John C Barrett
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 81283 |
|---|---|
| NOME | John C Barrett |
| PRENOMES | John C |
| SOBRENOME | Barrett |
| ASSINATURA | BARRETT J C |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Glasgow |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1152-370X |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 57 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 640 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 57 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1909 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
The Politics of the Cross
Daniel K. Williams argues that evangelical Christians should support progressive economic policies including expanded welfare and childcare programs, higher taxes, and subsidized access to healthcare and education. These policies, he argues, are not only effective tools for combating poverty and inequality, they are also effective tools for addressing the issues of abortion and traditional marriage—they alleviate the economic pressures that disco…
Humanness as performance
If archaeology is the examination of historical conditions with reference to a surviving material residue, then one way in which these conditions might be characterized is as the different ways they had enabled the development of different forms of humanness. The historical construction of this diversity is discussed here as the ways that the relationships between humans and things had been performed. This means that the practice of archaeology m…
Early Islamic North Africa
This volume proposes a new approach to the Arab conquests and the spread of Islam in North Africa. In recent years, those studying the Islamic world have shown that the coming of Islam was not marked by devastation or decline, but rather by considerable cultural and economic continuity. In North Africa, with continuity came significant change. Corisande Fenwick argues that the establishment of Muslim rule also coincided with a phase of intense ur…
Comment on ‘The symmetries and asymmetries of human–thing relations. A dialogue’
Gavin Lucas questions whether Ian Hodder's analysis of the ‘entanglements’ between humans and many other things necessarily assumes an inherent asymmetry. The quick answer is that it is more than likely, and we might wonder why Lucas thinks that this is a problem. The recent ‘ontological turn’ in archaeology has sought to treat the differences between all things ‘symmetrically’ and ‘without a priori subsuming them into an asymmetrical regime of r…
The new antiquarianism
Christopher Witmore (2014: 215) recently observed that "things go on perturbing one another when humans cease to be part of the picture. A former house may be transformed through relations with bacteria, hedgehogs, water, compaction"; and if the materials that archaeologists confront are material memories (cf. Olivier 2011) from which a past is to be recalled in the future, thenThe kind of memory that things hold often tells us little of whether …
Archaeology after interpretation. Returning humanity to archaeological theory
Do archaeologists recover the material record of past processes or the residues of the material conditions that made the presence of a kind of humanness possible? This paper attempts to emphasize the importance of distinguishing between these two options and argues the case for, and briefly contemplates the practical implications of, an archaeology of the human presence
What kind of archaeology do we want? Introduction
Contemporary archaeology seems to be marked by a questioning of the limits of interpretation, pushing for a radical change in the way we conceptualize our engagement with the past, the material and the world we live in: from archaeologies of affect, to new materialist approaches or calls to political engagement, practitioners seem to experiment with new questions and theoretical tools. As Artur Ribeiro points out in his contribution to the follow…
The Dalrymple Lectures 16–19 November 2015 Social Evolution
"The Dalrymple Lectures 16–19 November 2015 Social Evolution." Scottish Archaeological Journal, 36-37(1), p. v
The Emergent Past
The Gospel of Freedom and Power
Let me help. Your help isn't helping. The phrase could well sum up a half-century's worth of public debates over the American missionary endeavor. These “public conversations” are the focus of Sarah E. Ruble's book, The Gospel of Freedom and Power: Protestant Missionaries in American Culture after World War II. Ruble takes us on a meandering tour of the debates by presenting excerpts from denominational newsletters, magazines, speeches, and novel…
The material constitution of humanness
This contribution responds to recent calls to establish a 'symmetrical archaeology' that will assign agency both to humans and to things. My case is that living and non-living things should be distinguished, and for archaeology to be particularly concerned with the ways different qualities ofhumannesshave been constituted in the symbiotic relationships betweenHomo sapiensand other living and non-living things
Pictish Byre-houses at Pitcarmick and their landscape
‘Pitcarmick-type’ houses were identified by the Royal Commission in north east Perthshire in 1988 and published in their survey of 1990. Long and narrow with rounded ends, they seemed to occur in a sequence between prehistoric roundhouses and medieval and post-medieval dwellings. They were therefore provisionally assigned to the later 1st millennium AD, a period associated in this region with the Picts. Excavations by John Barrett and Jane Downes…
The Archaeology of Mind
Narratives of human evolution place considerable emphasis upon human cognitive development resulting from the evolution of brain architecture and witnessed by the production of ‘symbolic’ material culture. Recent work has modified the narrative to the extent that cognitive development is treated as the product of humanity's ability to download certain aspects of brain functionality, such as the storage of information, into external media. This ar…
The Neolithic Revolution
Chronologies of landscape
A phenomenology of landscape
Recent criticism of the accuracy of the claimed observations on monument location by workers employing a 'phenomenological' approach to landscape archaeology in Britain has exposed failures in the way their particular approach has been employed to explain the choices made in the siting of certain Neolithic monuments. This article explains why such errors of record may have occurred and re-examines the ways in which the phenomenology of Martin Hei…
A Common Variant in the FTO Gene Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Predisposes to Childhood and Adult Obesity
Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetesâ susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 1…
An early metal assemblage from Dail na Caraidh, Inverness-shire, and its context
Between 1980 and 1984 a number of finds of EBA metalwork were recovered via metal-detecting from an area of rough ground at the head of a small disused quarry. This report considers the character of the metalwork and the context in which that material was deposited. It concludes that the entire assemblage could have resulted from more than one period of votive deposition, and that these activities focused upon a prominent, but natural, long mound…
Interpretation not record
The separation of theory and practice is not one that will easily be overcome by academic and philosophical critique, however necessary and important these are.' (Shanks & Tilley 1992: xxii). Here a team of archaeologists address this difficult theme, in the light of their experiences under the flightpath of Heathrow Airport
Stonehenge
In June ANTIQUITYpublished a novel contribution by Mike Parker Pearson and his Madagascan colleague Ramilisonina, which addressed the question of the significance of stone at Stonehenge(ANTIQUITY72: 308-76). They argued that stone symbolized death and the dead, and provided examples from ethnographic studies to support this notion. The paper has stimulated two replies-from John Barrett & Kathryn Fewster, and from Alasdair Whittle. We are pleased …
An Ethnography of the Neolithic
Different perceptions of organizing life
The transformation between the two landscapes of Cranborne Chase, the earlier characterized by ritual and ceremonial monuments the later by an agricultural landscape, encapsulates the most significant transformation in the later prehistory of Britain. Indeed, the emergence of intensive agricultural practices which employ a wider range of crops, achieve increasing levels of crop purity, enclose and manage the land according to new patterns of terr…
Multiple sclerosis The Experience of a Disease
Fragments from Antiquity
Reconstructing Archaeology
A phenomenology of landscape
Recent criticism of the accuracy of the claimed observations on monument location by workers employing a 'phenomenological' approach to landscape archaeology in Britain has exposed failures in the way their particular approach has been employed to explain the choices made in the siting of certain Neolithic monuments. This article explains why such errors of record may have occurred and re-examines the ways in which the phenomenology of Martin Hei…
Fields of Discourse
The monumentality of death
The archaeology of Early Bronze Age mortuary practices in southern Britain can be described as a sequence running from inhumation through to cremation in which the more elaborate grave assemblages are those associated with some of the earlier inhumation deposits. This sequence was accompanied by the building of burial mounds where many of the later cremation deposits were buried in the margins, or dug into the surface, of those mounds. By conside…
Interpretation not record
The separation of theory and practice is not one that will easily be overcome by academic and philosophical critique, however necessary and important these are.' (Shanks & Tilley 1992: xxii). Here a team of archaeologists address this difficult theme, in the light of their experiences under the flightpath of Heathrow Airport
The Pottery of the Later Bronze Age in Lowland England
This paper discusses the development of pottery styles in southern and eastern England during the first half of the first millennium B.C. The region discussed is Hawkes' Southern Province (1959, fig. 1), and excursions will also be made into the Eastern Province (fig. 1). The discussion of settlement sequences, and the dating of individual sites, is still largely dependent upon ceramic refuse derived from such sites. The analysis of settlement pa…
Use of a fertility simulation model to refine measurement techniques
A stochastic model involving the recurrent events (births, foetal deaths, etc.) associated with human reproduction is defined. Its simulation by means of a Monte Carlo program is described. The model is used to investigate the role of chance in producing biases in certain demographic measurements, particularly as regards the estimation of sterility, foetal death and stillbirth ratios, and birth intervals
Flag Fen, Fengate, Peterborough I
The discovery and initial excavation of an unenclosed, timber platform settlement site of Late Bronze Age date is described. The site is located in open Fen just off the Fen-edge at Fengate in an area of well-known prehistoric activity. The site includes the remains of a remarkably well-preserved three-aisled rectangular building, with at least two floor levels still intact. Finds include items of pottery, flint and wood. Current environmental re…
The Glastonbury Lake Village
The procedures for critically assessing an excavation report are not widely discussed. Using the example of D.L. Clarke's model of the Glastonbury Lake Village, it is argued here that reinterpretation of a report on internal evidence alone is not possible. However in an adequately constructed report it should be possible to evaluate the logic by which observational data are handled, and to place the report within the context of those contemporary…
The new antiquarianism
Christopher Witmore (2014: 215) recently observed that "things go on perturbing one another when humans cease to be part of the picture. A former house may be transformed through relations with bacteria, hedgehogs, water, compaction"; and if the materials that archaeologists confront are material memories (cf. Olivier 2011) from which a past is to be recalled in the future, thenThe kind of memory that things hold often tells us little of whether …
Fragments from Antiquity
Chronologies of remembrance
Using the example of Roman inscriptions found at sites in Wales, this paper identifies two kinds of chronology. One commemorated relations between people of different social status and was concerned with acts of patronage or supplication. The other recalled a more generalized ideal and involved a chronology of renewal, tracing that ideal back to a distant but fixed origin in the past. These narratives were largely independent of one another and w…
The material constitution of humanness
This contribution responds to recent calls to establish a 'symmetrical archaeology' that will assign agency both to humans and to things. My case is that living and non-living things should be distinguished, and for archaeology to be particularly concerned with the ways different qualities ofhumannesshave been constituted in the symbiotic relationships betweenHomo sapiensand other living and non-living things
Excavations at a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure, Orsett, Essex, 1975
The Causewayed Enclosure at Orsett, Essex, was trial trenched in 1975 to determine the state of site preservation and confirm its postulated Neolithic date and site sequence. The enclosure consisted of three incomplete circuits of discontinuous ditch with an associated timber palisade slot lying inside and concentric to the middle ditch. Within the interior was an oval post hole structure of a contemporary date. Quantities of Mildenhall style pot…
The risk of conception on different days of the menstrual cycle
Data on 1898 menstrual cycles, for 241 married women, were analysed by means of a quantal regression programme. The locations of the day of ovulation was determined by the basal body temperature method. Estimates were obtained of the risk of conception from an act of coitus on each day, as measured from the day of ovulation. The relationship between fecundability and coital frequency was also examined
A Late Bronze Age Riverside Settlement at Wallingford, Oxfordshire
The investigation of a Late Bronze Age occupation layer on the banks of the Thames below Wallingford, on a number of occasions since 1949, has yielded an assemblage of Late Bronze Age pottery, flints, small finds including metalwork, and animal bones. The environment of the site, and the sequence of alluviation, have been elucidated by molluscan analysis.The precise character of the settlement is unknown, but it can be compared with other British…
Archaeology after interpretation. Returning humanity to archaeological theory
Do archaeologists recover the material record of past processes or the residues of the material conditions that made the presence of a kind of humanness possible? This paper attempts to emphasize the importance of distinguishing between these two options and argues the case for, and briefly contemplates the practical implications of, an archaeology of the human presence
The Archaeology of Mind
Narratives of human evolution place considerable emphasis upon human cognitive development resulting from the evolution of brain architecture and witnessed by the production of ‘symbolic’ material culture. Recent work has modified the narrative to the extent that cognitive development is treated as the product of humanity's ability to download certain aspects of brain functionality, such as the storage of information, into external media. This ar…
Stonehenge
In June ANTIQUITYpublished a novel contribution by Mike Parker Pearson and his Madagascan colleague Ramilisonina, which addressed the question of the significance of stone at Stonehenge(ANTIQUITY72: 308-76). They argued that stone symbolized death and the dead, and provided examples from ethnographic studies to support this notion. The paper has stimulated two replies-from John Barrett & Kathryn Fewster, and from Alasdair Whittle. We are pleased …
Britain in the Roman Period
Contextual archaeology
Ian Hodder's book, Reading the past (1986), was reviewed in the last number (Gardin 1987). Here a further comment is offered on Hodder's proposal for a 'contextual archaeology
Aspects of the Iron Age in Atlantic Scotland
The Earlier Prehistoric Settlement of Cranborne Chase-the First Results of Current Fieldwork
This paper offers a provisional assessment of the development of settlement in part of Cranborne Chase between the Mesolithic and the Late Bronze Age. It builds upon the results of Pitt Rivers' work in this region between 1880 and 1900, as well as more recent excavation and field survey. Special emphasis is placed on three factors: the relationship between activity in this area and settlement both in central Wessex and on the coastal plain; the p…
Systematic and chance components in fertility measurement
A Monte Carlo simulation model of fertility is developed to incorporate a decline in fecundability with age of women as well as a variation between women, and a family planning strategy in which couples prefer certain sizes of families and seek to lengthen the last planned birth interval. In the simulation of family planning and non-family planning populations, segmental parity tables are computed. These are tables in which the numbers of women i…
Fecundability and coital frequency
The analysis previouslyreported (Population Studies, 23, 1969) of the risk of conceptionon different days of the menstrual cycleis extended so as to take someaccount of the agesof wives. The risks are estimated from data (basal body temperatures and occurrences of coitus) recorded by 241 married couples not using any contraceptives, to whom at least one child had previously been born. A mathematical formula relating natural fecundability to coita…
Humanness as performance
If archaeology is the examination of historical conditions with reference to a surviving material residue, then one way in which these conditions might be characterized is as the different ways they had enabled the development of different forms of humanness. The historical construction of this diversity is discussed here as the ways that the relationships between humans and things had been performed. This means that the practice of archaeology m…
South America—Our Manufacturers' Greatest Opportunity
The risk of conception on different days of the menstrual cycle
Data on 1898 menstrual cycles, for 241 married women, were analysed by means of a quantal regression programme. The locations of the day of ovulation was determined by the basal body temperature method. Estimates were obtained of the risk of conception from an act of coitus on each day, as measured from the day of ovulation. The relationship between fecundability and coital frequency was also examined
An Analysis of Coital Patterns
Data concerning occasions of coitus were recorded by 241 married couples who had sought advice from the Catholic Marriage Advisory Council about the basal body temperature method of regulating births. The present analysis deals with the 6 days of the post-ovulatory phase which are considered to be least affected by intended birth regulation. The distribution among couples of coital frequencies is tabulated by age of wife; the mean frequency durin…
Use of a fertility simulation model to refine measurement techniques
A stochastic model involving the recurrent events (births, foetal deaths, etc.) associated with human reproduction is defined. Its simulation by means of a Monte Carlo program is described. The model is used to investigate the role of chance in producing biases in certain demographic measurements, particularly as regards the estimation of sterility, foetal death and stillbirth ratios, and birth intervals
Fecundability and coital frequency
The analysis previouslyreported (Population Studies, 23, 1969) of the risk of conceptionon different days of the menstrual cycleis extended so as to take someaccount of the agesof wives. The risks are estimated from data (basal body temperatures and occurrences of coitus) recorded by 241 married couples not using any contraceptives, to whom at least one child had previously been born. A mathematical formula relating natural fecundability to coita…
The time response in averted births
A calculation of the timing of births that are averted may seem a curious exercise, when not only do the births in question not occur, but the corresponding conceptions may never have existed. However, such a calculation may have considerable use. In order to assess the likely direct impact of a contraceptive programme on birth rates it is useful to estimate the number of births that would, in the absence of the programme, have occurred among the…
Fecundity, Fertility and Family Planning
Fecundity, Fertility and Family Planning
Systematic and chance components in fertility measurement
A Monte Carlo simulation model of fertility is developed to incorporate a decline in fecundability with age of women as well as a variation between women, and a family planning strategy in which couples prefer certain sizes of families and seek to lengthen the last planned birth interval. In the simulation of family planning and non-family planning populations, segmental parity tables are computed. These are tables in which the numbers of women i…
Characterisation of Deverel-Rimbury Pottery from Cranbourne Chase
Pitt Rivers' excavations in Cranbourne Chase not only provided his successors with a lavish series of reports but also with a remarkable body of artefacts. These finds are now housed in the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum. The research programme which is centred upon the re-excavation of South Lodge Camp will include a new assessment of the Bronze Age material in this collection. This work discussed here is the first stage in this project (c…
Excavations at a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure, Orsett, Essex, 1975
The Causewayed Enclosure at Orsett, Essex, was trial trenched in 1975 to determine the state of site preservation and confirm its postulated Neolithic date and site sequence. The enclosure consisted of three incomplete circuits of discontinuous ditch with an associated timber palisade slot lying inside and concentric to the middle ditch. Within the interior was an oval post hole structure of a contemporary date. Quantities of Mildenhall style pot…
Effects of various factors on selection for family planning status and natural fecundability
The effect of various factors on selection for family planning status and for natural fecund ability is studied in a simulation that incorporates a beta distribution of fecundability among women. The mean fecundabilities of current spacers, current limiters, current nonusers, and pregnant women are compared. These ratios are influenced by duration of marriage and by desired number of children. Effects of different levels of contraception are meas…
La variance de la fréquence des rapports sexuels
Barrett John C. La variance de la fréquence des rapports sexuels. In: Population, 33e année, n°3, 1978. pp. 747-749
Cohort mortality and prostate cancer
By regression analysis, the mortality from prostate cancer in England and Wales in the period 1951–70 is analysed as a function of age, date of birth and date of death. The peak mortality occurred for the cohort of men born around 1886. Age and date of birth are the most important factors and date of death does not appear to be significant.
The Pottery of the Later Bronze Age in Lowland England
This paper discusses the development of pottery styles in southern and eastern England during the first half of the first millennium B.C. The region discussed is Hawkes' Southern Province (1959, fig. 1), and excursions will also be made into the Eastern Province (fig. 1). The discussion of settlement sequences, and the dating of individual sites, is still largely dependent upon ceramic refuse derived from such sites. The analysis of settlement pa…
The Earlier Prehistoric Settlement of Cranborne Chase-the First Results of Current Fieldwork
This paper offers a provisional assessment of the development of settlement in part of Cranborne Chase between the Mesolithic and the Late Bronze Age. It builds upon the results of Pitt Rivers' work in this region between 1880 and 1900, as well as more recent excavation and field survey. Special emphasis is placed on three factors: the relationship between activity in this area and settlement both in central Wessex and on the coastal plain; the p…
Délais de conception selon l'age du père et de la mère
Barrett John-C. Délais de conception selon l'âge du père et de la mère. In: Population, 36e année, n°4-5, 1981. pp. 946-949
Aspects of the Iron Age in Atlantic Scotland
South Lodge after Pitt Rivers
Between 1880 and 1893 General Pitt Rivers excavated two Bronze Age sites inside his park at Rushmore. In 1880 and 1884 he investigated a cemetery of six barrows at Barrow Pleck, and in 1893 he went on to examine the small enclosure known as South Lodge Camp, which is situated about 130m to the south. These excavations are reported in his volumes on Cranborne Chase, which are still referred to as a model of 'total publication' (Pitt Rivers, 1888, …
Measures of family size preferences
Estimates of preferred family sizes are derived from those achieved at various durations of marriage, using a Monte Carlo simulation model of reproductive histories, slightly modified in its representation of breast-feeding. The method of estimation consists in inverting the relationship between these two distributions (wanted and achieved births) which form respectively an input to and an output of the model. The increasing preference for famili…
A Late Bronze Age Riverside Settlement at Wallingford, Oxfordshire
The investigation of a Late Bronze Age occupation layer on the banks of the Thames below Wallingford, on a number of occasions since 1949, has yielded an assemblage of Late Bronze Age pottery, flints, small finds including metalwork, and animal bones. The environment of the site, and the sequence of alluviation, have been elucidated by molluscan analysis.The precise character of the settlement is unknown, but it can be compared with other British…
Flag Fen, Fengate, Peterborough I
The discovery and initial excavation of an unenclosed, timber platform settlement site of Late Bronze Age date is described. The site is located in open Fen just off the Fen-edge at Fengate in an area of well-known prehistoric activity. The site includes the remains of a remarkably well-preserved three-aisled rectangular building, with at least two floor levels still intact. Finds include items of pottery, flint and wood. Current environmental re…
The Glastonbury Lake Village
The procedures for critically assessing an excavation report are not widely discussed. Using the example of D.L. Clarke's model of the Glastonbury Lake Village, it is argued here that reinterpretation of a report on internal evidence alone is not possible. However in an adequately constructed report it should be possible to evaluate the logic by which observational data are handled, and to place the report within the context of those contemporary…
Contextual archaeology
Ian Hodder's book, Reading the past (1986), was reviewed in the last number (Gardin 1987). Here a further comment is offered on Hodder's proposal for a 'contextual archaeology
W.K. Hancock
Archaeology (32 obras) · History (28 obras) · Geography (25 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (24 obras) · Sociology (22 obras) · History (18 obras) · Philosophy (14 obras) · Demography (11 obras) · Art (10 obras) · Epistemology (10 obras)