John W Williams
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 3636993 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John W Williams |
| PRENOMES | John W |
| SOBRENOME | Williams |
| ASSINATURA | WILLIAMS J W |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6046-9634 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 32 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1897 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Range Mapper
Here, we describe our process of developing Range Mapper, a new set of online interactive and animated visualizations of plant taxon range shifts since the Last Glacial Maximum. These animated maps of taxa distributions since the last deglaciation, based upon spatiotemporal networks of fossil occurrences, offer adaptable visualizations of species range shifts in response to past climate and other environmental changes. They are designed to be use…
Eric C. Grimm 1951–2020
The untimely death of Eric Grimm on 15th November 2020 in Jefferson, South Dakota is a much regretted loss to the global community of palynologists to which he contributed so much. Eric was a distinguished research palaeoecologist, a skilful and amusing companion in the field and one of the most widely known palynologists of his generation (Fig. He is best remembered for his advocacy of open and shared international databases for fossil pollen an…
Comparison of settlement-era vegetation reconstructions for STEPPS and Reveals pollen–vegetation models in the northeastern United States
Reconstructions of prehistoric vegetation composition help establish natural baselines, variability, and trajectories of forest dynamics before and during the emergence of intensive anthropogenic land use. Pollen–vegetation models (PVMs) enable such reconstructions from fossil pollen assemblages using process-based representations of taxon-specific pollen production and dispersal. However, several PVMs and variants now exist, and the sensitivity …
Late Quaternary vegetation, climate, and fire history of the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Plain based on a 30,000-yr multi-proxy record from White Pond, South Carolina, USA
The patterns and drivers of late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the southeastern United States are poorly understood due to low site density, problematic chronologies, and a paucity of independent paleoclimate proxy records. We present a well-dated (15 accelerator mass spectrometry 14 C dates) 30,000-yr record from White Pond, South Carolina that consists of high-resolution analyses of fossil pollen, macroscopic charcoal, and Sporormiella spor…
Qualitative Exploration of Engaging Patients as Advisors in a Program of Evidence Synthesis
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing expectation for research to involve patient stakeholders. Yet little guidance exists regarding patient-engaged research in evidence synthesis. Embedded in a learning health care system, the Veteran Affairs Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP) provides an ideal environment for exploring patient-engaged research in a program of evidence synthesis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore views, barriers, …
The Neotoma Paleoecology Database, a multiproxy, international, community-curated data resource
The Neotoma Paleoecology Database is a community-curated data resource that supports interdisciplinary global change research by enabling broad-scale studies of taxon and community diversity, distributions, and dynamics during the large environmental changes of the past. By consolidating many kinds of data into a common repository, Neotoma lowers costs of paleodata management, makes paleoecological data openly available, and offers a high-quality…
Disproportionate magnitude of climate change in United States national parks
Anthropogenic climate change is altering ecological and human systems globally, including in United States (US) national parks, which conserve unique biodiversity and resources. Yet, the magnitude and spatial patterns of climate change across all the parks have been unknown. Here, in the first spatial analysis of historical and projected temperature and precipitation across all 417 US national parks, we show that climate change exposes the nation…
The effects of anthropogenic land cover change on pollen-vegetation relationships in the American Midwest
Pronounced variations in Fagus grandifolia abundances in the Great Lakes region during the Holocene
Mesic tree species such as Fagus grandifolia and Tsuga canadensis experienced multiple abundance declines in eastern North America during the last 8000 years, but the causes remain unclear. This paper presents a new sub-centennial record of Holocene vegetation, fire and sedimentological changes at Spicer Lake, IN, to test hypotheses about the role of fire and hydrological variations on shifts in vegetation composition. Four pollen zones are repor…
Neotoma
Paleoecological data are integral to ecological and evolutionary analyses. First, they provide an opportunity to study ecological and evolutionary interactions between communities and abiotic environments across time scales. Second, they allow us to study the long-term outcomes of processes that occur infrequently, such as megadroughts, hurricanes, and rapid climate change. Third, the past allows us to study ecological processes in the absence of…
Vegetation history in central Kentucky and Tennessee (USA) during the last glacial and deglacial periods
Knowledge about vegetation dynamics during the last glacial and deglacial periods in southeastern North America is under-constrained owing to low site density and problematic chronologies. New pollen records from two classic sites, Anderson Pond, TN, and Jackson Pond, KY, supported by AMS 14 C age models, span 25.2–13.7 ka and 31.0–15.4 ka, respectively. A transition from Pinus dominance to Picea dominance is recorded at Jackson Pond ca. 26.2 ka,…
Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere
Apsa Teaching and Learning Conference Track Summaries
Assessment, particularly program assessment, has reached a new height in the APSA with the publication of an edited volume, Assessment in Political Science (2008), followed by the appointment in 2010 of an association-wide working group on assessment. This task force has been asked to investigate current practices in program assessment and make recommendations regarding the role that the APSA should play to help departments and faculty conduct as…
Influences of climate, cattle density, and lake morphology on Sporormiella abundances in modern lake sediments in the US Great Plains
Sporormiella, a genus of coprophilous fungus, is increasingly used as a qualitative proxy for megafaunal density. Decreased spore abundances in Late-Pleistocene and Holocene sediments are thought to signal prehistoric megafaunal population declines and extinctions. However, much remains unknown regarding the dispersal, deposition, and preservation of Sporormiella, hindering interpretation. Here we collected lake-center and lake-margin surface-sed…
Uptake of Web-Based Clinical Resources from the MacArthur Initiative on Depression and Primary Care
Barrier requirements as the evolutionary “driver” of epidermal pigmentation in humans
Current explanations for the development of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution are not tenable as stand‐alone hypotheses. Accordingly, we assessed instead whether xeric‐ and UV‐B‐induced stress to the epidermal permeability barrier, critical to survival in a terrestrial environment, could have “driven” the development of epidermal pigmentation. (1) Megadroughts prevailed in central Africa when hominids expanded into open savannahs [≈1.…
Pleistocene Megafaunal Collapse, Novel Plant Communities, and Enhanced Fire Regimes in North America
Demise of the Megafauna Approximately 10,000 years ago, the Pleistocene-Holocene deglaciation in North America produced widespread biotic and environmental change, including extinctions of megafauna, reorganization of plant communities, and increased wildfire. The causal links and sequences of these changes remain unclear. Gill et al. (p. 1100 ; see the Perspective by Johnson ) unravel these connections in an analysis of pollen, charcoal, and the…
The Ausonian Pottery of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) – a Typological and Petrological Assessment
A petrographic analysis of 74 Ausonian (Late Bronze Age) sherds from the Acropolis of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) was undertaken to ascertain whether they represent intrusive mainland Italian Subapenninian and Protovillanovan imports, as their typology might suggest, or were the products of an indigenous island economy. The sample included ‘impasto’ and painted pottery and was extended to include 15 Apenninian sherds from the preceding Milaz…
Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises
No-analog communities (communities that are compositionally unlike any found today) occurred frequently in the past and will develop in the greenhouse world of the future. The well documented no-analog plant communities of late-glacial North America are closely linked to “novel” climates also lacking modern analogs, characterized by high seasonality of temperature. In climate simulations for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 and B1…
A Fidelity Measure for Integrated Management of Depression in Primary Care
BACKGROUND: Integrated models of primary care depression management improve outcomes. Subsequent dissemination efforts and their evaluation need a fidelity measure. OBJECTIVES: We sought to develop and validate a fidelity measure using data gathered during routine clinical application of the clinical model. METHODS: Longitudinal outcome data on depression severity were obtained from 224 subjects experiencing major depression or dysthymia and assi…
Improving Depression Care for Older, Minority Patients in Primary Care
OBJECTIVE: Few older minorities receive adequate treatment of depression in primary care. This study examines whether a collaborative care model for depression in primary care is as effective in older minorities as it is in nonminority elderly patients in improving depression treatment and outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A multisite randomized clinical trial of 1801 older adults comparing collaborative care for depression with treatment as usual in prima…
Late‐quaternary Vegetation Dynamics in North America
This paper integrates recent efforts to map the distribution of biomes for the late Quaternary with the detailed evidence that plant species have responded individualistically to climate change at millennial timescales. Using a fossil‐pollen data set of over 700 sites, we review late‐Quaternary vegetation history in northern and eastern North America across levels of ecological organization from individual taxa to biomes, and apply the insights g…
Modern Analogs in Quaternary Paleoecology
Modern analog analysis, the comparison of Quaternary fossil pollen assemblages with modern assemblages, has long been a mainstay of paleoecological and paleoclimatic inference. The logic of analogical inference involves a comparative element (comparison of modern and fossil assemblages to select matches and assess goodness of fit) and a causal element (assumption that the relationships between modern vegetation and derivative pollen assemblages a…
A statistical approach to evaluating distance metrics and analog assignments for pollen records
The modern analog technique typically uses a distance metric to determine the dissimilarity between fossil and modern biological assemblages. Despite this quantitative approach, interpretation of distance metrics is usually qualitative and rules for selection of analogs tend to be ad hoc . We present a statistical tool, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides a framework for identifying analogs from distance metrics. If …
Palynological and AVHRR observations of modern vegetational gradients in eastern North America
Both fossil pollen records and satellite-based instruments are remote sensors of Earth's vegetation with complementary properties. Satellites supply spatially continuous and highly resolved images for the past several decades, whereas pollen records include local and regional signals of vegetation composition, spanning millennia. Together, pollen and satellite-based observations measure vegetation change across a broad range of temporal scales. H…
Neotoma
Paleoecological data are integral to ecological and evolutionary analyses. First, they provide an opportunity to study ecological and evolutionary interactions between communities and abiotic environments across time scales. Second, they allow us to study the long-term outcomes of processes that occur infrequently, such as megadroughts, hurricanes, and rapid climate change. Third, the past allows us to study ecological processes in the absence of…
Influences of climate, cattle density, and lake morphology on Sporormiella abundances in modern lake sediments in the US Great Plains
Sporormiella, a genus of coprophilous fungus, is increasingly used as a qualitative proxy for megafaunal density. Decreased spore abundances in Late-Pleistocene and Holocene sediments are thought to signal prehistoric megafaunal population declines and extinctions. However, much remains unknown regarding the dispersal, deposition, and preservation of Sporormiella, hindering interpretation. Here we collected lake-center and lake-margin surface-sed…
The Ausonian Pottery of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) – a Typological and Petrological Assessment
A petrographic analysis of 74 Ausonian (Late Bronze Age) sherds from the Acropolis of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) was undertaken to ascertain whether they represent intrusive mainland Italian Subapenninian and Protovillanovan imports, as their typology might suggest, or were the products of an indigenous island economy. The sample included ‘impasto’ and painted pottery and was extended to include 15 Apenninian sherds from the preceding Milaz…
Palynological and AVHRR observations of modern vegetational gradients in eastern North America
Both fossil pollen records and satellite-based instruments are remote sensors of Earth's vegetation with complementary properties. Satellites supply spatially continuous and highly resolved images for the past several decades, whereas pollen records include local and regional signals of vegetation composition, spanning millennia. Together, pollen and satellite-based observations measure vegetation change across a broad range of temporal scales. H…
The effects of anthropogenic land cover change on pollen-vegetation relationships in the American Midwest
Carlos Marighela
Two decades ago Carlos Marighela, the Brazilian revolutionary, was killed by Brazilian security forces. Known as “the father of urban guerrilla warfare,” Marighela laid out his theories in his Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla. He is noted for espousing urban‐based revolution over a “rural foco,” militarization of the political process, and manipulation of the media. He broke with the Brazilian Communist Party, which historically wavered between …
Maturity Cards
Additional informationNotes on contributorsJohn W. WilliamsJohn W. Williams is an instructor of business administration at Iowa Western Community College
Note on a Moriori Skull, from Waitangi West, Chatham Islands
Integration of Medical Care into the Health Program in Rural Missouri
Integration of Medical Care into the Health Program in Rural Missouri J. W. Williams, Jr. CopyRight*Presented before the Health Officers Section of the American Public Health Association at the Seventy-first Annual Meeting in St. Louis, Mo., October 28, 1942. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.33.5.499 Published Online: August 29, 2011
The Military and American Society
Maturity Cards
Additional informationNotes on contributorsJohn W. WilliamsJohn W. Williams is an instructor of business administration at Iowa Western Community College
Carlos Marighela
Two decades ago Carlos Marighela, the Brazilian revolutionary, was killed by Brazilian security forces. Known as “the father of urban guerrilla warfare,” Marighela laid out his theories in his Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla. He is noted for espousing urban‐based revolution over a “rural foco,” militarization of the political process, and manipulation of the media. He broke with the Brazilian Communist Party, which historically wavered between …
Do Low CO 2 Concentrations Affect Pollen-Based Reconstructions of LGM Climates? A Response to “Physiological Significance of Low Atmospheric CO 2 for Plant–Climate Interactions” by Cowling and Sykes
Do Low CO2 Concentrations Affect Pollen-Based Reconstructions of LGM Climates? A Response to “Physiological Significance of Low Atmospheric CO2 for Plant–Climate Interactions” by Cowling and Sykes - Volume 53 Issue 3
Bonnicksen, T. M. 2000. America's Ancient Forests
Improving Primary Care for Depression in Late Life
BACKGROUND: Late life depression can be successfully treated with antidepressant medications or psychotherapy, but few depressed older adults receive effective treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial of a disease management program for late life depression. SUBJECTS: Approximately 1,750 older adults with major depression or dysthymia are recruited from seven national study sites. INTERVENTION: Half of the subjects are randomly a…
Identifying Physicians Likely to Benefit From Depression Education
BACKGROUND: Few methods exist to identify physicians who might benefit from depression education. OBJECTIVES: To develop a measure of physicians' confidence or self-efficacy in caring for depressed patients and assess it's reliability and validity. RESEARCH DESIGN: A national sample of primary care physicians were surveyed and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify factors underlying physicians' responses to 26 items. We named the…
Collaborative Care Management of Late-Life Depression in the Primary Care Setting
CONTEXT: Few depressed older adults receive effective treatment in primary care settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the Improving Mood-Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) collaborative care management program for late-life depression. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with recruitment from July 1999 to August 2001. SETTING: Eighteen primary care clinics from 8 health care organizations in 5 states. PARTICIPAN…
A statistical approach to evaluating distance metrics and analog assignments for pollen records
The modern analog technique typically uses a distance metric to determine the dissimilarity between fossil and modern biological assemblages. Despite this quantitative approach, interpretation of distance metrics is usually qualitative and rules for selection of analogs tend to be ad hoc . We present a statistical tool, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides a framework for identifying analogs from distance metrics. If …
Palynological and AVHRR observations of modern vegetational gradients in eastern North America
Both fossil pollen records and satellite-based instruments are remote sensors of Earth's vegetation with complementary properties. Satellites supply spatially continuous and highly resolved images for the past several decades, whereas pollen records include local and regional signals of vegetation composition, spanning millennia. Together, pollen and satellite-based observations measure vegetation change across a broad range of temporal scales. H…
Late‐quaternary Vegetation Dynamics in North America
This paper integrates recent efforts to map the distribution of biomes for the late Quaternary with the detailed evidence that plant species have responded individualistically to climate change at millennial timescales. Using a fossil‐pollen data set of over 700 sites, we review late‐Quaternary vegetation history in northern and eastern North America across levels of ecological organization from individual taxa to biomes, and apply the insights g…
Modern Analogs in Quaternary Paleoecology
Modern analog analysis, the comparison of Quaternary fossil pollen assemblages with modern assemblages, has long been a mainstay of paleoecological and paleoclimatic inference. The logic of analogical inference involves a comparative element (comparison of modern and fossil assemblages to select matches and assess goodness of fit) and a causal element (assumption that the relationships between modern vegetation and derivative pollen assemblages a…
Improving Depression Care for Older, Minority Patients in Primary Care
OBJECTIVE: Few older minorities receive adequate treatment of depression in primary care. This study examines whether a collaborative care model for depression in primary care is as effective in older minorities as it is in nonminority elderly patients in improving depression treatment and outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A multisite randomized clinical trial of 1801 older adults comparing collaborative care for depression with treatment as usual in prima…
A Fidelity Measure for Integrated Management of Depression in Primary Care
BACKGROUND: Integrated models of primary care depression management improve outcomes. Subsequent dissemination efforts and their evaluation need a fidelity measure. OBJECTIVES: We sought to develop and validate a fidelity measure using data gathered during routine clinical application of the clinical model. METHODS: Longitudinal outcome data on depression severity were obtained from 224 subjects experiencing major depression or dysthymia and assi…
Novel climates, no-analog communities, and ecological surprises
No-analog communities (communities that are compositionally unlike any found today) occurred frequently in the past and will develop in the greenhouse world of the future. The well documented no-analog plant communities of late-glacial North America are closely linked to “novel” climates also lacking modern analogs, characterized by high seasonality of temperature. In climate simulations for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 and B1…
The Ausonian Pottery of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) – a Typological and Petrological Assessment
A petrographic analysis of 74 Ausonian (Late Bronze Age) sherds from the Acropolis of Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily) was undertaken to ascertain whether they represent intrusive mainland Italian Subapenninian and Protovillanovan imports, as their typology might suggest, or were the products of an indigenous island economy. The sample included ‘impasto’ and painted pottery and was extended to include 15 Apenninian sherds from the preceding Milaz…
Pleistocene Megafaunal Collapse, Novel Plant Communities, and Enhanced Fire Regimes in North America
Demise of the Megafauna Approximately 10,000 years ago, the Pleistocene-Holocene deglaciation in North America produced widespread biotic and environmental change, including extinctions of megafauna, reorganization of plant communities, and increased wildfire. The causal links and sequences of these changes remain unclear. Gill et al. (p. 1100 ; see the Perspective by Johnson ) unravel these connections in an analysis of pollen, charcoal, and the…
Barrier requirements as the evolutionary “driver” of epidermal pigmentation in humans
Current explanations for the development of epidermal pigmentation during human evolution are not tenable as stand‐alone hypotheses. Accordingly, we assessed instead whether xeric‐ and UV‐B‐induced stress to the epidermal permeability barrier, critical to survival in a terrestrial environment, could have “driven” the development of epidermal pigmentation. (1) Megadroughts prevailed in central Africa when hominids expanded into open savannahs [≈1.…
Apsa Teaching and Learning Conference Track Summaries
Assessment, particularly program assessment, has reached a new height in the APSA with the publication of an edited volume, Assessment in Political Science (2008), followed by the appointment in 2010 of an association-wide working group on assessment. This task force has been asked to investigate current practices in program assessment and make recommendations regarding the role that the APSA should play to help departments and faculty conduct as…
Influences of climate, cattle density, and lake morphology on Sporormiella abundances in modern lake sediments in the US Great Plains
Sporormiella, a genus of coprophilous fungus, is increasingly used as a qualitative proxy for megafaunal density. Decreased spore abundances in Late-Pleistocene and Holocene sediments are thought to signal prehistoric megafaunal population declines and extinctions. However, much remains unknown regarding the dispersal, deposition, and preservation of Sporormiella, hindering interpretation. Here we collected lake-center and lake-margin surface-sed…
Uptake of Web-Based Clinical Resources from the MacArthur Initiative on Depression and Primary Care
Vegetation history in central Kentucky and Tennessee (USA) during the last glacial and deglacial periods
Knowledge about vegetation dynamics during the last glacial and deglacial periods in southeastern North America is under-constrained owing to low site density and problematic chronologies. New pollen records from two classic sites, Anderson Pond, TN, and Jackson Pond, KY, supported by AMS 14 C age models, span 25.2–13.7 ka and 31.0–15.4 ka, respectively. A transition from Pinus dominance to Picea dominance is recorded at Jackson Pond ca. 26.2 ka,…
Approaching a state shift in Earth’s biosphere
Biology (16 obras) · Geography (16 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (15 obras) · Medicine (11 obras) · Physical geography (11 obras) · Ecology (10 obras) · Computer Science (9 obras) · Geology (9 obras) · Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies (7 obras) · Paleontology (7 obras)