N O’Connor
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 5856232 |
|---|---|
| NOME | N O’Connor |
| PRENOMES | N |
| SOBRENOME | O’Connor |
| ASSINATURA | O’CONNOR N |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Medical Research Council |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8329-5443 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 9 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1952 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1989 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
The memory structure of autistic idiot-savant mnemonists
The memory organization of six autistic mnemonists was investigated in two experiments. The first of these provided some evidence that the material of special interest to the subjects, in the present instance bus numbers, was stored in memory in a categorized form. The second study showed that though the idiot-savant mnemonists did not differ from controls in the level of their general memory performance, the factor structure of a number of memor…
Visual memory and motor programmes
Artistically gifted children of normal intelligence and idiot-savant artists as well as two groups of IQ-matched controls were tested for their perception of and recognition memory for shapes. They were also tested for their capacity to graphically reproduce the shapes on sight (copying) or from memory. The material consisted of designs of two levels of complexity and structure.Results showed that while IQ was the determining factor in matching a…
Spatial Representations in Mathematically and in Artistically Gifted Children
Mathematically and artistically gifted children and two IQ-matched control groups were compared for their abilities to carry out several types of visual-spatial tasks. One type of task was verbally presented and required a verbally formulated answer, while another was presented visually and the answer involved a choice of one of several visually presented alternatives. Two other types of problem were investigated, and these were respectively conc…
Naming and classifying
Intellectually gifted children and controls were compared on their ability to name and classify words and pictures of high or low frequency. High IQ children had shorter response latencies than other children and also showed no word frequency effects in the word naming tasks. When having to recall or recognize words of different frequency in a second experiment, no significant frequency effects in recognition were found for either group. With rec…
The Recall of Digits by Normal, Deaf and Autistic Children
Normal, autistic and deaf children were tested for their immediate memory of visually presented digits. The digits were exposed either with or without a left to right spatial display arrangement, and had to be recalled forwards as well as backwards. Normal and deaf children tended to be sensitive to both display conditions and recall requirements whereas autistic children were mainly affected by direction of recall. Serial position effects in the…
The Reordering of Three‐term Series Problems by Blind and Sighted Children
The experiment compared strategies used by blind and sighted children in attempts to solve two forms of the three‐term series problem. Order of magnitude and temporal order were congruent in one, while in the other they were not. Results showed that both groups of children used a sequential rather than a logical order as a guide in answering questions, and that there was no indication that sighted children used a strategy of spatial coding. Strat…
Children's Judgements of Duration
The ability of young children to distinguish a short from a long duration signal was investigated. The findings were: (1) Though children do not tend to orientate spontaneously towards a temporal stimulus dimension, such orientation increases with specific instructions. (2) The difference between the ability to make non‐temporal as compared with temporal judgements is more marked when visual than when auditory stimuli are given. (3) Duration of l…
Remembering of Words by Psychotic and Subnormal Children
It was predicted that recall of structured and unstructured verbal material would differ less in a group of psychotic children than in subnormal controls. This hypothesis was confirmed. In addition, psychotic children had better recall scores than the controls
Visual Analogies of Verbal Operations
Language was analysed into four arbitrarily selected linguistic operations. These operations, seriation, cross-modal coding, immediate memory and cue matching, were translated into visual forms and presented as four tasks. If these tasks were solved by a subject it could be assumed that he understood the basis of linguistic operations whether he could speak or not. Aphasics and the deaf learned the tasks, thus establishing their competence with l…
Visual Imperception in Psychotic Children
Psychotic speaking and non‐speaking children and subnormal controls were compared on visual discrimination tasks. Tasks which could be solved through the use of kinaesthetic, brightness or size cues did not differentiate between the groups, while those which involved shape differences and directional orientation did
Effects of Sensory Input and Sensory Dominance on Severely Disturbed, Autistic Children and on Subnormal Controls
Sensory dominance in children differs with age, development and experience and may be a diagnostic differential in the case of autistic children. This hypothesis was explored in three experiments with autistic children, one concerned with sensory dominance, one with sense discrimination learning and one with the dynamics of this learning process. Imbecile children of the same performance I.Q. were used as controls. The experiments showed that psy…
Recall in normals and subnormals of like mental age
Recognition of Shapes by Normal and Subnormal Children
Normal and subnormal children, matched for mental age, were compared on visual and stereognostic shape recognition. While some subjects were required to explore and recognize the items in the same sensory modality, others had to recognize them in the opposite modality from the one in which they were initially presented. No differences between the conditions were observed in normal children. The imbeciles obtained results similar to those of the n…
Lability in Schizophrenia
Paranoid and non‐paranoid schizophrenics and a control group of normal males were matched for age and compared on three measures of lability. Lability was first measured in terms of the ratio of trials to condition and to extinguish or the ratio of trials to extinguish and recondition. Secondly, it was measured in terms of latencies of response before and after extinction, and thirdly in terms of response pressure before and after extinction. The…
Discrimination and reversal learning in imbeciles
Two types of conditioning in psychotics and normals
A ‘Crespi Effect’ in Male Imbeciles
In order to test the effects on performance of an interchange in incentive level forty male imbeciles were divided into four equal matched groups on the basis of two initial trials on a simple dexterity task. For a further ten trials two groups worked under non‐incentive conditions and two under incentive conditions, in which they were encouraged to reach a goal based on their previous performance. On the last trial one incentive group was change…
Communication in a Mental Hospital Population
Reminiscence and Work Decrement in Catatonic and Paranoid Schizophrenics
A Note on Basal Level of Skin Conductance and Binet I.Q
A group of imbecile women tested on a resting GSR level, namely micro‐mhos conductance and on a dexterity test (GATB tests 0 and P) as well as on Binet Scale (Stanford, 1937 Revision) showed a correlation of −0·4 ( P = 0·02) between Binet i.q. and resting conductance level. It was inferred that male imbeciles would have a significantly higher level of conductance than an equivalent normal male sample. This was found to be case ( t = 2·75, P
The Prediction of Psychological Stability and Anxiety-Aggressiveness from a Battery of Tests Administered to a Group of High Grade Male Mental Defectives
Discrimination and reversal learning in imbeciles
The memory structure of autistic idiot-savant mnemonists
The memory organization of six autistic mnemonists was investigated in two experiments. The first of these provided some evidence that the material of special interest to the subjects, in the present instance bus numbers, was stored in memory in a categorized form. The second study showed that though the idiot-savant mnemonists did not differ from controls in the level of their general memory performance, the factor structure of a number of memor…
Spatial Representations in Mathematically and in Artistically Gifted Children
Mathematically and artistically gifted children and two IQ-matched control groups were compared for their abilities to carry out several types of visual-spatial tasks. One type of task was verbally presented and required a verbally formulated answer, while another was presented visually and the answer involved a choice of one of several visually presented alternatives. Two other types of problem were investigated, and these were respectively conc…
Visual memory and motor programmes
Artistically gifted children of normal intelligence and idiot-savant artists as well as two groups of IQ-matched controls were tested for their perception of and recognition memory for shapes. They were also tested for their capacity to graphically reproduce the shapes on sight (copying) or from memory. The material consisted of designs of two levels of complexity and structure.Results showed that while IQ was the determining factor in matching a…
Remembering of Words by Psychotic and Subnormal Children
It was predicted that recall of structured and unstructured verbal material would differ less in a group of psychotic children than in subnormal controls. This hypothesis was confirmed. In addition, psychotic children had better recall scores than the controls
The Prediction of Psychological Stability and Anxiety-Aggressiveness from a Battery of Tests Administered to a Group of High Grade Male Mental Defectives
A Note on Basal Level of Skin Conductance and Binet I.Q
A group of imbecile women tested on a resting GSR level, namely micro‐mhos conductance and on a dexterity test (GATB tests 0 and P) as well as on Binet Scale (Stanford, 1937 Revision) showed a correlation of −0·4 ( P = 0·02) between Binet i.q. and resting conductance level. It was inferred that male imbeciles would have a significantly higher level of conductance than an equivalent normal male sample. This was found to be case ( t = 2·75, P
Communication in a Mental Hospital Population
Reminiscence and Work Decrement in Catatonic and Paranoid Schizophrenics
A ‘Crespi Effect’ in Male Imbeciles
In order to test the effects on performance of an interchange in incentive level forty male imbeciles were divided into four equal matched groups on the basis of two initial trials on a simple dexterity task. For a further ten trials two groups worked under non‐incentive conditions and two under incentive conditions, in which they were encouraged to reach a goal based on their previous performance. On the last trial one incentive group was change…
Lability in Schizophrenia
Paranoid and non‐paranoid schizophrenics and a control group of normal males were matched for age and compared on three measures of lability. Lability was first measured in terms of the ratio of trials to condition and to extinguish or the ratio of trials to extinguish and recondition. Secondly, it was measured in terms of latencies of response before and after extinction, and thirdly in terms of response pressure before and after extinction. The…
Discrimination and reversal learning in imbeciles
Two types of conditioning in psychotics and normals
Recognition of Shapes by Normal and Subnormal Children
Normal and subnormal children, matched for mental age, were compared on visual and stereognostic shape recognition. While some subjects were required to explore and recognize the items in the same sensory modality, others had to recognize them in the opposite modality from the one in which they were initially presented. No differences between the conditions were observed in normal children. The imbeciles obtained results similar to those of the n…
Recall in normals and subnormals of like mental age
Effects of Sensory Input and Sensory Dominance on Severely Disturbed, Autistic Children and on Subnormal Controls
Sensory dominance in children differs with age, development and experience and may be a diagnostic differential in the case of autistic children. This hypothesis was explored in three experiments with autistic children, one concerned with sensory dominance, one with sense discrimination learning and one with the dynamics of this learning process. Imbecile children of the same performance I.Q. were used as controls. The experiments showed that psy…
Visual Analogies of Verbal Operations
Language was analysed into four arbitrarily selected linguistic operations. These operations, seriation, cross-modal coding, immediate memory and cue matching, were translated into visual forms and presented as four tasks. If these tasks were solved by a subject it could be assumed that he understood the basis of linguistic operations whether he could speak or not. Aphasics and the deaf learned the tasks, thus establishing their competence with l…
Visual Imperception in Psychotic Children
Psychotic speaking and non‐speaking children and subnormal controls were compared on visual discrimination tasks. Tasks which could be solved through the use of kinaesthetic, brightness or size cues did not differentiate between the groups, while those which involved shape differences and directional orientation did
Remembering of Words by Psychotic and Subnormal Children
It was predicted that recall of structured and unstructured verbal material would differ less in a group of psychotic children than in subnormal controls. This hypothesis was confirmed. In addition, psychotic children had better recall scores than the controls
Children's Judgements of Duration
The ability of young children to distinguish a short from a long duration signal was investigated. The findings were: (1) Though children do not tend to orientate spontaneously towards a temporal stimulus dimension, such orientation increases with specific instructions. (2) The difference between the ability to make non‐temporal as compared with temporal judgements is more marked when visual than when auditory stimuli are given. (3) Duration of l…
The Reordering of Three‐term Series Problems by Blind and Sighted Children
The experiment compared strategies used by blind and sighted children in attempts to solve two forms of the three‐term series problem. Order of magnitude and temporal order were congruent in one, while in the other they were not. Results showed that both groups of children used a sequential rather than a logical order as a guide in answering questions, and that there was no indication that sighted children used a strategy of spatial coding. Strat…
The Recall of Digits by Normal, Deaf and Autistic Children
Normal, autistic and deaf children were tested for their immediate memory of visually presented digits. The digits were exposed either with or without a left to right spatial display arrangement, and had to be recalled forwards as well as backwards. Normal and deaf children tended to be sensitive to both display conditions and recall requirements whereas autistic children were mainly affected by direction of recall. Serial position effects in the…
Naming and classifying
Intellectually gifted children and controls were compared on their ability to name and classify words and pictures of high or low frequency. High IQ children had shorter response latencies than other children and also showed no word frequency effects in the word naming tasks. When having to recall or recognize words of different frequency in a second experiment, no significant frequency effects in recognition were found for either group. With rec…
Spatial Representations in Mathematically and in Artistically Gifted Children
Mathematically and artistically gifted children and two IQ-matched control groups were compared for their abilities to carry out several types of visual-spatial tasks. One type of task was verbally presented and required a verbally formulated answer, while another was presented visually and the answer involved a choice of one of several visually presented alternatives. Two other types of problem were investigated, and these were respectively conc…
Visual memory and motor programmes
Artistically gifted children of normal intelligence and idiot-savant artists as well as two groups of IQ-matched controls were tested for their perception of and recognition memory for shapes. They were also tested for their capacity to graphically reproduce the shapes on sight (copying) or from memory. The material consisted of designs of two levels of complexity and structure.Results showed that while IQ was the determining factor in matching a…
The memory structure of autistic idiot-savant mnemonists
The memory organization of six autistic mnemonists was investigated in two experiments. The first of these provided some evidence that the material of special interest to the subjects, in the present instance bus numbers, was stored in memory in a categorized form. The second study showed that though the idiot-savant mnemonists did not differ from controls in the level of their general memory performance, the factor structure of a number of memor…
Psychology (21 obras) · Cognitive psychology (15 obras) · Developmental psychology (15 obras) · Audiology (8 obras) · Medicine (6 obras) · Psychiatry (5 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (4 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (4 obras) · Clinical Psychology (4 obras) · Cognition (4 obras)