Viktor Černý
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 95875 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Viktor Černý |
| PRENOMES | Viktor |
| SOBRENOME | Černý |
| ASSINATURA | ČERNÝ V |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Prague |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1197-6634 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 26 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 93 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 26 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1999 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2024 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Sexually dimorphic traits are associated with subsistence strategy in African faces from the Sahel/Savannah belt
OBJECTIVES: Previous research revealed that in some African populations, food-production strategies are associated with facial shape. Nomadic pastoralists living in the African Sahel/Savannah belt have a different facial morphology than their sedentary neighbors. We investigated whether the lifestyle associated with a subsistence pattern has an impact on sexual dimorphism in the facial structure. METHODS: We employed several methods from geometri…
Subsistence strategy was the main factor driving population differentiation in the bidirectional corridor of the African Sahel
OBJECTIVES: The Sahel belt is occupied by populations who use two types of subsistence strategy, nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming, and who belong to three linguistic families, Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic. Little is known, however, about the origins of these two populations and their mutual genetic relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have built a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA sequences and Y chromosomal STR haplo…
Sahelian pastoralism from the perspective of variants associated with lactase persistence
OBJECTIVES: Archeological evidence shows that first nomadic pastoralists came to the African Sahel from northeastern Sahara, where milking is reported by ~7.5 ka. A second wave of pastoralists arrived with the expansion of Arabic tribes in 7th-14th century CE. All Sahelian pastoralists depend on milk production but genetic diversity underlying their lactase persistence (LP) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated SNP variants…
Year-Old Geometric Microliths Reveal Glacial Refugium in Dhofar, Southern Oman
Nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers of the Sahel/Savannah Belt of Africa in the light of geometric morphometrics based on facial portraits
OBJECTIVES: The Sahel/Savannah belt is a region where two sympatric human subsistence strategies-nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming-have been coexisting for millennia. While earlier studies focused on estimating population differentiation and genetic structure of this ecologically remarkable region's inhabitants, less effort has been expended on understanding the morphological variation among local populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To fi…
Genetic Structure of the Western and Eastern African Sahel/Savannah Belt and the Role of Nomadic Pastoralists as Inferred from the Variation of D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
The objective of this study was to provide deeper knowledge of the maternal genetic structure and demographic history of the human populations of the Sahel/Savannah belt, the extensive region lying between the Sahara and tropical rainforests, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea coast. The study aimed to confijirm or disconfijirm archaeological and linguistic data indicating that the region’s populations underwent diversifijication as …
Synopse populační genetiky evropského pravěku
Dějiny lidských populací (změny v počtu obyvatel a jejich původu) jsou jednou z domén biologické antropologie, resp. archeogenetiky. Za poslední desetiletí došlo k významnému rozvoji molekulárně-genetických a biostatistických postupů, jejichž prostřednictvím bylo možné rekonstruovat demografické změny minulých populací v nejrůznějších částech světa. V době, kdy se genetické postupy při rekonstrukci pravěku utvářely, jsme vycházeli z limitovaného …
The historical spread of A rabian P astoralists to the eastern A frican S ahel evidenced by the lactase persistence −13,915*G allele and mitochondrial DNA
OBJECTIVES: Thanks to the ability to digest lactose, Arabian nomads had become less dependent upon their sedentary neighbors and some of these populations spread to Africa. When and by which route they migrated to their current locations have previously been addressed only by historical and archaeological data. METHODS: To address the question of Arab expansion into Africa, we collected samples from several Arabic populations, especially the Bagg…
Genetic Structure of the Western and Eastern African Sahel/Savannah Belt and the Role of Nomadic Pastoralists as Inferred from the Variation of D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
The objective of this study was to provide deeper knowledge of the maternal genetic structure and demographic history of the human populations of the Sahel/Savannah belt, the extensive region lying between the Sahara and tropical rainforests, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea coast. The study aimed to confirm or disconfirm archaeological and linguistic data indicating that the region's populations underwent diversification as a resu…
Internal diversification of non‐Sub‐Saharan haplogroups in Sahelian populations and the spread of pastoralism beyond the Sahara
BACKGROUND: Today, African pastoralists are found mainly in the Sahel/Savannah belt spanning 6,000 km from west to east, flanked by the Sahara to the north and tropical rainforests to the south. The most significant group among them are the Fulani who not only keep cattle breeds of possible West Eurasian ancestry, but form themselves a gene pool containing some paternally and maternally-transmitted West Eurasian haplogroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Comprehensive view of the population history of A rabia as inferred by mt DNA variation
OBJECTIVES: Genetic and archaeological research supports the theory that Arabia was the first region traversed by modern humans as they left Africa and dispersed throughout Eurasia. However, the role of Arabia from the initial migration out of Africa until more recent times is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have generated 379 new hypervariable segment 1 (HVS-1) sequences from a range of geographic locations throughout Yemen. We compare …
Archaeogenetics of Africa and of the African Hunter-Gatherers
The place of Slovakian paternal diversity in the clinal European landscape
The highly significant correlation between the results based on fast evolving STRs on one hand and slow evolving SNPs on the other hand suggests a recent timeframe for the settlement of the area
Lactase Persistence Variants in Arabia and in the African Arabs
Lactase persistence (LP), the state enabling the digestion of milk sugar in adulthood, occurs only in some human populations. The convergent and independent origin of this physiological ability in Europe and Africa is linked with animal domestication that either had started in both places independently or had spread from the Near East by acculturation. However, it has recently been shown that at least in its southern parts, the population of Arab…
Tabula rasa or refugia? Using genetic data to assess the peopling of Arabia
This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of archaeogenetic research in Arabia. We summarise recent studies of mitochondrial DNA and lactase persistence allele ‐13915*G in order to reconstruct the population histories of modern Arabs. These data, in turn, enable us to assess different scenarios for the peopling of the Peninsula over the course of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The evidence supports the posited existence …
Multiple and differentiated contributions to the male gene pool of pastoral and farmer populations of the African Sahel
The African Sahel is conducive to studies of divergence/admixture genetic events as a result of its population history being so closely related with past climatic changes. Today, it is a place of the co‐existence of two differing food‐producing subsistence systems, i.e., that of sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoralists, whose populations have likely been formed from several dispersed indigenous hunter‐gatherer groups. Using new methodology, we …
Pleistocene‐Holocene boundary in Southern Arabia from the perspective of human mtDNA variation
It is now known that several population movements have taken place at different times throughout southern Arabian prehistory. One of the principal questions under debate is if the Early Holocene peopling of southern Arabia was mainly due to input from the Levant during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B, to the expansion of an autochthonous population, or some combination of these demographic processes. Since previous genetic studies have not been able …
Population history of the Red Sea—genetic exchanges between the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa signaled in the mitochondrial DNA HV1 haplogroup
Archaeological studies have revealed cultural connections between the two sides of the Red Sea dating to prehistory. The issue has still not been properly addressed, however, by archaeogenetics. We focus our attention here on the mitochondrial haplogroup HV1 that is present in both the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The internal variation of 38 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (20 of them presented here for the first time) affiliated into…
Out of Arabia—The settlement of Island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity
The Soqotra archipelago is one of the most isolated landmasses in the world, situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden between the Horn of Africa and southern Arabia. The main island of Soqotra lies not far from the proposed southern migration route of anatomically modern humans out of Africa ∼60,000 years ago (kya), suggesting the island may harbor traces of that first dispersal. Nothing is known about the timing and origin of the first Soqotri …
Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert
The Egyptian Western Desert lies on an important geographic intersection between Africa and Asia. Genetic diversity of this region has been shaped, in part, by climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs marked by oscillating humid and arid periods. We present here a whole genome analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and high‐resolution molecular analysis of nonrecombining Y‐chromosomal (NRY) gene pools of a demographically small…
Mitochondrial DNA and craniofacial covariability of Chad Basin females indicate past population events
The Chad Basin lies in the middle of the Sudanic African belt between the Sahara and the tropical rain forests. Its present-day settlement is a result of Holocene climatic changes and human immigrations from different parts of Africa. This study presents a statistical analysis of the relationships of physical features (stature and five main craniofacial measurements) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroup classifications in a sample of 282 adult in…
Regional differences in the distribution of the sub‐Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen
Despite its key location for population movements out of and back into Africa, Yemen has not yet been sampled on a regional level for an investigation of sub‐Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian genetic contributions. In this study, we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data for regionally distinct Yemeni populations that reveal different distributions of mtDNA lineages. An extensive database of mtDNA sequences from North and East African, Midd…
Two cases of leprosy from Žatec (Bohemia), dated to the turn of the 12th century and confirmed by DNA analysis for Mycobacterium leprae
MtDNA of Fulani Nomads and Their Genetic Relationships to Neighboring Sedentary Populations
Despite the large size of the contemporary nomadic Fulani population (roughly 13 million people), the genetic diversity and degree of differentiation of Fulanis compared to other sub-Saharan populations remain unknown. We sampled four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso) and analyzed sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the haplotyp…
MtDNA sequences of Chadic-speaking populations from northern Cameroon suggest their affinities with eastern Africa
The observation that the Chadic group reveals some affinities to East Africans is extremely surprising giving the present-day geographical distance (around 2000 km) between them. These observations complement recent linguistic and archaeological findings, which consider the Chadic branch in the Afro-Asiatic phylum to be of eastern origin. A continuous, well-defined, geographic sampling strategy of the different genetic polymorphisms of the native…
MtDNA of Fulani Nomads and Their Genetic Relationships to Neighboring Sedentary Populations
Despite the large size of the contemporary nomadic Fulani population (roughly 13 million people), the genetic diversity and degree of differentiation of Fulanis compared to other sub-Saharan populations remain unknown. We sampled four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso) and analyzed sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the haplotyp…
Regional differences in the distribution of the sub‐Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen
Despite its key location for population movements out of and back into Africa, Yemen has not yet been sampled on a regional level for an investigation of sub‐Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian genetic contributions. In this study, we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data for regionally distinct Yemeni populations that reveal different distributions of mtDNA lineages. An extensive database of mtDNA sequences from North and East African, Midd…
Genetic Structure of the Western and Eastern African Sahel/Savannah Belt and the Role of Nomadic Pastoralists as Inferred from the Variation of D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
The objective of this study was to provide deeper knowledge of the maternal genetic structure and demographic history of the human populations of the Sahel/Savannah belt, the extensive region lying between the Sahara and tropical rainforests, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea coast. The study aimed to confirm or disconfirm archaeological and linguistic data indicating that the region's populations underwent diversification as a resu…
Out of Arabia—The settlement of Island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity
The Soqotra archipelago is one of the most isolated landmasses in the world, situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden between the Horn of Africa and southern Arabia. The main island of Soqotra lies not far from the proposed southern migration route of anatomically modern humans out of Africa ∼60,000 years ago (kya), suggesting the island may harbor traces of that first dispersal. Nothing is known about the timing and origin of the first Soqotri …
Lactase Persistence Variants in Arabia and in the African Arabs
Lactase persistence (LP), the state enabling the digestion of milk sugar in adulthood, occurs only in some human populations. The convergent and independent origin of this physiological ability in Europe and Africa is linked with animal domestication that either had started in both places independently or had spread from the Near East by acculturation. However, it has recently been shown that at least in its southern parts, the population of Arab…
Pleistocene‐Holocene boundary in Southern Arabia from the perspective of human mtDNA variation
It is now known that several population movements have taken place at different times throughout southern Arabian prehistory. One of the principal questions under debate is if the Early Holocene peopling of southern Arabia was mainly due to input from the Levant during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B, to the expansion of an autochthonous population, or some combination of these demographic processes. Since previous genetic studies have not been able …
Comprehensive view of the population history of A rabia as inferred by mt DNA variation
OBJECTIVES: Genetic and archaeological research supports the theory that Arabia was the first region traversed by modern humans as they left Africa and dispersed throughout Eurasia. However, the role of Arabia from the initial migration out of Africa until more recent times is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have generated 379 new hypervariable segment 1 (HVS-1) sequences from a range of geographic locations throughout Yemen. We compare …
Multiple and differentiated contributions to the male gene pool of pastoral and farmer populations of the African Sahel
The African Sahel is conducive to studies of divergence/admixture genetic events as a result of its population history being so closely related with past climatic changes. Today, it is a place of the co‐existence of two differing food‐producing subsistence systems, i.e., that of sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoralists, whose populations have likely been formed from several dispersed indigenous hunter‐gatherer groups. Using new methodology, we …
Internal diversification of non‐Sub‐Saharan haplogroups in Sahelian populations and the spread of pastoralism beyond the Sahara
BACKGROUND: Today, African pastoralists are found mainly in the Sahel/Savannah belt spanning 6,000 km from west to east, flanked by the Sahara to the north and tropical rainforests to the south. The most significant group among them are the Fulani who not only keep cattle breeds of possible West Eurasian ancestry, but form themselves a gene pool containing some paternally and maternally-transmitted West Eurasian haplogroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Population history of the Red Sea—genetic exchanges between the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa signaled in the mitochondrial DNA HV1 haplogroup
Archaeological studies have revealed cultural connections between the two sides of the Red Sea dating to prehistory. The issue has still not been properly addressed, however, by archaeogenetics. We focus our attention here on the mitochondrial haplogroup HV1 that is present in both the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The internal variation of 38 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (20 of them presented here for the first time) affiliated into…
Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert
The Egyptian Western Desert lies on an important geographic intersection between Africa and Asia. Genetic diversity of this region has been shaped, in part, by climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs marked by oscillating humid and arid periods. We present here a whole genome analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and high‐resolution molecular analysis of nonrecombining Y‐chromosomal (NRY) gene pools of a demographically small…
Nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers of the Sahel/Savannah Belt of Africa in the light of geometric morphometrics based on facial portraits
OBJECTIVES: The Sahel/Savannah belt is a region where two sympatric human subsistence strategies-nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming-have been coexisting for millennia. While earlier studies focused on estimating population differentiation and genetic structure of this ecologically remarkable region's inhabitants, less effort has been expended on understanding the morphological variation among local populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To fi…
Subsistence strategy was the main factor driving population differentiation in the bidirectional corridor of the African Sahel
OBJECTIVES: The Sahel belt is occupied by populations who use two types of subsistence strategy, nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming, and who belong to three linguistic families, Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic. Little is known, however, about the origins of these two populations and their mutual genetic relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have built a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA sequences and Y chromosomal STR haplo…
Sahelian pastoralism from the perspective of variants associated with lactase persistence
OBJECTIVES: Archeological evidence shows that first nomadic pastoralists came to the African Sahel from northeastern Sahara, where milking is reported by ~7.5 ka. A second wave of pastoralists arrived with the expansion of Arabic tribes in 7th-14th century CE. All Sahelian pastoralists depend on milk production but genetic diversity underlying their lactase persistence (LP) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated SNP variants…
Tabula rasa or refugia? Using genetic data to assess the peopling of Arabia
This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of archaeogenetic research in Arabia. We summarise recent studies of mitochondrial DNA and lactase persistence allele ‐13915*G in order to reconstruct the population histories of modern Arabs. These data, in turn, enable us to assess different scenarios for the peopling of the Peninsula over the course of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The evidence supports the posited existence …
Détermination du sexe par la méthode itérative et le dimorphisme sexuel du squelette post-cranien d'une population du Chalcolithique récent et du Bronze ancien de la Bohème
Cerny Viktor, Houët Francis, Turek Jan. Détermination du sexe par la méthode itérative et le dimorphisme sexuel du squelette post-cranien d'une population du Chalcolithique récent et du Bronze ancien de la Bohème. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 11 fascicule 3-4, 1999. pp. 383-404
Détermination du sexe par la méthode itérative et le dimorphisme sexuel du squelette post-cranien d'une population du Chalcolithique récent et du Bronze ancien de la Bohème
Cerny Viktor, Houët Francis, Turek Jan. Détermination du sexe par la méthode itérative et le dimorphisme sexuel du squelette post-cranien d'une population du Chalcolithique récent et du Bronze ancien de la Bohème. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 11 fascicule 3-4, 1999. pp. 383-404
MtDNA sequences of Chadic-speaking populations from northern Cameroon suggest their affinities with eastern Africa
The observation that the Chadic group reveals some affinities to East Africans is extremely surprising giving the present-day geographical distance (around 2000 km) between them. These observations complement recent linguistic and archaeological findings, which consider the Chadic branch in the Afro-Asiatic phylum to be of eastern origin. A continuous, well-defined, geographic sampling strategy of the different genetic polymorphisms of the native…
Two cases of leprosy from Žatec (Bohemia), dated to the turn of the 12th century and confirmed by DNA analysis for Mycobacterium leprae
MtDNA of Fulani Nomads and Their Genetic Relationships to Neighboring Sedentary Populations
Despite the large size of the contemporary nomadic Fulani population (roughly 13 million people), the genetic diversity and degree of differentiation of Fulanis compared to other sub-Saharan populations remain unknown. We sampled four Fulani nomad populations (n = 186) in three countries of sub-Saharan Africa (Chad, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso) and analyzed sequences of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the haplotyp…
Mitochondrial DNA and craniofacial covariability of Chad Basin females indicate past population events
The Chad Basin lies in the middle of the Sudanic African belt between the Sahara and the tropical rain forests. Its present-day settlement is a result of Holocene climatic changes and human immigrations from different parts of Africa. This study presents a statistical analysis of the relationships of physical features (stature and five main craniofacial measurements) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroup classifications in a sample of 282 adult in…
Regional differences in the distribution of the sub‐Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen
Despite its key location for population movements out of and back into Africa, Yemen has not yet been sampled on a regional level for an investigation of sub‐Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian genetic contributions. In this study, we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data for regionally distinct Yemeni populations that reveal different distributions of mtDNA lineages. An extensive database of mtDNA sequences from North and East African, Midd…
Out of Arabia—The settlement of Island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity
The Soqotra archipelago is one of the most isolated landmasses in the world, situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden between the Horn of Africa and southern Arabia. The main island of Soqotra lies not far from the proposed southern migration route of anatomically modern humans out of Africa ∼60,000 years ago (kya), suggesting the island may harbor traces of that first dispersal. Nothing is known about the timing and origin of the first Soqotri …
Near Eastern Neolithic genetic input in a small oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert
The Egyptian Western Desert lies on an important geographic intersection between Africa and Asia. Genetic diversity of this region has been shaped, in part, by climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs marked by oscillating humid and arid periods. We present here a whole genome analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and high‐resolution molecular analysis of nonrecombining Y‐chromosomal (NRY) gene pools of a demographically small…
Population history of the Red Sea—genetic exchanges between the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa signaled in the mitochondrial DNA HV1 haplogroup
Archaeological studies have revealed cultural connections between the two sides of the Red Sea dating to prehistory. The issue has still not been properly addressed, however, by archaeogenetics. We focus our attention here on the mitochondrial haplogroup HV1 that is present in both the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. The internal variation of 38 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences (20 of them presented here for the first time) affiliated into…
Pleistocene‐Holocene boundary in Southern Arabia from the perspective of human mtDNA variation
It is now known that several population movements have taken place at different times throughout southern Arabian prehistory. One of the principal questions under debate is if the Early Holocene peopling of southern Arabia was mainly due to input from the Levant during the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B, to the expansion of an autochthonous population, or some combination of these demographic processes. Since previous genetic studies have not been able …
Tabula rasa or refugia? Using genetic data to assess the peopling of Arabia
This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of archaeogenetic research in Arabia. We summarise recent studies of mitochondrial DNA and lactase persistence allele ‐13915*G in order to reconstruct the population histories of modern Arabs. These data, in turn, enable us to assess different scenarios for the peopling of the Peninsula over the course of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The evidence supports the posited existence …
Multiple and differentiated contributions to the male gene pool of pastoral and farmer populations of the African Sahel
The African Sahel is conducive to studies of divergence/admixture genetic events as a result of its population history being so closely related with past climatic changes. Today, it is a place of the co‐existence of two differing food‐producing subsistence systems, i.e., that of sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoralists, whose populations have likely been formed from several dispersed indigenous hunter‐gatherer groups. Using new methodology, we …
Archaeogenetics of Africa and of the African Hunter-Gatherers
The place of Slovakian paternal diversity in the clinal European landscape
The highly significant correlation between the results based on fast evolving STRs on one hand and slow evolving SNPs on the other hand suggests a recent timeframe for the settlement of the area
Lactase Persistence Variants in Arabia and in the African Arabs
Lactase persistence (LP), the state enabling the digestion of milk sugar in adulthood, occurs only in some human populations. The convergent and independent origin of this physiological ability in Europe and Africa is linked with animal domestication that either had started in both places independently or had spread from the Near East by acculturation. However, it has recently been shown that at least in its southern parts, the population of Arab…
Comprehensive view of the population history of A rabia as inferred by mt DNA variation
OBJECTIVES: Genetic and archaeological research supports the theory that Arabia was the first region traversed by modern humans as they left Africa and dispersed throughout Eurasia. However, the role of Arabia from the initial migration out of Africa until more recent times is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have generated 379 new hypervariable segment 1 (HVS-1) sequences from a range of geographic locations throughout Yemen. We compare …
Synopse populační genetiky evropského pravěku
Dějiny lidských populací (změny v počtu obyvatel a jejich původu) jsou jednou z domén biologické antropologie, resp. archeogenetiky. Za poslední desetiletí došlo k významnému rozvoji molekulárně-genetických a biostatistických postupů, jejichž prostřednictvím bylo možné rekonstruovat demografické změny minulých populací v nejrůznějších částech světa. V době, kdy se genetické postupy při rekonstrukci pravěku utvářely, jsme vycházeli z limitovaného …
The historical spread of A rabian P astoralists to the eastern A frican S ahel evidenced by the lactase persistence −13,915*G allele and mitochondrial DNA
OBJECTIVES: Thanks to the ability to digest lactose, Arabian nomads had become less dependent upon their sedentary neighbors and some of these populations spread to Africa. When and by which route they migrated to their current locations have previously been addressed only by historical and archaeological data. METHODS: To address the question of Arab expansion into Africa, we collected samples from several Arabic populations, especially the Bagg…
Genetic Structure of the Western and Eastern African Sahel/Savannah Belt and the Role of Nomadic Pastoralists as Inferred from the Variation of D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
The objective of this study was to provide deeper knowledge of the maternal genetic structure and demographic history of the human populations of the Sahel/Savannah belt, the extensive region lying between the Sahara and tropical rainforests, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea coast. The study aimed to confirm or disconfirm archaeological and linguistic data indicating that the region's populations underwent diversification as a resu…
Internal diversification of non‐Sub‐Saharan haplogroups in Sahelian populations and the spread of pastoralism beyond the Sahara
BACKGROUND: Today, African pastoralists are found mainly in the Sahel/Savannah belt spanning 6,000 km from west to east, flanked by the Sahara to the north and tropical rainforests to the south. The most significant group among them are the Fulani who not only keep cattle breeds of possible West Eurasian ancestry, but form themselves a gene pool containing some paternally and maternally-transmitted West Eurasian haplogroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Genetic Structure of the Western and Eastern African Sahel/Savannah Belt and the Role of Nomadic Pastoralists as Inferred from the Variation of D-Loop Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
The objective of this study was to provide deeper knowledge of the maternal genetic structure and demographic history of the human populations of the Sahel/Savannah belt, the extensive region lying between the Sahara and tropical rainforests, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea coast. The study aimed to confijirm or disconfijirm archaeological and linguistic data indicating that the region’s populations underwent diversifijication as …
Year-Old Geometric Microliths Reveal Glacial Refugium in Dhofar, Southern Oman
Nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers of the Sahel/Savannah Belt of Africa in the light of geometric morphometrics based on facial portraits
OBJECTIVES: The Sahel/Savannah belt is a region where two sympatric human subsistence strategies-nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming-have been coexisting for millennia. While earlier studies focused on estimating population differentiation and genetic structure of this ecologically remarkable region's inhabitants, less effort has been expended on understanding the morphological variation among local populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To fi…
Subsistence strategy was the main factor driving population differentiation in the bidirectional corridor of the African Sahel
OBJECTIVES: The Sahel belt is occupied by populations who use two types of subsistence strategy, nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming, and who belong to three linguistic families, Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic. Little is known, however, about the origins of these two populations and their mutual genetic relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have built a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA sequences and Y chromosomal STR haplo…
Sahelian pastoralism from the perspective of variants associated with lactase persistence
OBJECTIVES: Archeological evidence shows that first nomadic pastoralists came to the African Sahel from northeastern Sahara, where milking is reported by ~7.5 ka. A second wave of pastoralists arrived with the expansion of Arabic tribes in 7th-14th century CE. All Sahelian pastoralists depend on milk production but genetic diversity underlying their lactase persistence (LP) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated SNP variants…
Biology (23 obras) · Geography (23 obras) · Forensic and Genetic Research (21 obras) · Demography (20 obras) · Population (17 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (16 obras) · Genetics (13 obras) · Haplotype (13 obras) · Archaeology (11 obras) · Evolutionary biology (10 obras)