decline. This is a concern especially for risk factors, such as smoking, that strongly influence mortality and dropout. Using inverse-probability-of-attrition weights, we examined the influence of selective attrition on the estimated association of current smoking (vs. never smoking) with cognitive decline. METHODS: Chicago Health and Aging Project p…
Social disorder, Apoe-E4 genotype, and change in cognitive function among older adults living in Chicago
Gene-Behavior Interaction of Depressive Symptoms and the Apolipoprotein E [Latin Small Letter Open E]4 Allele on Cognitive Decline
OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele are independent risk factors for cognitive decline. However, it is not clear whether the presence of both depressive symptoms and the APOE ε4 allele increases cognitive decline. METHODS: A prospective study of a population-based sample of 4150 (70% African American and 63% women) participants 65 years and older who were interviewed at 3-year intervals was conducted. Depressi…
Perceived Stress and Change in Cognitive Function Among Adults 65 Years and Older
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to acute and chronic stress can affect learning and memory, but most evidence comes from animal studies or clinical observations. Almost no population-based studies have investigated the relation of stress to cognition or changes in cognition over time. We examined whether higher levels of perceived stress were associated with accelerated decline in cognitive function in older blacks and whites from a community-based populatio…
Decline in Literacy and Incident AD Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons
Declining literacy among community-dwelling older persons predicts adverse cognitive outcomes and serves as an early indicator of impending dementia
Secular Trends in Cognitive Performance in Older Black and White U.S. Adults, 1993–2012
Between 1993 and 2012, secular trends in cognitive performance in this established cohort did not follow a clear pattern of improvement, contrasting with previous research. But patterns differed by cognitive domain, performance level, and race
Psychology (29 obras) · Medicine (27 obras) · Cognition (18 obras) · Psychiatry (18 obras) · Gerontology (17 obras) · Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research (16 obras) · Demography (14 obras) · Disease (14 obras) · Gerontology (14 obras) · Dementia (13 obras)