Olayinka Akanle
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 79273 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Olayinka Akanle |
| PRENOMES | Olayinka |
| SOBRENOME | Akanle |
| ASSINATURA | AKANLE O |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Ibadan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4707-4491 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 119 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2007 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Gender Roles, Emotional Attachment and Culture Among Young Couples in Globalizing Nigeria
Marriage is a major institution in Africa. While globalization continues to play key roles in marital relations among young people/youth, context of marriage and gender provides cultural avenues to examine the mutabilities and immutabilities of culture in the age of globalization. While works exist globally on the intersections of youth, love and emotions, very few studies exist on these issues in African societies where gender and culture play s…
International Migration and Support Systems of Left-Behind Spouses in Ibadan, Nigeria
The migration of a spouse across international borders is a major cause of divorce and marital dissolution in Nigeria, especially in Ibadan, where a large number of spouses are left behind. Although the impact of remittances on left-behind spouses has been a major focus of existing studies on migration, support systems appear underrepresented, particularly within hybridised societies where the domains of the interplay between traditionality and m…
What are the Social Costs of Inter ιational Migration? Narratives of Lived Realities from Nigerian Migrants, their Kinship and Social Networks
Context of Male Single Parenting in Nigeria
Most studies have documented experiences of single parents focusing more predominantly on realities of females. This is especially so in studies on Africa where single parenting has been commonly narrated as core cluster of patriarchy and feminization of gender oppression. In this article, the authors contribute to knowledge by examining single parenting from experiences of men - male single parents in patriarchal context of Africa thereby nuanci…
Engaging Data Literacies in Displacement
Data-driven humanitarianism is changing the face of aid. More data potentially enables quicker and more efficient evidence-based responses to situations of conflict and disaster. Yet the proliferation of data also challenges traditional lines of accountability, exacerbates the drive toward extractive relations and processes while deepening communication barriers and asymmetric relations between humanitarians and affected communities. This article…
Men in Women Industrial Space
A definitive element of labor market is gender-based occupational segregation. Most previous studies on the subject of gender and labor have concentrated on gender mainstreaming and glass ceiling in formal economy with little attention to gender and informal economy. Hence, there has been very little attention to men venturing into female areas of traditional informal economy of Africa. This article, therefore, contributes fresh insights and inte…
Data gathering and utilization
Globalization and Islamic Music (Asalatu) in Nigeria
This article explores Asalatu, a form of Islamic music among Yoruba Muslims in Nigeria, against the backdrop of globalization and the impact of Western music. The article points to observed changes in the music and musical possibilities within increasing secularization. Drawing on ethnographic data, the article illuminates tangential issues such as the use of the mother tongue for Islamic music as opposed to Arabic, and the introduction of dance …
Youth Exclusion and Empowerment in the Contemporary Global Order
Youth Exclusion and Empowerment in the Contemporary Global Order
The second of two volumes filling a gap in the literature in understanding and responding to this grand challenge, this edited collection focuses particularly on the impact and complex consequences of migration, youth experiences and the functioning of digital spaces, and the shaping of youth identity through exposure to both.
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) and remittances in Africa
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the most ambitious development frameworks to assist in driving inclusive development globally. This is particularly so relative to Africa. Several efforts have been made to achieve development in Africa but more efforts are needed to achieve desired results. Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) and Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs), which used to positively impact development on the continent, have been o…
Land grabbing and resistance of indigenous landowners in Ibadan, Nigeria
The focus of existing studies on land grabbing in Nigeria has been on acquisition by foreign investors for their socio-economic gain, usually supported by the national government. However, narratives on land grabbing by government through the Land Use Decree and the consequent resistance deployed by the indigenous landowners are scarce. The Accumulation by Dispossession theory and an exploratory design were combined with qualitative methods to ga…
Diaspora Networks and Investments in Nigeria
Networks are important systems that impact multiple aspects of economic activities such as investments, businesses, innovation, and entrepreneurship skills. However, there is scant literature examining the crucial networks needed to inform diasporas' decisions and oversee businesses/investments in their countries of origin. Using social network theory, the primary data for this article were gathered using in-depth interviews from 2019 to 2020. Th…
Children’s Participation in Decision Making within the Family Context of Yoruba Culture
The Unending Development Question of Nigeria
Gender and fast food in Nigeria and South Africa
Food is not just a material entity in African contexts. Cultivation, production, preparation, distribution and consumption of food are laden with value, embedded with and significant in social–cultural relations. Hence, the nature and contexts of food determine and demonstrate important gender essence, realities and structures of societies. Unfortunately, food elements and trajectories are often taken for granted and not sufficiently studied even…
Farmers-Herders Conflicts and Development in Nigeria
The conflict between farmers and herders have constituted serious concerns and impediments to development in Nigeria. Development entails food security, of which dairy needs are integral. The global campaign for good agricultural practices (GAP) essentially focuses on the preservation of humans, animals and the general ecosystem, as the world continues to confront the depletion of the ozone layers. In Nigeria, the development concerns of farmers-…
The Information Communication Technology, Social Media, International Migration and Migrants' Relations with Kin in Nigeria
Studies abound on international migration and remittances across the world and studies are particularly not lacking on the subject in Africa. There are however few studies on the moderating roles of information communication technology (ICT) and social media in the relationships among international migration, remittances and relationships in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article examines the dimension of ICT and social media in migration studies. This…
Mothers-in-Law or Monsters-in-Law
In the African kinship system, elders have significant roles. Especially within families, roles including care and socialization are established by cultural normativity. Since socialization processes are intergenerational, older generations inculcate these norms and the values of the society in the younger generation. This makes mothers-in-law relevant in families. The roles of mothers-in-law in younger families are widely acknowledged as key in …
Ọsẹ Dúdú
This study explored the benefits of the production, sale, and consumption of Indigenous black soap (ọsẹ dúdú) in southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 71 participants from Oyo, Ogun, and Lagos states. Participants were extensively interviewed, and their responses were analyzed and placed into themes. The study found certain economic- and health-related benefits attached to the production, sale, and consumption of b…
Understanding the history, needs and experiences of looked after children with African heritage
Orphanages have traditionally played a key role in meeting the needs of abandoned and displaced children. This is still the case in many countries like Nigeria where they provide shelter for children of all ages presenting a variety of needs. For those defined as orphaned and vulnerable, there are few alternatives and no budgetary allocations for residential provision. In this situation, the management of orphanages has become a salient issue and…
Changing but Fragile
Even though the phenomenon of female family support may not be entirely new in Africa, breadwinning is the primary role of men in most African societies. However, as more women get education and enter paid employment, and some men lose jobs, traditional breadwinning roles are challenged and, sometimes, inverted as growing numbers of women become family breadwinners. Female breadwinning may not be without implications for family stability, however…
International Migration, Kinship Networks and Social Capital in Southwestern Nigeria
International migration attracts global concern as international migration and its remittances are highly important mechanisms with profound implications for family, community, and national and international sustainability across borderlines. The demand for workers in most industrialized countries in order to sustain national economies and aspiration of migrants from less industrialized nations for better job opportunities and better ways of life…
The Development of Africa
International migration narratives
International migration is one of the most discussed and controversial subjects in policies, programs, and practices. The discussions and controversies commonly revolve around issues of gains and/or otherwise of international migrations: to the world, to the sending and receiving countries, and to the migrants, for example. The objective ramifications of these issues, however, remain unclear in accounts, processes, and outcomes thereby leading to…
Turbulent but I must endure in silence
As Africa's urban systems change and transform with more women becoming educated and getting work outside the home and more men are confronting unemployment and retrenchment, an emerging phenomenon has surfaced challenging common gender identities and roles in the context of families. Current livelihood realities reconstruct and renegotiate how household needs are met and who meets these needs, consequently questioning traditional patriarchal dic…
Changing but Fragile
Even though the phenomenon of female family support may not be entirely new in Africa, breadwinning is the primary role of men in most African societies. However, as more women get education and enter paid employment, and some men lose jobs, traditional breadwinning roles are challenged and, sometimes, inverted as growing numbers of women become family breadwinners. Female breadwinning may not be without implications for family stability, however…
Ethnography of Kinship Constructions among International Returnees in Nigeria
It is impossible to understand African lifeways without recourse to oral traditions because behaviors, orientations, and attitudes are succinctly codified, contextualized, and only fully explainable with reference to oral traditions, especially through the use of proverbs. Unfortunately, recent studies have not sufficiently utilized proverbs as analytical frameworks to explain African kinship. Thus, in this article we explore dynamics of kinship …
Fast Food in Ibadan
In its modernization garb, development has come to mean the inculcation of foreign values resulting in the fundamental transformation of modernizing nations. Ironically, little attention is being drawn to the consequences of modernizing influences. This is the core of the article. Through qualitative research methodology consisting of in-depth interviews (IDIs), participant observation and informal interviews, the article examines the emergence a…
Peripheral scholarship and the context of foreign paid publishing in Nigeria
Lately, a phenomenal dimension of peripheral scholarship, compulsorily demanding the 'foreign', has evolved into the practice of paid publishing in 'foreign' journals among Nigerian academics. These 'foreign' journals afford speedy publishing at a fee with little or no peer review. This study is a descriptive research which collected qualitative data through 30 in-depth interviews conducted with academics in two federal universities in Nigeria. T…
Asuwada Epistemology and Globalised Sociology
Professor Akiwowo propounded the Asuwada Theory of Sociation in the 1980s as a contextual episteme to explain African social experience. The theory particularly attempts an indigenous postulation to social interactions among Africans in general and the Yoruba in particular. Its concepts attempt to emphasise contextual values of social beings who would contribute to social survival and community integration and development. This theory postulates …
The Information Communication Technology, Social Media, International Migration and Migrants' Relations with Kin in Nigeria
Studies abound on international migration and remittances across the world and studies are particularly not lacking on the subject in Africa. There are however few studies on the moderating roles of information communication technology (ICT) and social media in the relationships among international migration, remittances and relationships in Sub-Saharan Africa. This article examines the dimension of ICT and social media in migration studies. This…
International Migration, Kinship Networks and Social Capital in Southwestern Nigeria
International migration attracts global concern as international migration and its remittances are highly important mechanisms with profound implications for family, community, and national and international sustainability across borderlines. The demand for workers in most industrialized countries in order to sustain national economies and aspiration of migrants from less industrialized nations for better job opportunities and better ways of life…
International Migrants' Remittances and Kinship Networks in Nigeria
International migrants’ remittances are among the most researched subjects in contemporary globalization scholarship and policy studies. Most studies have examined the impacts of remittances on households in developing countries, and the findings are often positive and optimistic. Many of the existing studies have, however, presented only the positive economic impacts of remittances on households, with very little attention being paid to the equa…
Fuel subsidy in Nigeria
Purpose – Fuel subsidy removal has become a recurring issue in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have interfaced with this issue as they attempted to reform the economy and the petroleum downstream to reduce corruption and waste and make the sector more effective. Importantly however, fuel subsidy removals have always met opposition from the citizens and civil society organisations. The remit of this article is to bring original and …
International migration narratives
International migration is one of the most discussed and controversial subjects in policies, programs, and practices. The discussions and controversies commonly revolve around issues of gains and/or otherwise of international migrations: to the world, to the sending and receiving countries, and to the migrants, for example. The objective ramifications of these issues, however, remain unclear in accounts, processes, and outcomes thereby leading to…
European football clubs and football betting among the youths in Nigeria
European football clubs are very popular social realities in Nigeria. Their existence and activities shape social relations, process and outcomes of well-being as well as socio-economic and policy orthodoxies. Unfortunately, social trajectories of well-being, economic ramifications and policies remain poorly understood in Nigeria. What some people are aware of is the popularity of the clubs and not the intensification of associated implications a…
Land grabbing and resistance of indigenous landowners in Ibadan, Nigeria
The focus of existing studies on land grabbing in Nigeria has been on acquisition by foreign investors for their socio-economic gain, usually supported by the national government. However, narratives on land grabbing by government through the Land Use Decree and the consequent resistance deployed by the indigenous landowners are scarce. The Accumulation by Dispossession theory and an exploratory design were combined with qualitative methods to ga…
Kinship construction variability among Nigerian international migrants
Understanding the selves, situations and actions of Africans can never be comprehended outside kinship. Local and foreign worldviews are first pigeonholed into culture and defined within kinship realities in Nigeria and Africa. There have been studies on kinship in Africa. However, the findings from such studies portrayed the immutability of African kinship. Thus, as an important contribution to the on-going engagement of kinship in the twenty-fi…
Gender and fast food in Nigeria and South Africa
Food is not just a material entity in African contexts. Cultivation, production, preparation, distribution and consumption of food are laden with value, embedded with and significant in social–cultural relations. Hence, the nature and contexts of food determine and demonstrate important gender essence, realities and structures of societies. Unfortunately, food elements and trajectories are often taken for granted and not sufficiently studied even…
Pentecostalism, Kinship Networks and the Elderly in Akanran, South-Western Nigeria
This article examined the nexus and trajectories of Pentecostalism, kinship and the elderly in Akanran, Ona-Ara Local government, Oyo State, Nigeria. The article is exploratory and heuristic to better understand a neglected area in gerontology particularly as interface of what we call The Sociology of social construction of evil within African contemporary religious systems. Data collection was undertaken through qualitative methods of non-partic…
The Sociology of Gender Equality and Development in Democratizing Nigeria
Although it is commonly believed that gender equality is a human right issue and that its protection should be natural and non-negotiable, this is usually not the case especially in Africa with deep-rooted traditional systems and patriarchal structures that sustain gender inequality. Since Nigeria's return to democracy, even against the backdrop of huge militarization of the psyche of Nigerians due to long spell with military dictatorship, it wou…
Men in Women Industrial Space
A definitive element of labor market is gender-based occupational segregation. Most previous studies on the subject of gender and labor have concentrated on gender mainstreaming and glass ceiling in formal economy with little attention to gender and informal economy. Hence, there has been very little attention to men venturing into female areas of traditional informal economy of Africa. This article, therefore, contributes fresh insights and inte…
Diaspora Networks and Investments in Nigeria
Networks are important systems that impact multiple aspects of economic activities such as investments, businesses, innovation, and entrepreneurship skills. However, there is scant literature examining the crucial networks needed to inform diasporas' decisions and oversee businesses/investments in their countries of origin. Using social network theory, the primary data for this article were gathered using in-depth interviews from 2019 to 2020. Th…
Children’s Participation in Decision Making within the Family Context of Yoruba Culture
Mothers-in-Law or Monsters-in-Law
In the African kinship system, elders have significant roles. Especially within families, roles including care and socialization are established by cultural normativity. Since socialization processes are intergenerational, older generations inculcate these norms and the values of the society in the younger generation. This makes mothers-in-law relevant in families. The roles of mothers-in-law in younger families are widely acknowledged as key in …
Corruption and the Nigerian Development Quagmire
One of the most difficult and dangerous issues in Nigeria is corruption. Corruption is so common in Nigeria that there can hardly be any new perspective and approach to it. In fact, corruption is so pervasive in the country that it would be nearly correct to opine that it is a way of life. To this extent, everyone in Nigeria, whether educated or otherwise, knows something about corruption, can cite cases and can attempt some level of analysis. Ge…
Cooperative Societies in the Development Discourse of Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
Development remains a fundamental challenge confronting Nigeria. Hence, governments at all levels and development partners continue to experiment with different innovative frameworks and approaches. Many of the experimented approaches are however poorly understood leading to ineffective programming. Among the strategies for development are cooperative societies. However, more scholarly works are needed to actually understand the development poten…
African Scholarship and Visa Challenges for Nigerian Academics
Twenty-first-century societies are driven by knowledge. But knowledge regimes in the world today are not balanced, which leads to dubious knowledge, poor recommendations, and vacuous conclusions in the areas of policy and practice. This is manifested in and closely related to the compromised academic mobility of African scholars, which has become topical and in need of attention across the global knowledge domains. African scholarship and scholar…
Modernity, McDonaldisation and Family Values in Nigeria
Societies change as they come in contact with external influences and social organizations and relations become more complex. The nature of change may be dramatic or gradual and, in either case, change affects the norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, socialization process, and the general ethics that distinguish the group from every other, especially in this age of globalization. Since change can either be positive or negative and may have practica…
Modernity, McDonaldisation and Family Values in Nigeria
Societies change as they come in contact with external influences and social organizations and relations become more complex. The nature of change may be dramatic or gradual and, in either case, change affects the norms, values, beliefs, attitudes, socialization process, and the general ethics that distinguish the group from every other, especially in this age of globalization. Since change can either be positive or negative and may have practica…
Fast Food in Ibadan
In its modernization garb, development has come to mean the inculcation of foreign values resulting in the fundamental transformation of modernizing nations. Ironically, little attention is being drawn to the consequences of modernizing influences. This is the core of the article. Through qualitative research methodology consisting of in-depth interviews (IDIs), participant observation and informal interviews, the article examines the emergence a…
Kinship Socio-Economics of Nigerian International Migrants
Kinship construction variability among Nigerian international migrants
Understanding the selves, situations and actions of Africans can never be comprehended outside kinship. Local and foreign worldviews are first pigeonholed into culture and defined within kinship realities in Nigeria and Africa. There have been studies on kinship in Africa. However, the findings from such studies portrayed the immutability of African kinship. Thus, as an important contribution to the on-going engagement of kinship in the twenty-fi…
The Sociology of Gender Equality and Development in Democratizing Nigeria
Although it is commonly believed that gender equality is a human right issue and that its protection should be natural and non-negotiable, this is usually not the case especially in Africa with deep-rooted traditional systems and patriarchal structures that sustain gender inequality. Since Nigeria's return to democracy, even against the backdrop of huge militarization of the psyche of Nigerians due to long spell with military dictatorship, it wou…
Methodological pathways to kinship networks and international return migration
Although international migration has received significant attention in the literature, this is usually in respect of development and remittances. Methodological issues on the subject are very scarce more so relative to the interface of kinship and international return migration. Yet methodological issues remain crucial to useful understanding of the processes and dynamics of the problem. This article thus fills the gap by concentrating on methodo…
Ethnography of Kinship Constructions among International Returnees in Nigeria
It is impossible to understand African lifeways without recourse to oral traditions because behaviors, orientations, and attitudes are succinctly codified, contextualized, and only fully explainable with reference to oral traditions, especially through the use of proverbs. Unfortunately, recent studies have not sufficiently utilized proverbs as analytical frameworks to explain African kinship. Thus, in this article we explore dynamics of kinship …
African Scholarship and Visa Challenges for Nigerian Academics
Twenty-first-century societies are driven by knowledge. But knowledge regimes in the world today are not balanced, which leads to dubious knowledge, poor recommendations, and vacuous conclusions in the areas of policy and practice. This is manifested in and closely related to the compromised academic mobility of African scholars, which has become topical and in need of attention across the global knowledge domains. African scholarship and scholar…
Fuel subsidy in Nigeria
Purpose – Fuel subsidy removal has become a recurring issue in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have interfaced with this issue as they attempted to reform the economy and the petroleum downstream to reduce corruption and waste and make the sector more effective. Importantly however, fuel subsidy removals have always met opposition from the citizens and civil society organisations. The remit of this article is to bring original and …
A Cultural Anthropology of Head Porterage
In this article, we examined the repertoire of existences, processes and practises as well as mechanisms of open market place trading that is a definitive character of trading and associated dealings in many Sub-Saharan Africa countries which is as a result of the nature and structure of social and economic organizations cum cultural relational infrastructures of these Sub-Saharan societies. One stop shops and shopping malls that commonly punctua…
Pentecostalism, Kinship Networks and the Elderly in Akanran, South-Western Nigeria
This article examined the nexus and trajectories of Pentecostalism, kinship and the elderly in Akanran, Ona-Ara Local government, Oyo State, Nigeria. The article is exploratory and heuristic to better understand a neglected area in gerontology particularly as interface of what we call The Sociology of social construction of evil within African contemporary religious systems. Data collection was undertaken through qualitative methods of non-partic…
Cooperative Societies in the Development Discourse of Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
Development remains a fundamental challenge confronting Nigeria. Hence, governments at all levels and development partners continue to experiment with different innovative frameworks and approaches. Many of the experimented approaches are however poorly understood leading to ineffective programming. Among the strategies for development are cooperative societies. However, more scholarly works are needed to actually understand the development poten…
Peripheral scholarship and the context of foreign paid publishing in Nigeria
Lately, a phenomenal dimension of peripheral scholarship, compulsorily demanding the 'foreign', has evolved into the practice of paid publishing in 'foreign' journals among Nigerian academics. These 'foreign' journals afford speedy publishing at a fee with little or no peer review. This study is a descriptive research which collected qualitative data through 30 in-depth interviews conducted with academics in two federal universities in Nigeria. T…
The Social Phenomenon of Football
Corruption and the Nigerian Development Quagmire
One of the most difficult and dangerous issues in Nigeria is corruption. Corruption is so common in Nigeria that there can hardly be any new perspective and approach to it. In fact, corruption is so pervasive in the country that it would be nearly correct to opine that it is a way of life. To this extent, everyone in Nigeria, whether educated or otherwise, knows something about corruption, can cite cases and can attempt some level of analysis. Ge…
The existentialities of Ethiopian and Nigerian migrants in South Africa
Many studies on international migrations have concentrated on South-North migrations, causes and consequences of such migrations, sending and receiving countries and characteristics of migrants’ interfaces. there is much less scholarly work on South-South migrations, and academic and policy works on wider Africans’ migrations into South Africa are particularly scarce. even among the very few existing studies on South-South migrations, very few ac…
European football clubs and football betting among the youths in Nigeria
European football clubs are very popular social realities in Nigeria. Their existence and activities shape social relations, process and outcomes of well-being as well as socio-economic and policy orthodoxies. Unfortunately, social trajectories of well-being, economic ramifications and policies remain poorly understood in Nigeria. What some people are aware of is the popularity of the clubs and not the intensification of associated implications a…
Modernization and Development
Understanding development is a strategic issue in every human society. This is because central to humans is the need to develop, which is why societies over the ages have not only sought to develop, they have also attempted to understand what development is all about, how best to develop and what the outcomes of development should be. This is why scholars and nations have commonly categorized countries/societies as developed and developing/underd…
Asuwada Epistemology and Globalised Sociology
Professor Akiwowo propounded the Asuwada Theory of Sociation in the 1980s as a contextual episteme to explain African social experience. The theory particularly attempts an indigenous postulation to social interactions among Africans in general and the Yoruba in particular. Its concepts attempt to emphasise contextual values of social beings who would contribute to social survival and community integration and development. This theory postulates …
International Migrants' Remittances and Kinship Networks in Nigeria
International migrants’ remittances are among the most researched subjects in contemporary globalization scholarship and policy studies. Most studies have examined the impacts of remittances on households in developing countries, and the findings are often positive and optimistic. Many of the existing studies have, however, presented only the positive economic impacts of remittances on households, with very little attention being paid to the equa…
Jedijedi
The nexus of indigenous knowledge systems, medicine and disease conceptualisation remains a critical issue in having sustainable health globally. If knowledge about diseases is not objectively shared, sustainable global health may never be achieved. This is exacerbated by the political economy of South and West relations, which affect medical knowledge flows and acceptance. This article thereby investigates the knowledge gap ramifications of jedi…
The Development of Africa
International migration narratives
International migration is one of the most discussed and controversial subjects in policies, programs, and practices. The discussions and controversies commonly revolve around issues of gains and/or otherwise of international migrations: to the world, to the sending and receiving countries, and to the migrants, for example. The objective ramifications of these issues, however, remain unclear in accounts, processes, and outcomes thereby leading to…
Turbulent but I must endure in silence
As Africa's urban systems change and transform with more women becoming educated and getting work outside the home and more men are confronting unemployment and retrenchment, an emerging phenomenon has surfaced challenging common gender identities and roles in the context of families. Current livelihood realities reconstruct and renegotiate how household needs are met and who meets these needs, consequently questioning traditional patriarchal dic…
International Migration, Kinship Networks and Social Capital in Southwestern Nigeria
International migration attracts global concern as international migration and its remittances are highly important mechanisms with profound implications for family, community, and national and international sustainability across borderlines. The demand for workers in most industrialized countries in order to sustain national economies and aspiration of migrants from less industrialized nations for better job opportunities and better ways of life…
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