Karmen Toros
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4422159 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Karmen Toros |
| PRENOMES | Karmen |
| SOBRENOME | Toros |
| ASSINATURA | TOROS K |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Tallinn University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1968-5818 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 39 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2013 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Digitally Mediated Participation as Relational Infrastructure in Child Welfare Practice
Digitally mediated participation is increasingly promoted within child welfare practice as a means of enhancing children's participation in decisions affecting their lives. This systematic review synthesises seven qualitative and mixed‐methods studies published between 2015 and 2024 to examine how digital participation functions within contemporary child welfare. Thematic synthesis identified four interconnected relational mechanisms. Digitally m…
The signs of safety framework in child protection practice
Listening to the child
This practice paper draws on focus group interviews with Estonian child protection professionals implementing the Out of the Circle model, a restorative, trauma-informed, and child-centred approach to working with at-risk youth. The findings indicate that the model enhances meaningful youth participation by shifting young people’s role from passive recipients to active partners in decision-making, particularly through co-creation of personal plan…
A Study of the Closed Childcare Institution Service in Estonia
Parents’ voices on parental engagement in child protective services
Purpose Although participatory practices are naturally embedded in child protection, studies find that engaging parents can be challenging, especially with families in child protective services. This paper aims to explore parents’ experiences and perceptions of family engagement in child protection assessment. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores Estonian parents’ ( n = 75) experiences and perceptions of family engagement in child prot…
I have the strength and the Faith’ — adaptation of Ukrainian refugee parents in Estonia after fleeing the war
‘Well, the Child Can’t Choose, Right?’
Child-Centred Approach to Shared Parenting
Family needs and interaction patterns regarding the use of ICT in everyday life
This study offers valuable insights into family needs and interaction patterns regarding the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) in everyday life. Given that ICT has become an important part of everyday family life, it is essential to comprehensively explore family interactions related to experiences with digital technologies. Within the DigiGen project, 30 interviews involving 10 families were conducted with children aged 5 …
I just want to go home, is what I need’ – Voices of Ukrainian refugee children living in Estonia after fleeing the war
Solution-focused approach
Challenges to social work professionalism during the Covid-19 pandemic
The pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of children and families worldwide, disrupting their daily lives and impacting the ability of Child Protective Services (CPS) to respond to children in need. This small-scale study involving 23 child protective workers from local governments in different regions of Estonia used in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore child protection work with children in need d…
The Pandemic Affected My Life in a Negative Way’
This study investigates children's experiences concerning the effect of the containment measures associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on their daily lives. A small‐scale study using in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews was conducted in Estonia with 10 children registered with Child Protective Services (CPS) as in need of assistance. The COVID‐19 pandemic generally negatively affected the children, who struggled with e‐schooling, so…
Building a Collaborative Relationship With an Involuntary Parent in Child Protective Services
Building a collaborative relationship with an involuntary parent is challenging; however, the worker-client relationship is essential to promoting the wellbeing of the child and family. This article describes a small-scale qualitative study conducted with child protective workers in one region of Estonia. Findings indicate that in order to encourage involuntary parents to participate, it was crucial to learn what was provoking their resistance. R…
Storytelling
This paper examines and reflects on a storytelling method that enables children to share their life stories in the intervention and decision-making process associated with child protection evaluations. The child is granted an active role in this process by directly participating in telling their life experiences. The example described herein centers on the case of a 14-year-old girl from SOS Children’s Village (CV) and how storytelling is used to…
Professional Practice in Child Protection and the Child's Right to Participate
This book explains and discusses how a child's right to freedom of expression is upheld through practice and decision-making in Child Protection Services (CPS).Using the right to expression as stipulated in Article 12.2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) as a point of departure, it explains what CPS practices should look like and how they must operate to uphold and enforce the rights of the child by providing "the o…
Professional Practice in Child Protection and the Child's Right to Participate
“ I do not want to cause additional pain … ”–child protection workers’ perspectives on child participation in child protection practice
This paper examines the perspectives of child protection workers (CPWs) (n = 106) on the participation of children in child protection practice in Estonia. The findings indicated that child participation was most related to the term “asking a child’s opinion.” On a theoretical level, CPWs considered the asking of a child’s opinion to be significant in child protection practice in order to make decisions in the child’s best interests. In practice,…
Participation in the Child Protection Assessment
Children’s Participation in Decision Making From Child Welfare Workers’ Perspectives
This article explores child welfare workers’ experiences of children’s participation in decision making in the child protection system. The systematic review follows the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and includes 12 peer-reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2009 to 2019. Findings indicate that children’s participation in decision making is generally limited or nonex…
A systematic review of children’s participation in child protection decision‐making
This article examines children's views on and experiences with participation in the child protection system's decision‐making process. The systematic review follows the PRISMA statement and includes 12 peer‐reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2006 to 2017. Findings suggest that children's contact with their worker was limited or non‐existent, which minimised opportunities to express views regarding their situation; child–worker …
Children expressing their views in child protection casework
Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provides children with the right to express their views in matters that affect them, particularly those of an administrative and judicial nature. This paper examines the academic discourse in child protection research concerning how Article 12 of the CRC is implemented and how it is manifested in child protection service (CPS) casework practices. The systematic review was performed …
Structured peer group supervision
This article reflects on the experiences of Estonian social work undergraduate students with a five-phased structured peer group supervision model, consisting of information, clarification, analysis, feedback and reflection phases. This kind of systematic case reflection enables the generation and critical exploration of new perspectives and solutions among those seeking to become professional social workers. Students emphasised that this model i…
Interprofessional collaboration in social rehabilitation services for dually-involved Estonian youth
A child’s right to protection during the Covid-19 crisis
Participatory discourse
Children expressing their views in child protection casework
Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provides children with the right to express their views in matters that affect them, particularly those of an administrative and judicial nature. This paper examines the academic discourse in child protection research concerning how Article 12 of the CRC is implemented and how it is manifested in child protection service (CPS) casework practices. The systematic review was performed …
Parental engagement in child protection assessment
Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a sample of 11 child protection workers and 11 parents in southern Estonia, this article reports the findings of participants’ experiences of and perspectives on parental engagement in the context of child protection assessment. The four themes that emerge from the content analysis suggest that participants’ perspectives differ in understanding and experiencing the engagement. Workers perceive …
Estonian child protection workers’ assessment perspectives
After years of Soviet occupation, the country of Estonia is in transition, as are their newly developed child protection services. This quantitative study examines Estonian child protection workers’ perspectives about child welfare work and assessment in the context of children in need. These findings indicate that workers seem to overly rely on a deficit-based, as opposed to a strengths-based approach and lack skills for understanding their role…
Child-centered approach in the context of the assessment of children in need
Child protective workers’ reflections on principles underpinning the assessment of children in need
This article presents the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study that included 20 child protective workers from different regions in Estonia. The research question guiding this study was as follows: What principles underpin child protective workers’ assessment activities in cases with child protection concerns? The respondents provided examples of assessment principles through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that w…
Co-creation of social services on the example of social hackathon
Drawing on three semi-structured focus group interviews with a sample of 14 social hackathon participants in southern Estonia, this article reports the findings of participants’ experiences of the co-creation process in developing new services or innovative solutions to community problems by using a method of social hackathon. In general, hackathon was perceived as a creative and ‘out-of-the-box’ type of approach, a non-traditional way of thinkin…
Family engagement within the context of assessment in child protection practice
Engagement in the context of child protection is of significant international interest, as the participation of family is a central notion in child and family social work. Drawing on in‐depth, semistructured interviews with a sample of 26 child protection workers in 1 region in Estonia, this article reports the findings of the participants' perspectives on family engagement in the context of child protection assessment. Child protection workers p…
Parental engagement in child protection assessment practice
Estonian social policy
Deinstitutionalization is a key issue in the field of social policy. The community-based services movement has challenged the role of institutions as far back as the 1950s, but it is a relatively new development in Central and Eastern Europe. EU membership and the use of structural funds have been key elements of change in many countries; however, the Soviet heritage still overshadows progress and decision-making in social policy. Though deinstit…
Solution-focused approach
A child’s right to protection during the Covid-19 crisis
Juvenile offender rehabilitation in Estonia
Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to study an interprofessional assessment model in rehabilitation services and its implementation in Estonia based on (1) a sample of rehabilitation plans for 160 juvenile offenders aged 7–18 and (2) expert interviews with 10 members of an interprofessional assessment team. Each specialist’s role was compared with the assessments. While each team member is assigned a discrete role based on di…
Miracle question promotes open communication and positive interaction between clients and practitioners
This article reflects on Estonian practitioners’ voices to researchers and other practitioners by sharing their experiences of the solution-focused technique, ‘the miracle question’, they found useful in constructing solutions. This technique promoted thinking about becoming a better practitioner, empowerment, and the need to move away from traditional approaches in order to enhance improved outcomes for clients and to promote their well-being
Child-centered approach in the context of the assessment of children in need
Estonian child protection workers’ assessment perspectives
After years of Soviet occupation, the country of Estonia is in transition, as are their newly developed child protection services. This quantitative study examines Estonian child protection workers’ perspectives about child welfare work and assessment in the context of children in need. These findings indicate that workers seem to overly rely on a deficit-based, as opposed to a strengths-based approach and lack skills for understanding their role…
Assessment of the developmental needs of children in need
Child protective workers must be able to evaluate children's developmental needs in order to assess problems and delays. Skilful and comprehensive assessment leads to outcomes for children that promote their well‐being and development. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study on a sample of Estonian child protective workers that investigated their assessments of the developmental needs of children in cases with child protection con…
Child protective workers’ reflections on principles underpinning the assessment of children in need
This article presents the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study that included 20 child protective workers from different regions in Estonia. The research question guiding this study was as follows: What principles underpin child protective workers’ assessment activities in cases with child protection concerns? The respondents provided examples of assessment principles through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that w…
Juvenile offender rehabilitation in Estonia
Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to study an interprofessional assessment model in rehabilitation services and its implementation in Estonia based on (1) a sample of rehabilitation plans for 160 juvenile offenders aged 7–18 and (2) expert interviews with 10 members of an interprofessional assessment team. Each specialist’s role was compared with the assessments. While each team member is assigned a discrete role based on di…
Social work graduate students’ understanding of strength-eliciting questions in the context of social work assessment
This exploratory study examines Estonian social work graduate students’ (n = 46) understanding of strength-eliciting questions in the context of social work assessment, using a quasi-experimental, pre/post-test research design. Students’ responses indicate some changes in their reflections of strength-eliciting questions after the training course. In the beginning of the course, students’ responses suggested somewhat more emphasis on a deficit ap…
Estonian social policy
Deinstitutionalization is a key issue in the field of social policy. The community-based services movement has challenged the role of institutions as far back as the 1950s, but it is a relatively new development in Central and Eastern Europe. EU membership and the use of structural funds have been key elements of change in many countries; however, the Soviet heritage still overshadows progress and decision-making in social policy. Though deinstit…
Family engagement within the context of assessment in child protection practice
Engagement in the context of child protection is of significant international interest, as the participation of family is a central notion in child and family social work. Drawing on in‐depth, semistructured interviews with a sample of 26 child protection workers in 1 region in Estonia, this article reports the findings of the participants' perspectives on family engagement in the context of child protection assessment. Child protection workers p…
Participatory discourse
Parental engagement in child protection assessment
Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a sample of 11 child protection workers and 11 parents in southern Estonia, this article reports the findings of participants’ experiences of and perspectives on parental engagement in the context of child protection assessment. The four themes that emerge from the content analysis suggest that participants’ perspectives differ in understanding and experiencing the engagement. Workers perceive …
Miracle question promotes open communication and positive interaction between clients and practitioners
This article reflects on Estonian practitioners’ voices to researchers and other practitioners by sharing their experiences of the solution-focused technique, ‘the miracle question’, they found useful in constructing solutions. This technique promoted thinking about becoming a better practitioner, empowerment, and the need to move away from traditional approaches in order to enhance improved outcomes for clients and to promote their well-being
Family engagement in the child welfare system
Interprofessional collaboration in social rehabilitation services for dually-involved Estonian youth
A child’s right to protection during the Covid-19 crisis
Parental engagement in child protection assessment practice
Co-creation of social services on the example of social hackathon
Drawing on three semi-structured focus group interviews with a sample of 14 social hackathon participants in southern Estonia, this article reports the findings of participants’ experiences of the co-creation process in developing new services or innovative solutions to community problems by using a method of social hackathon. In general, hackathon was perceived as a creative and ‘out-of-the-box’ type of approach, a non-traditional way of thinkin…
“ I do not want to cause additional pain … ”–child protection workers’ perspectives on child participation in child protection practice
This paper examines the perspectives of child protection workers (CPWs) (n = 106) on the participation of children in child protection practice in Estonia. The findings indicated that child participation was most related to the term “asking a child’s opinion.” On a theoretical level, CPWs considered the asking of a child’s opinion to be significant in child protection practice in order to make decisions in the child’s best interests. In practice,…
Participation in the Child Protection Assessment
Children’s Participation in Decision Making From Child Welfare Workers’ Perspectives
This article explores child welfare workers’ experiences of children’s participation in decision making in the child protection system. The systematic review follows the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and includes 12 peer-reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2009 to 2019. Findings indicate that children’s participation in decision making is generally limited or nonex…
A systematic review of children’s participation in child protection decision‐making
This article examines children's views on and experiences with participation in the child protection system's decision‐making process. The systematic review follows the PRISMA statement and includes 12 peer‐reviewed articles published in academic journals from 2006 to 2017. Findings suggest that children's contact with their worker was limited or non‐existent, which minimised opportunities to express views regarding their situation; child–worker …
Children expressing their views in child protection casework
Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provides children with the right to express their views in matters that affect them, particularly those of an administrative and judicial nature. This paper examines the academic discourse in child protection research concerning how Article 12 of the CRC is implemented and how it is manifested in child protection service (CPS) casework practices. The systematic review was performed …
Structured peer group supervision
This article reflects on the experiences of Estonian social work undergraduate students with a five-phased structured peer group supervision model, consisting of information, clarification, analysis, feedback and reflection phases. This kind of systematic case reflection enables the generation and critical exploration of new perspectives and solutions among those seeking to become professional social workers. Students emphasised that this model i…
Building a Collaborative Relationship With an Involuntary Parent in Child Protective Services
Building a collaborative relationship with an involuntary parent is challenging; however, the worker-client relationship is essential to promoting the wellbeing of the child and family. This article describes a small-scale qualitative study conducted with child protective workers in one region of Estonia. Findings indicate that in order to encourage involuntary parents to participate, it was crucial to learn what was provoking their resistance. R…
Storytelling
This paper examines and reflects on a storytelling method that enables children to share their life stories in the intervention and decision-making process associated with child protection evaluations. The child is granted an active role in this process by directly participating in telling their life experiences. The example described herein centers on the case of a 14-year-old girl from SOS Children’s Village (CV) and how storytelling is used to…
Professional Practice in Child Protection and the Child's Right to Participate
This book explains and discusses how a child's right to freedom of expression is upheld through practice and decision-making in Child Protection Services (CPS).Using the right to expression as stipulated in Article 12.2 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) as a point of departure, it explains what CPS practices should look like and how they must operate to uphold and enforce the rights of the child by providing "the o…
Psychology (32 obras) · Political science (26 obras) · Child protection (19 obras) · Developmental psychology (19 obras) · Child Abuse and Trauma (18 obras) · Child Welfare and Adoption (18 obras) · Medicine (18 obras) · Sociology (16 obras) · Nursing (15 obras) · Law (14 obras)