Jennifer L Skeem
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4126941 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Jennifer L Skeem |
| PRENOMES | Jennifer L |
| SOBRENOME | Skeem |
| ASSINATURA | SKEEM J L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of California, Irvine |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6633-7779 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2001 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Identity-based prosocial motivation protects detained youth against institutional infractions.
OBJECTIVES: Emerging theory suggests that prosocial identity motivation (PIM)-youth's drive to disassociate from antisocial lifestyles and forge conventional identities aligned with prosocial values-may be crucial for promoting desistance among justice-involved adolescents. Yet, standardized tools to assess this construct are lacking, as is evidence of its protective value against continued antisocial behavior. We derived a measure of PIM from th…
Effect of juvenile justice financial sanctions on youths’ recidivism
OBJECTIVES: Advocacy for reforming financial sanctions (i.e., fees, fines, and restitution) in the juvenile justice system is growing, with a particular focus on eliminating fees. Although a key argument is that these sanctions may increase the likelihood of reoffending, studies that examine the link between financial sanctions and recidivism are limited and their results are mixed. Using administrative data on a large, diverse, and at-risk popul…
A pretrial release policy based on risk assessment would reduce unnecessary incarceration, increase racial fairness, and save money
Research Summary Pretrial reform is vital, as nearly 500,000 unconvicted people are held in U.S. jails while awaiting trial. Risk assessment instruments (RAIs) offer data‐driven identification of defendants who are unlikely to reoffend and can safely be released, yet face criticism from across the political spectrum—for potentially perpetuating racial bias or endangering public safety. Moreover, inconsistent judicial application undermines the ef…
Estimated effect of fee repeal on family financial stress and juvenile probation outcomes
Understanding racial disparities in pretrial detention recommendations to shape policy reform
Research Summary Federal pretrial services and probation officers assess defendants and make influential recommendations that defendants be either released or detained, based on their threat to community safety and risk of flight. To inform efforts to reduce disparities in pretrial detention, we examined officers’ decision making about 149,815 defendants across 81 districts. Overall, the probability of a detention recommendation was 34% higher fo…
Getting traction on positive youth justice
The positive youth justice (PYJ) paradigm emphasizes building youths’ strengths and prosocial attributes to promote healthy development and desistance from antisocial behavior. Despite broad support for PYJ, direct application of the model to juvenile justice interventions has been limited by its multitude of components and global targets. In this article, we chart an innovative pathway from theory to intervention that centers on promoting prosoc…
Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism
Justice‐involved people vary substantially in their risk of reoffending. To date, recidivism prediction and prevention efforts have largely focused on individual‐level factors like antisocial traits. Although a growing body of research has examined the role of residential contexts in predicting reoffending, results have been equivocal. One reason for mixed results may be that an individual’s susceptibility to contextual influence depends upon his…
Using algorithms to address trade‐offs inherent in predicting recidivism
Although risk assessment has increasingly been used as a tool to help reform the criminal justice system, some stakeholders are adamantly opposed to using algorithms. The principal concern is that any benefits achieved by safely reducing rates of incarceration will be offset by costs to racial justice claimed to be inherent in the algorithms themselves. But fairness trade‐offs are inherent to the task of predicting recidivism, whether the predict…
Lost in translation
In this article, we focus on two highly problematic issues in the manner in which the First Step Act of 2018 is being implemented by the Bureau of Prisons: an uncritical separation of “dynamic risks” and “criminogenic needs”; and a spurious reliance on “evidence‐based” interventions to reduce recidivism risk. We argue that if the Act is to live up to its promise of being a game‐changing development in efforts to reduce crime while simultaneously …
Impact of risk assessment on judges’ fairness in sentencing relatively poor defendants
OBJECTIVE: Use of risk assessment instruments in the criminal justice system is controversial. Advocates emphasize that risk assessments are more transparent, consistent, and accurate in predicting re-offending than judicial intuition. Skeptics worry that risk assessments will increase socioeconomic disparities in incarceration. Ultimately, judges make decisions-not risk assessments. This study tests whether providing risk assessment information …
Do Specialty Programs for Justice-Involved People With Mental Illness Exacerbate Stigma
Specialty mental health probation caseloads have shown promise in reducing recidivism for justice-involved people with mental illness. However, assignment to these caseloads may be stigmatizing due to labeling effects. We examined (1) whether assignment to specialty probation versus traditional probation is associated with greater internalized stigma among clients and (2) whether probation officers are the source of some of this stigmatization. A…
What role does serious mental illness play in mass shootings, and how should we address it
Research Summary A popular explanation for mass shootings is that the assailant “must have been mentally ill.” A popular policy solution is exceptionalist—enter more gun‐disqualifying psychiatric records into the background check system to keep guns away from identified people with mental illness. We synthesized research on the connection between mental illness and common violence, gun violence, homicide, and mass violence. We focused on serious …
Comparing the stability of psychopathy scores in adolescents versus adults
Can psychopathy be identified as accurately during adolescence as adulthood? To address this developmental question, this study compared the stability of scores on the leading measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), among 202 adolescent (M = 15.8 years, SD = 0.89) and 134 adult (M = 27.5, SD = 1.08) offenders. Over a 2-year period, adolescents' total scores on the PCL (r =.33) were less stable than those of adults (r =.71). Adole…
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
One way to unwind mass incarceration without compromising public safety is to use risk assessment instruments in sentencing and corrections. Although these instruments figure prominently in current reforms, critics argue that benefits in crime control will be offset by an adverse effect on racial minorities. Based on a sample of 34,794 federal offenders, we examine the relationships among race, risk assessment [the Post Conviction Risk Assessment…
Firm, fair, and caring officer-offender relationships protect against supervision failure.
A growing body of research suggests that high quality dual role relationships between community corrections officers and offenders reduce risk of recidivism. This study assesses whether this finding generalizes from offenders with mental illness to their relatively healthy counterparts. More importantly, this study tests the possibility that this finding is spurious, reflecting the influence of pre-existing offender characteristics more than a pr…
Victimization History and Posttraumatic Stress
Using Social Science to Reduce Violent Offending
This book articulates how social science can be applied to inform improvements in correctional policy and practice across the criminal justice system. The chapters reflect an iterative collaboration between leading social scientists and criminal justice practitioners, and they offer practical summaries of empirically grounded guidelines for change. The chapters first provide a foundational overview of crime and incarceration in the U.S. and addre…
Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness
Psychopathic Personality
Few psychological concepts evoke simultaneously as much fascination and misunderstanding as psychopathic personality, or psychopathy. Typically, individuals with psychopathy are misconceived as fundamentally different from the rest of humanity and as inalterably dangerous. Popular portrayals of are diverse and conflicting, ranging from uncommonly impulsive and violent criminal offenders to corporate figures who callously and skillfully manuever t…
Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate.
The development of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 2003) has fueled intense clinical interest in the construct of psychopathy. Unfortunately, a side effect of this interest has been conceptual confusion and, in particular, the conflating of measures with constructs. Indeed, the field is in danger of equating the PCL-R with the theoretical construct of psychopathy. A key point in the debate is whether criminal behavior is a c…
Assessing callous–unemotional traits in adolescent offenders
Assessing relationship quality in mandated community treatment
Traditional measures of the therapeutic alliance do not capture the dual roles inherent in relationships with involuntary clients. Providers not only care for, but also have control over, involuntary clients. In 2 studies of probationers mandated to psychiatric treatment (n=90; n=322), the authors developed and validated the revised Dual-Role Relationships Inventory (DRI-R). The authors found that (a) relationship quality in mandated treatment in…
Violence risk assessment
Substantial strides have been made in the field of violence risk assessment. Numerous robust risk factors have been identified and incorporated into structured violence risk assessment instruments. The concepts of violence prevention, management, and treatment have been infused into contemporary thinking on risk assessment. This conceptual development underscores the necessity of identifying, measuring, and monitoring changeable (dynamic) risk fa…
Describing jurors' personal conceptions of insanity and their relationship to case judgments
Describing jurors' personal conceptions of insanity and their relationship to case judgments
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
One way to unwind mass incarceration without compromising public safety is to use risk assessment instruments in sentencing and corrections. Although these instruments figure prominently in current reforms, critics argue that benefits in crime control will be offset by an adverse effect on racial minorities. Based on a sample of 34,794 federal offenders, we examine the relationships among race, risk assessment [the Post Conviction Risk Assessment…
Violence risk assessment
Substantial strides have been made in the field of violence risk assessment. Numerous robust risk factors have been identified and incorporated into structured violence risk assessment instruments. The concepts of violence prevention, management, and treatment have been infused into contemporary thinking on risk assessment. This conceptual development underscores the necessity of identifying, measuring, and monitoring changeable (dynamic) risk fa…
What role does serious mental illness play in mass shootings, and how should we address it
Research Summary A popular explanation for mass shootings is that the assailant “must have been mentally ill.” A popular policy solution is exceptionalist—enter more gun‐disqualifying psychiatric records into the background check system to keep guns away from identified people with mental illness. We synthesized research on the connection between mental illness and common violence, gun violence, homicide, and mass violence. We focused on serious …
Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism
Justice‐involved people vary substantially in their risk of reoffending. To date, recidivism prediction and prevention efforts have largely focused on individual‐level factors like antisocial traits. Although a growing body of research has examined the role of residential contexts in predicting reoffending, results have been equivocal. One reason for mixed results may be that an individual’s susceptibility to contextual influence depends upon his…
Comparing the stability of psychopathy scores in adolescents versus adults
Can psychopathy be identified as accurately during adolescence as adulthood? To address this developmental question, this study compared the stability of scores on the leading measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), among 202 adolescent (M = 15.8 years, SD = 0.89) and 134 adult (M = 27.5, SD = 1.08) offenders. Over a 2-year period, adolescents' total scores on the PCL (r =.33) were less stable than those of adults (r =.71). Adole…
Describing jurors' personal conceptions of insanity and their relationship to case judgments
Describing jurors' personal conceptions of insanity and their relationship to case judgments
Describing jurors' personal conceptions of insanity and their relationship to case judgments
Violence risk assessment
Substantial strides have been made in the field of violence risk assessment. Numerous robust risk factors have been identified and incorporated into structured violence risk assessment instruments. The concepts of violence prevention, management, and treatment have been infused into contemporary thinking on risk assessment. This conceptual development underscores the necessity of identifying, measuring, and monitoring changeable (dynamic) risk fa…
Assessing relationship quality in mandated community treatment
Traditional measures of the therapeutic alliance do not capture the dual roles inherent in relationships with involuntary clients. Providers not only care for, but also have control over, involuntary clients. In 2 studies of probationers mandated to psychiatric treatment (n=90; n=322), the authors developed and validated the revised Dual-Role Relationships Inventory (DRI-R). The authors found that (a) relationship quality in mandated treatment in…
Assessing callous–unemotional traits in adolescent offenders
Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate.
The development of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 2003) has fueled intense clinical interest in the construct of psychopathy. Unfortunately, a side effect of this interest has been conceptual confusion and, in particular, the conflating of measures with constructs. Indeed, the field is in danger of equating the PCL-R with the theoretical construct of psychopathy. A key point in the debate is whether criminal behavior is a c…
Using Social Science to Reduce Violent Offending
This book articulates how social science can be applied to inform improvements in correctional policy and practice across the criminal justice system. The chapters reflect an iterative collaboration between leading social scientists and criminal justice practitioners, and they offer practical summaries of empirically grounded guidelines for change. The chapters first provide a foundational overview of crime and incarceration in the U.S. and addre…
Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness
Psychopathic Personality
Few psychological concepts evoke simultaneously as much fascination and misunderstanding as psychopathic personality, or psychopathy. Typically, individuals with psychopathy are misconceived as fundamentally different from the rest of humanity and as inalterably dangerous. Popular portrayals of are diverse and conflicting, ranging from uncommonly impulsive and violent criminal offenders to corporate figures who callously and skillfully manuever t…
Firm, fair, and caring officer-offender relationships protect against supervision failure.
A growing body of research suggests that high quality dual role relationships between community corrections officers and offenders reduce risk of recidivism. This study assesses whether this finding generalizes from offenders with mental illness to their relatively healthy counterparts. More importantly, this study tests the possibility that this finding is spurious, reflecting the influence of pre-existing offender characteristics more than a pr…
Victimization History and Posttraumatic Stress
Comparing the stability of psychopathy scores in adolescents versus adults
Can psychopathy be identified as accurately during adolescence as adulthood? To address this developmental question, this study compared the stability of scores on the leading measure of psychopathy, the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), among 202 adolescent (M = 15.8 years, SD = 0.89) and 134 adult (M = 27.5, SD = 1.08) offenders. Over a 2-year period, adolescents' total scores on the PCL (r =.33) were less stable than those of adults (r =.71). Adole…
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
One way to unwind mass incarceration without compromising public safety is to use risk assessment instruments in sentencing and corrections. Although these instruments figure prominently in current reforms, critics argue that benefits in crime control will be offset by an adverse effect on racial minorities. Based on a sample of 34,794 federal offenders, we examine the relationships among race, risk assessment [the Post Conviction Risk Assessment…
What role does serious mental illness play in mass shootings, and how should we address it
Research Summary A popular explanation for mass shootings is that the assailant “must have been mentally ill.” A popular policy solution is exceptionalist—enter more gun‐disqualifying psychiatric records into the background check system to keep guns away from identified people with mental illness. We synthesized research on the connection between mental illness and common violence, gun violence, homicide, and mass violence. We focused on serious …
Using algorithms to address trade‐offs inherent in predicting recidivism
Although risk assessment has increasingly been used as a tool to help reform the criminal justice system, some stakeholders are adamantly opposed to using algorithms. The principal concern is that any benefits achieved by safely reducing rates of incarceration will be offset by costs to racial justice claimed to be inherent in the algorithms themselves. But fairness trade‐offs are inherent to the task of predicting recidivism, whether the predict…
Lost in translation
In this article, we focus on two highly problematic issues in the manner in which the First Step Act of 2018 is being implemented by the Bureau of Prisons: an uncritical separation of “dynamic risks” and “criminogenic needs”; and a spurious reliance on “evidence‐based” interventions to reduce recidivism risk. We argue that if the Act is to live up to its promise of being a game‐changing development in efforts to reduce crime while simultaneously …
Impact of risk assessment on judges’ fairness in sentencing relatively poor defendants
OBJECTIVE: Use of risk assessment instruments in the criminal justice system is controversial. Advocates emphasize that risk assessments are more transparent, consistent, and accurate in predicting re-offending than judicial intuition. Skeptics worry that risk assessments will increase socioeconomic disparities in incarceration. Ultimately, judges make decisions-not risk assessments. This study tests whether providing risk assessment information …
Do Specialty Programs for Justice-Involved People With Mental Illness Exacerbate Stigma
Specialty mental health probation caseloads have shown promise in reducing recidivism for justice-involved people with mental illness. However, assignment to these caseloads may be stigmatizing due to labeling effects. We examined (1) whether assignment to specialty probation versus traditional probation is associated with greater internalized stigma among clients and (2) whether probation officers are the source of some of this stigmatization. A…
Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism
Justice‐involved people vary substantially in their risk of reoffending. To date, recidivism prediction and prevention efforts have largely focused on individual‐level factors like antisocial traits. Although a growing body of research has examined the role of residential contexts in predicting reoffending, results have been equivocal. One reason for mixed results may be that an individual’s susceptibility to contextual influence depends upon his…
Understanding racial disparities in pretrial detention recommendations to shape policy reform
Research Summary Federal pretrial services and probation officers assess defendants and make influential recommendations that defendants be either released or detained, based on their threat to community safety and risk of flight. To inform efforts to reduce disparities in pretrial detention, we examined officers’ decision making about 149,815 defendants across 81 districts. Overall, the probability of a detention recommendation was 34% higher fo…
Getting traction on positive youth justice
The positive youth justice (PYJ) paradigm emphasizes building youths’ strengths and prosocial attributes to promote healthy development and desistance from antisocial behavior. Despite broad support for PYJ, direct application of the model to juvenile justice interventions has been limited by its multitude of components and global targets. In this article, we chart an innovative pathway from theory to intervention that centers on promoting prosoc…
Estimated effect of fee repeal on family financial stress and juvenile probation outcomes
Identity-based prosocial motivation protects detained youth against institutional infractions.
OBJECTIVES: Emerging theory suggests that prosocial identity motivation (PIM)-youth's drive to disassociate from antisocial lifestyles and forge conventional identities aligned with prosocial values-may be crucial for promoting desistance among justice-involved adolescents. Yet, standardized tools to assess this construct are lacking, as is evidence of its protective value against continued antisocial behavior. We derived a measure of PIM from th…
Effect of juvenile justice financial sanctions on youths’ recidivism
OBJECTIVES: Advocacy for reforming financial sanctions (i.e., fees, fines, and restitution) in the juvenile justice system is growing, with a particular focus on eliminating fees. Although a key argument is that these sanctions may increase the likelihood of reoffending, studies that examine the link between financial sanctions and recidivism are limited and their results are mixed. Using administrative data on a large, diverse, and at-risk popul…
A pretrial release policy based on risk assessment would reduce unnecessary incarceration, increase racial fairness, and save money
Research Summary Pretrial reform is vital, as nearly 500,000 unconvicted people are held in U.S. jails while awaiting trial. Risk assessment instruments (RAIs) offer data‐driven identification of defendants who are unlikely to reoffend and can safely be released, yet face criticism from across the political spectrum—for potentially perpetuating racial bias or endangering public safety. Moreover, inconsistent judicial application undermines the ef…
Psychology (21 obras) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (18 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (12 obras) · Criminology (12 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (10 obras) · Political science (10 obras) · Clinical Psychology (8 obras) · Criminal justice (7 obras) · Law (7 obras)