Henk Elffers
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4230352 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Henk Elffers |
| PRENOMES | Henk |
| SOBRENOME | Elffers |
| ASSINATURA | ELFFERS H |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7328-3756 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 139 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 24 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1980 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Neighborhood crime reduction interventions and perceived livability
High levels of Fear of Crime (FOC) are associated with people engaging with their community less, lower use of public spaces, and a general sense of overall anxiety. In short, such fear may reduce the livability of an area. The primary goal of this research was to examine the potential consequences of environmental interventions intended to reduce crime on FOC and perceived livability of the area. Using immersive Virtual Reality (VR) technology, …
Agent-Based Modelling for Criminological Theory Testing and Development
Agent-based Modelling for Criminological Theory Testing and Development addresses the question whether and how we can use simulation methods in order to test criminological theories, and if they fail to be corroborated, how we can use simulation to mend and further develop theories
To what extent is revictimization risk mitigated by police prevention advice after a previous burglary
Situational Crime Prevention and Offender Decision Making
This chapter focuses on situational crime prevention, a method for reducing opportunities for crime by manipulating the immediate environment. It begins by charting the origins and development of situational crime prevention. It then describes how rational choice was later added as the model of offender decision making to underpin situational crime prevention. Three questions are then considered: Is rational choice the only possible theoretical u…
Co-offending and Co-offender Selection
A notable proportion of crime is committed in company, particularly during youth, but relatively little attention has been paid to the influence of co-offenders on criminal decision making. This chapter reviews current theory and research on co-offending as it relates to three aspects of offender decision making: the decision to (co)-offend, the selection of accomplices, and choices shaping the characteristics of the criminal event (planning, tar…
Observational Methods of Offender Decision Making
The strength of ethnography is that it combines the insights of what people say about crime with what they do when they make the decision to commit crime. Participant observation has played a key role in ethnographic research on crime, but it has become rare in criminology. This chapter argues that despite this development, new types of camera-based observations are emerging that can potentially bring new life into ethnographic research on crime.…
Victim Selection
This chapter reviews what is known about victim selection—that is, the question of why offenders select some people, but not others, to be victims of crime. It first addresses theoretical perspectives on victim selection, namely the structural–choice model of victim selection, social interactionism, and target congruence. It then describes three data sources that have been used in prior research to study victim selection: police reports, victimiz…
Burglary Decisions
This chapter examines burglary event decisions, decisions leading up to the burglary, and the burglary characteristics that provide insights into them. It critically reviews the evidence on burglary decisions; highlights gaps in knowledge, methodologies, and aspects of theory; and discusses the potential for additional research. It draws on studies based on interviews and experimental research with imprisoned offenders and, less commonly, active …
Organized Crime and Protection Rackets
By relying on a broad rational choice perspective, this chapter explores the key mechanisms underpinning the workings of organized crime and specifically protection rackets. It first defines organized crime in terms of its attempt to monopolize markets, and then the chapter explores the factors that may lead to the emergence of criminal monopolies. Next, it discusses some distinctive features associated with protection rackets, with a focus on th…
Police and Offender Choices
Police influence on offender choices has largely been described in terms of general and specific deterrence. This chapter expands this description by examining the quantity and quality of police influences. With regard to quantity, theory and research from environmental criminology have described a rich set of influences that have direct and indirect effects on offenders. Indirect influences operate through various third parties and by manipulati…
Modeling Offender Decision Making with Secondary Data
Many questions about offender decision making are answered by analyzing data from secondary sources, which include police records and other law enforcement sources, but also full population registries containing data on birth, death, family composition, schooling, employment, and social and health service usage. Although secondary data are not collected for research purposes, they have a number of advantages over regular survey data. This chapter…
Emotions in Offender Decision Making
This chapter examines the influence of emotions on offender decision making. It reviews the empirical and theoretical criminological literature on the role of emotions in crime causation but also draws from other disciplines in the behavioral and cognitive sciences that have examined the influence of emotions on human decision making. Specific attention is devoted to appraisal theories of emotion, which, it is argued, provide a useful theoretical…
Dual-Process Models of Criminal Decision Making
This chapter discusses the application of dual-process and dual-system models to offender decision making. It is argued that these models offer a more accurate account of the decision process than the traditional choice models in criminology, such as rational choice and deterrence models, and can overcome their various limitations. Specific attention is devoted to the hot/cool perspective of criminal decision making, which takes the dual-process …
Perceptual Deterrence
In theory, deterrence is a behavioral response to an individual’s perceptions about the certainty and/or severity of criminal justice sanctions. The perceptual underpinnings of compliance with the law are therefore of long-standing interest in perceptual deterrence scholarship. This chapter provides an overview of the broad scope of this scholarship. After reviewing the basic perceptual elements of crime decision-making models, attention turns to…
Experimental Designs in the Study of Offender Decision Making
Research on offender decision making has utilized experimental designs and has often coupled these strong designs with the use of hypothetical vignettes that describe specific offending circumstances for the would-be offender to consider. In some cases, these studies have experimentally manipulated situational elements of the imagined setting. In others, researchers have experimentally manipulated the context in which the participants make the de…
The Effect of Alcohol and Arousal on Criminal Decision Making
Consequentialist theories of criminal decision making assume crime is a choice that one undertakes if the perceived benefits of the act outweigh its costs. This a priori assessment of costs and benefits involves the use of several neurological components, including the amygdala–striatal system and the prefrontal cortex. Crime is commonly committed by individuals under the influence of alcohol and/or experiencing heightened states of emotional aro…
Informal Guardians and Offender Decision Making
Research has demonstrated that informal guardians affect offender decision making in a variety of crime contexts. This chapter highlights what can be learned from empirical research about the way offenders perceive informal guardianship and how it affects criminal choices. Focusing specifically on studies that elucidate the offenders’ perspective on guardians, this chapter reviews what is known from studies on burglars, armed robbers, and sex off…
Understanding Offender Decision Making Using Surveys, Interviews, and Life Event Calendars
Research has increasingly utilized surveys and intensive interviews to investigate the cognitive processes inherent in offenders’ decision making. Moreover, these methods have often been included in mixed-methods approaches that include life events calendars to enhance recall of past events and thought processes, or they have been included as part of experimental designs to elucidate causal mechanisms. This chapter provides a review of research t…
Evolutionary Approaches to Rational Choice
This chapter seeks to enrich and extend thinking about the rational choice perspective to offender decision making and its pivotal application in situational crime prevention by taking an evolutionary approach, which is still uncommon in crime science and criminology. The chapter introduces basic concepts of evolution, covering the brain and behavior, levels and types of explanation, the strained relationship with social science, and the evidenci…
Game Theory
Game theory analyzes strategic decision making of multiple interdependent actors and has become influential in economics, political science, and sociology. It provides novel insights in criminology because it is a universal language for the unification of the social and behavioral sciences and allows deriving new hypotheses from fundamental assumptions about decision making. This chapter first reviews foundations and assumptions of game theory, b…
Cold-Blooded and Badass
Carjacking is a bold crime characterized by unpredictability and danger. Media reports have identified carjackings throughout the world, and estimates suggest 34,000 occur annually in the United States alone. Research with active offenders has examined carjacking in the context of US street crime, but official reporting inconsistencies and a focus on instrumental motivations hinder a more comprehensive understanding of this crime. The lack of a t…
Simulating Crime Event Decision Making
Crime is the result of numerous interconnected and interdependent crime event decisions made by potential offenders, victims, and crime preventers. The majority of these decisions go unobserved, and the situations within which they take place are difficult to control in support of traditional experimental studies. For these reasons, it can be difficult to identify causal links between individual behavior and observable crime phenomena and, in tur…
Social Learner Decision Making
Social learning theory is one of the leading theories in the field of criminology. This chapter provides an overview of the role of choice and human agency within the theoretical framework of social learning and their integrative importance for understanding delinquency and crime. Emphasis is placed on research stemming from Herrnstein’s matching law, choice allocation, and statistical models of social learning as applied to social networks. The …
“Deciding” to Kill
This chapter examines the cognitive, affective, and situational factors that influence the decision-making processes of those who kill. With little existing research that specifically focuses on homicide offender decision making, this chapter brings together criminological and psychological research on violence-related cognition, affect, and the situational dynamics of violent encounters. The authors make the case for combining these three perspe…
The Oxford Handbook of Offender Decision Making
How offenders make decisions that lead to criminal conduct is a core element of virtually every discussion about crime and law enforcement. What type of information can deter a potential offender? For whom is the prospect of a sanction effective? How can emotions facilitate or impede crime? How does the availability of guns affect behavior in violent conflicts? Do offenders learn to commit crime from the experiences of others? Is crime perpetrate…
Exploring the limits of self-reports and reasoned action
Reflexions sur les problemes theoriques et methodologiques lies au constat de non correlation entre les renseignements donnes par 155 citoyens neerlandais sur une eventuelle fraude fiscale et les indications fournies par des sources officielles
The consequences of different strategies for measuring tax evasion behavior
Be aware to care
Tax evasion research
Decision frame and opportunity as determinants of tax cheating
On measuring tax evasion
Influencing the prospects of tax evasion
Neighborhood crime reduction interventions and perceived livability
High levels of Fear of Crime (FOC) are associated with people engaging with their community less, lower use of public spaces, and a general sense of overall anxiety. In short, such fear may reduce the livability of an area. The primary goal of this research was to examine the potential consequences of environmental interventions intended to reduce crime on FOC and perceived livability of the area. Using immersive Virtual Reality (VR) technology, …
The routine activity of guardianship
The discrepancy between survey-based victim accounts and police reports revisited
This article investigates the discrepancy between victimization surveys and police data, or the extent to which crimes that are reported in one source can be traced back to the other. We used traditional reverse and forward record checks to investigate reciprocal validity. In addition, we designed a new, more comprehensive measure that is more optimally geared towards calculating the total discrepancy between the two data sources. We used victimi…
Modelling Crime Flow between Neighbourhoods in Terms of Distance and of Intervening Opportunities
Racial categorization and preference among older children in The Netherlands
In this study the pervasiveness of racial categorization is investigated among children (10–12 years of age) in multi‐racial schools. Subjects were asked to sort photographs of unknown contemporaries and to indicate preferences. Skin colour, sex and facial expression were used as three characteristics which varied systematically in the pictures. The results show, first, that children preferred to use different features simultaneously instead of a…
On Uninterpretability of Factor Analysis Results
A much neglected stumbling-block in interpreting factor analytical results is the indeterminacy of factors and factor scores. The Guttman criterion is presented as a standard to judge whether in a given case this is so serious a drawback as to prohibit justified interpretation. The criterion is illustrated with some examples from geography. The technique under discussion is factor analysis in a strict sense, as opposed to principal component anal…
On Uninterpretability of Factor Analysis Results
A much neglected stumbling-block in interpreting factor analytical results is the indeterminacy of factors and factor scores. The Guttman criterion is presented as a standard to judge whether in a given case this is so serious a drawback as to prohibit justified interpretation. The criterion is illustrated with some examples from geography. The technique under discussion is factor analysis in a strict sense, as opposed to principal component anal…
General and Physical Self-Esteem and Altruistic Behavior
Attitude toward Death, Fear of Being Declared Dead Too Soon, and Donation of Organs after Death
Although death anxieties seem to play a decisive role in the degree of willingness to donate organs for transplantation after death, the results of most studies have not been able to explain satisfactorily the discrepancy between attitude(s) and behavior in the matter of organ donation. Following up on prior research, this article describes a study based on Weyant's cost-benefit model for altruistic behavior. Two death anxieties (the attitude tow…
The consequences of different strategies for measuring tax evasion behavior
Tax evasion research
Exploring the limits of self-reports and reasoned action
Reflexions sur les problemes theoriques et methodologiques lies au constat de non correlation entre les renseignements donnes par 155 citoyens neerlandais sur une eventuelle fraude fiscale et les indications fournies par des sources officielles
Decision frame and opportunity as determinants of tax cheating
On measuring tax evasion
Racial categorization and preference among older children in The Netherlands
In this study the pervasiveness of racial categorization is investigated among children (10–12 years of age) in multi‐racial schools. Subjects were asked to sort photographs of unknown contemporaries and to indicate preferences. Skin colour, sex and facial expression were used as three characteristics which varied systematically in the pictures. The results show, first, that children preferred to use different features simultaneously instead of a…
Influencing the prospects of tax evasion
Dick Hessing, 1943–2003
Punishment, places and perpetrators
Part 1: Introduction 1. Challenges for criminological and criminal justice research, Gerben Bruinsma and Rolf Loeber 2. Criminology and criminal justice in Europe, Michael Tonry Part 2: Punishment and Criminal Justice 3. Risk assessment and criminal law: closing the gap between criminal law and criminology, Ybo Buruma 4. Actuarial justice and the modern state, Malcolm M. Feeley 5. Punishment, retribution and communication, R. Antony Duff 6. Of cr…
Space–Time Patterns of Risk
Modelling Crime Flow between Neighbourhoods in Terms of Distance and of Intervening Opportunities
Guardianship for crime prevention
Punishment, Places and Perpetrators
The discrepancy between survey-based victim accounts and police reports revisited
This article investigates the discrepancy between victimization surveys and police data, or the extent to which crimes that are reported in one source can be traced back to the other. We used traditional reverse and forward record checks to investigate reciprocal validity. In addition, we designed a new, more comprehensive measure that is more optimally geared towards calculating the total discrepancy between the two data sources. We used victimi…
Be aware to care
Affect and Cognition in Criminal Decision Making
Intervene to be Seen
Security cameras became such a part of everyday life that their presence may escape from our conscious attention. The present research examines the impact of cameras on intervening in crime, a situation in which the classic bystander effect has been uncovered. In our experimental set up, participants witnessed how another participant (a confederate) stole money, in the presence of either two or no other bystanders. Moreover, we used a security ca…
The routine activity of guardianship
Situational Crime Prevention and Offender Decision Making
This chapter focuses on situational crime prevention, a method for reducing opportunities for crime by manipulating the immediate environment. It begins by charting the origins and development of situational crime prevention. It then describes how rational choice was later added as the model of offender decision making to underpin situational crime prevention. Three questions are then considered: Is rational choice the only possible theoretical u…
Co-offending and Co-offender Selection
A notable proportion of crime is committed in company, particularly during youth, but relatively little attention has been paid to the influence of co-offenders on criminal decision making. This chapter reviews current theory and research on co-offending as it relates to three aspects of offender decision making: the decision to (co)-offend, the selection of accomplices, and choices shaping the characteristics of the criminal event (planning, tar…
Observational Methods of Offender Decision Making
The strength of ethnography is that it combines the insights of what people say about crime with what they do when they make the decision to commit crime. Participant observation has played a key role in ethnographic research on crime, but it has become rare in criminology. This chapter argues that despite this development, new types of camera-based observations are emerging that can potentially bring new life into ethnographic research on crime.…
Victim Selection
This chapter reviews what is known about victim selection—that is, the question of why offenders select some people, but not others, to be victims of crime. It first addresses theoretical perspectives on victim selection, namely the structural–choice model of victim selection, social interactionism, and target congruence. It then describes three data sources that have been used in prior research to study victim selection: police reports, victimiz…
Psychology (40 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (27 obras) · Social Psychology (27 obras) · Computer Science (24 obras) · Criminology (23 obras) · Political science (20 obras) · Law (14 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras)