Anselm's Ontological Arguments

Dados Bibliográficos

ID10693757
AutoresNorman Malcolm (autor correspondente)
Ano1960
Volume69
Fascículo1
Páginas41
Data de publicação1960-01-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessNão
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoThe Philosophical Review (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0031-8108 • E-ISSN: 1558-1470
EditoraJSTOR (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.2307/2182266
OpenAlexW1995255118
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas47

I BELIEVE that in Anselm's Proslogion and Responsio editoris there are two different pieces of reasoning which he did not distinguish from one another, and that a good deal of light may be shed on philosophical problem of the ontological argument if we do distinguish them. In Chapter 2 of Proslogiont Anselm says that we believe that God is a greater than which cannot be conceived. (The Latin is aliquid quo nihil maius cogitari possit. Anselm sometimes uses alternative expressions aliquid quo maius nihil cogitari potest, id quo maius cogitari nequit, aliquid quo maius cogitari non valet.) Even fool of Psalm who says in his heart there is no God, when he hears this very thing that Anselm says, namely, something a greater than which cannot be conceived, understands what he hears, and what he understands is in his understanding though he does not understand that it exists. Apparently Anselm regards it as tautological to say that whatever is understood is in understanding (quidquid intelligitur in intellect est): he uses intelligitur and in intellect est as interchangeable locutions. The same holds for another formula of his: whatever is thought is in thought (quidquid cogitatur in cogitatione est) .2 Of course many things may exist in understanding that do not exist in reality; for example, elves. Now, says Anselm, a greater than which cannot be conceived exists in understanding. But it cannot exist only in understanding, for to exist in reality is greater. Therefore that thing a greater than which cannot be conceived cannot exist only in understanding, for then a greater thing could be conceived: namely, one that exists both in understanding and in reality.3

Contemporary philosophy · Epistemology · General interest · Classical Philosophy and Thought · Medieval and Classical Philosophy · Philosophy · Theology and Philosophy of Evil