Jodi L Viljoen
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4126583 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jodi L Viljoen |
| PRENOMES | Jodi L |
| SOBRENOME | Viljoen |
| ASSINATURA | VILJOEN J L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Simon Fraser University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1609-0202 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 15 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 10 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2005 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Risk communication practices in risk assessment tools
Are risk assessment tools more accurate than unstructured judgments in predicting violent, any, and sexual offending? A meta‐analysis of direct comparison studies
We conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of studies that directly compared the predictive validity of risk assessment tools to unstructured judgments of risk for violent, any, or sexual offending. A total of 31 studies, containing 169 effect sizes from 45,673 risk judgments, met inclusion criteria. Based on the results of three‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regression models, the predictive validity of total scores on risk assessment tools was sign…
Violence and Suicidal/Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents Undergoing Residential Treatment
Using a retrospective study design, predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth, Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV), and the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Version (VRS-YV) was examined among 87 adolescents referred to a residential treatment program. With few exceptions, moderate to high accuracy was achieved for the three measures in predicting violence and suicidal/nonsuicid…
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder evidence in Canadian criminal cases
Predictive validity of the Savry, YLS/CMI, and PCL
OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in developing structured risk assessment instruments, there is currently no instrument to assess and manage the risk of intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescents. Given the empirical link between many forms of antisocial behavior, we tested whether structured tools commonly used by professionals to evaluate adolescents' risk of engaging in general violence and offending could be used to identify adolesce…
Humanistic Optimal Functioning Predicts Low Youth Violence
This study assessed whether indicators of humanistic optimal functioning were predictive of lower levels of violence among youth across a 6-month period. Youth ( N = 346) aged 12 to 14 years completed measures of authenticity and of positive regard for others (generalized trust, forgiveness, and gratitude). Approximately 6 months later, the youth reported violence, criminal offenses, and indicators of potential violence, and for some ( n = 266), …
Indigenous” Nature Connection? A Response to Kurth, Narvaez, Kohn, and Bae (2020)
Do structured risk assessments predict violent, any, and sexual offending better than unstructured judgment? An umbrella review
Although it is widely believed that risk assessment tools lead to more accurate estimates of risk of violence and offending than unstructured clinical judgments, the nature and quality of evidence that supports this view is unclear. As such, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Through a search of 15 databases, we identified nine systematic reviews, including six meta-analyses and three narrative systematic reviews, that compare…
Predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (Savry) among a sample of Asian Canadian youth on probation
OBJECTIVE: Although past studies suggest that the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY; Borum et al., 2006) has moderate predictive validity, its predictive validity with Asian youth in Western countries is unknown. We therefore compared the SAVRY's predictive validity in a sample of Asian Canadian versus White Canadian youth. HYPOTHESES: Given that the SAVRY is normed on samples comprising mostly youth who are White, we expecte…
Racist Algorithms or Systemic Problems? Risk Assessments and Racial Disparities
As recent and historical events attest, racial and ethnic disparities are widely engrained into the justice system. Recently, scholars and policymakers have raised concerns that risk assessment instruments may exacerbate these disparities. While it is critical that risk instruments be scrutinized for racial bias, some concerns, though well-meaning, have gone beyond the evidence. This article explains what it means for an instrument to be “biased”…
What are judges’ views of risk assessments, and how do tools affect adolescent dispositions
Despite the increased presence of risk assessment tools in pre-sentence hearings, their role has been contentious, and the extent to which they influence dispositions is unclear. This study uses a self-report questionnaire to examine judges’ opinions about risk assessment tools, as well as an experimental vignette design to evaluate whether judges’ placement and program recommendations for a high- and low-risk adolescent are affected by the prese…
Does helping promote well-being in at-risk youth and ex-offender samples
Adjudicative competence in adolescent defendants
Although courts have increasingly required that adolescent defendants be competent to proceed with adjudication, the legal standard for competence in juvenile court is not yet settled. As a first step toward obtaining greater clarification in legal standards, in this study the authors surveyed 338 judges and defense attorneys regarding their beliefs about competence standards. Judges and defense attorneys believe that it is particularly important…
Prospects for remediating juveniles' adjudicative incompetence
With the application of adjudicative competence requirements to adolescent defendants, there is a growing need for interventions to enhance the legal capacities of adolescents who are found to be incompetent. By reviewing developmental, clinical, and educational research, the authors discuss whether it is possible to enhance youths' legal capacities and, if so, what the most promising approaches may be. Psychoeducational interventions for youth a…
Bullying behaviors in female and male adolescent offenders
Despite the surge of research on bullying, few studies have examined bullying in young offenders, particularly female young offenders. This study investigated the prevalence, types, and correlates of bullying behaviors in 193 male and 50 female incarcerated adolescents from nine young offender facilities. Overall, 37% of participants identified themselves as bully‐victims, 32% as pure bullies, 23% as not involved, and 8% as pure victims. In compa…
Bullying behaviors in female and male adolescent offenders
Despite the surge of research on bullying, few studies have examined bullying in young offenders, particularly female young offenders. This study investigated the prevalence, types, and correlates of bullying behaviors in 193 male and 50 female incarcerated adolescents from nine young offender facilities. Overall, 37% of participants identified themselves as bully‐victims, 32% as pure bullies, 23% as not involved, and 8% as pure victims. In compa…
Does helping promote well-being in at-risk youth and ex-offender samples
Adjudicative competence in adolescent defendants
Although courts have increasingly required that adolescent defendants be competent to proceed with adjudication, the legal standard for competence in juvenile court is not yet settled. As a first step toward obtaining greater clarification in legal standards, in this study the authors surveyed 338 judges and defense attorneys regarding their beliefs about competence standards. Judges and defense attorneys believe that it is particularly important…
Do structured risk assessments predict violent, any, and sexual offending better than unstructured judgment? An umbrella review
Although it is widely believed that risk assessment tools lead to more accurate estimates of risk of violence and offending than unstructured clinical judgments, the nature and quality of evidence that supports this view is unclear. As such, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Through a search of 15 databases, we identified nine systematic reviews, including six meta-analyses and three narrative systematic reviews, that compare…
What are judges’ views of risk assessments, and how do tools affect adolescent dispositions
Despite the increased presence of risk assessment tools in pre-sentence hearings, their role has been contentious, and the extent to which they influence dispositions is unclear. This study uses a self-report questionnaire to examine judges’ opinions about risk assessment tools, as well as an experimental vignette design to evaluate whether judges’ placement and program recommendations for a high- and low-risk adolescent are affected by the prese…
Prospects for remediating juveniles' adjudicative incompetence
With the application of adjudicative competence requirements to adolescent defendants, there is a growing need for interventions to enhance the legal capacities of adolescents who are found to be incompetent. By reviewing developmental, clinical, and educational research, the authors discuss whether it is possible to enhance youths' legal capacities and, if so, what the most promising approaches may be. Psychoeducational interventions for youth a…
Bullying behaviors in female and male adolescent offenders
Despite the surge of research on bullying, few studies have examined bullying in young offenders, particularly female young offenders. This study investigated the prevalence, types, and correlates of bullying behaviors in 193 male and 50 female incarcerated adolescents from nine young offender facilities. Overall, 37% of participants identified themselves as bully‐victims, 32% as pure bullies, 23% as not involved, and 8% as pure victims. In compa…
Adjudicative competence in adolescent defendants
Although courts have increasingly required that adolescent defendants be competent to proceed with adjudication, the legal standard for competence in juvenile court is not yet settled. As a first step toward obtaining greater clarification in legal standards, in this study the authors surveyed 338 judges and defense attorneys regarding their beliefs about competence standards. Judges and defense attorneys believe that it is particularly important…
Prospects for remediating juveniles' adjudicative incompetence
With the application of adjudicative competence requirements to adolescent defendants, there is a growing need for interventions to enhance the legal capacities of adolescents who are found to be incompetent. By reviewing developmental, clinical, and educational research, the authors discuss whether it is possible to enhance youths' legal capacities and, if so, what the most promising approaches may be. Psychoeducational interventions for youth a…
Does helping promote well-being in at-risk youth and ex-offender samples
Predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (Savry) among a sample of Asian Canadian youth on probation
OBJECTIVE: Although past studies suggest that the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY; Borum et al., 2006) has moderate predictive validity, its predictive validity with Asian youth in Western countries is unknown. We therefore compared the SAVRY's predictive validity in a sample of Asian Canadian versus White Canadian youth. HYPOTHESES: Given that the SAVRY is normed on samples comprising mostly youth who are White, we expecte…
Racist Algorithms or Systemic Problems? Risk Assessments and Racial Disparities
As recent and historical events attest, racial and ethnic disparities are widely engrained into the justice system. Recently, scholars and policymakers have raised concerns that risk assessment instruments may exacerbate these disparities. While it is critical that risk instruments be scrutinized for racial bias, some concerns, though well-meaning, have gone beyond the evidence. This article explains what it means for an instrument to be “biased”…
What are judges’ views of risk assessments, and how do tools affect adolescent dispositions
Despite the increased presence of risk assessment tools in pre-sentence hearings, their role has been contentious, and the extent to which they influence dispositions is unclear. This study uses a self-report questionnaire to examine judges’ opinions about risk assessment tools, as well as an experimental vignette design to evaluate whether judges’ placement and program recommendations for a high- and low-risk adolescent are affected by the prese…
Indigenous” Nature Connection? A Response to Kurth, Narvaez, Kohn, and Bae (2020)
Do structured risk assessments predict violent, any, and sexual offending better than unstructured judgment? An umbrella review
Although it is widely believed that risk assessment tools lead to more accurate estimates of risk of violence and offending than unstructured clinical judgments, the nature and quality of evidence that supports this view is unclear. As such, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Through a search of 15 databases, we identified nine systematic reviews, including six meta-analyses and three narrative systematic reviews, that compare…
Predictive validity of the Savry, YLS/CMI, and PCL
OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in developing structured risk assessment instruments, there is currently no instrument to assess and manage the risk of intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescents. Given the empirical link between many forms of antisocial behavior, we tested whether structured tools commonly used by professionals to evaluate adolescents' risk of engaging in general violence and offending could be used to identify adolesce…
Humanistic Optimal Functioning Predicts Low Youth Violence
This study assessed whether indicators of humanistic optimal functioning were predictive of lower levels of violence among youth across a 6-month period. Youth ( N = 346) aged 12 to 14 years completed measures of authenticity and of positive regard for others (generalized trust, forgiveness, and gratitude). Approximately 6 months later, the youth reported violence, criminal offenses, and indicators of potential violence, and for some ( n = 266), …
Violence and Suicidal/Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents Undergoing Residential Treatment
Using a retrospective study design, predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth, Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV), and the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Version (VRS-YV) was examined among 87 adolescents referred to a residential treatment program. With few exceptions, moderate to high accuracy was achieved for the three measures in predicting violence and suicidal/nonsuicid…
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder evidence in Canadian criminal cases
Are risk assessment tools more accurate than unstructured judgments in predicting violent, any, and sexual offending? A meta‐analysis of direct comparison studies
We conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of studies that directly compared the predictive validity of risk assessment tools to unstructured judgments of risk for violent, any, or sexual offending. A total of 31 studies, containing 169 effect sizes from 45,673 risk judgments, met inclusion criteria. Based on the results of three‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regression models, the predictive validity of total scores on risk assessment tools was sign…
Risk communication practices in risk assessment tools
Psychology (13 obras) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (8 obras) · Clinical Psychology (7 obras) · Medicine (7 obras) · Poison control (6 obras) · Child Abuse and Trauma (5 obras) · Criminology (5 obras) · Human Factors and Ergonomics (5 obras) · Medical emergency (5 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (4 obras)