Peer Victimisation in Early Childhood; Observations of Participant Roles and Sex Differences

Dados Bibliográficos

ID15480945
AutoresClaire P Monks (0000-0003-2638-181X, University of Greenwich, autor correspondente), P K Smith (0000-0002-5010-5359, Goldsmiths University of London), Kat Kucaba (0000-0001-6023-1714, University of Greenwich)
Ano2021
Volume18
Fascículo2
Páginas415-415
Data de publicação2021-01-07
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
EditoraMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph18020415
PMID33430281
OpenAlexW3120675497
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas7
Referências citadas55

During middle childhood and adolescence, victimisation appears to be a group process involving different participant roles. However, peer reports with younger children (four to six years old) have failed to identify the participant roles of assistant (to the bully) reinforcers or defenders with much reliability. This may be because peer victimisation is a more dyadic process among younger children (behavioural reality), or because of limitations in young children's cognitive capacity to identify these behaviours (cognitive limitations). The findings of an observational study which examined the group nature of peer victimisation among young children are presented. Observations were made of 56 children aged four and five years using time sampling during free play at school (totalling 43.5 h of observation). Records were made of their behaviour when an onlooker witnessed aggression by others, and also of others' behaviour when they were being aggressive or being victimised. Although children other than the aggressor and target were present in nearly two thirds of the episodes of peer victimisation observed, few exhibited behavioural responses in line with the assistant, reinforcer or defender roles. This supports the behavioural reality rather than the cognitive limitations explanation. Sex differences were observed in types of aggression displayed by children, with boys more likely than girls to be physically aggressive. Children were less likely to be aggressive to other-sex peers and were most likely to be victimised by children of the same sex as them. There were also sex differences in children's onlooker behaviour. The implications for our understanding of the development of peer victimisation and bullying in children are discussed

Aggression · Cognition · Developmental psychology · Injury prevention · Observational study · Peer group · Peer victimization · Poison control · Psychiatry · Victimisation · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression · Child Development and Digital Technology · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection · Human Factors and Ergonomics · Medicine · Psychology