Managing expectations

The degree to which social support (SS) moderates the effects of stress on self-perceptions of aging may depend on individual differences in general aging attitudes. We examined how stress, different types of SS, and general expectations regarding aging (ERA) affect awareness of age-related changes (AARCs). The sample included 137 adults (21-76 years; 56.2% women) who took an online survey on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Regression analyses showed differential moderation of stress effects due to ERA and the SS measure (perceived and received) and function (emotional and instrumental). Received emotional SS was only associated with AARC losses, whereas perceived support-both emotional and instrumental-was associated with AARC gains and losses. Findings may help guide future work aimed at promoting health and well-being in adulthood

Affect (linguistics · Developmental psychology · Moderation · Perception · Social support · Stress (linguistics · Young adult · Aging and Gerontology Research · Clinical Psychology · Health disparities and outcomes · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology

• Starenje i kvaliteta života umirovljenika

  Open Access•Lovorka Brajkovic, Dora Korać et al.•Kroatologija•2023

  Incluir item

• Associations Between Sexual Orientation and Self-Perceptions of Aging

  Open Access•Serena Sabatini, Anyah Prasad•Research on Aging•2026

  Incluir item

• Physical and mental health conditions account for variability in awareness of age-related changes

  Open Access•Serena Sabatini, Shelbie G Turner et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  Incluir item

• Self-Perceptions of Aging Moderate Associations of Within- and Between-Persons Perceived Stress and Physical Health Symptoms

  Dakota D Witzel, Shelbie G Turner et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2021

  Incluir item

• Bidirectional Associations of Awareness of Age-Related Change and Attitudes Toward Own Aging With Social Media Use

  Open Access•Serena Sabatini, Bethany Wilton-Harding et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2023

  Incluir item

• The Stress of Expectation

  Open Access•B Savage, M N Barringer•Sociological Forum•2023

  Incluir item

• Growing Old in the Bible Belt

  M N Barringer, B Savage•Journal of Homosexuality•2023

  Incluir item

• Managing expectations

  Open Access•Erica L O’brien, Neika Sharifian•Journal of Social and Personal…•2020

  Incluir item

• The (minority) stress of hiding

  B Savage, M N Barringer•Sociological Spectrum•2021

  Incluir item

• Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy

  Debra J Mashek, Arthur Aron•Handbook of closeness and intimacy•2004

  Incluir item

• Social Support, Stress, and Well-Being Among Older Adults

  Niklas Krause•Journal of Gerontology•1986

  Incluir item

• The Daily Inventory of Stressful Events

  Open Access•David M Almeida, Elaine Wethington et al.•Assessment•2002

  Incluir item

• Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support

  Sheldon Cohen, Robin Mermelstein et al.•Social Support•1985

  Incluir item

• The stereotype-matching effect

  Benjamin R Levy, Becca R Levy et al.•Psychology and Aging•2009

  Incluir item

• Computational Tools for Probing Interactions in Multiple Linear Regression, Multilevel Modeling, and Latent Curve Analysis

  Open Access•Kristopher J Preacher, Patrick J Curran et al.•Journal of Educational and…•2006

  Incluir item

• Amazon's Mechanical Turk

  Open Access•Michael D Buhrmester, Michael Buhrmester et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2011

  Incluir item

• Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1

  Open Access•Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder et al.•Behavior Research Methods•2009

  Incluir item

• The viability of crowdsourcing for survey research

  Open Access•Tara S Behrend, David Sharek et al.•Behavior Research Methods•2011

  Incluir item

• Examination of Associations Among Three Distinct Subjective Aging Constructs and Their Relevance for Predicting Developmental Correlates

  Allyson Brothers, Martina Miche et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2015

  Incluir item

• Awareness of Age-Related Change

  Michael Diehl, M K Diehl et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2009

  Incluir item

• Mind Matters

  Benjamin R Levy, Becca R Levy•The Journals of Gerontology…•2003

  Incluir item

• Resiliency Over Time of Elders’ Age Stereotypes After Encountering Stressful Events

  Benjamin R Levy, Martin D Slade et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2014

  Incluir item

• Negative Aging Attitudes Predict Greater Reactivity to Daily Stressors in Older Adults

  Jennifer A Bellingtier, Shevaun D Neupert•The Journals of Gerontology…•2016

  Incluir item

• Discrimination, Serious Psychological Distress, and Church-Based Emotional Support Among African American Men Across the Life Span

  Ann W Nguyen, Linda Chatters et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2017

  Incluir item

• Reducing Cardiovascular Stress With Positive Self-Stereotypes of Aging

  Becca Levy, B R Levy et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2000

  Incluir item

• Positive Portrayals of Old Age Do Not Always Have Positive Consequences

  Helene H Fung, Tianyuan Li et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2014

  Incluir item

• Natural Occurrence of Subjective Aging Experiences in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

  Open Access•Martina Miche, Hans-Werner Wahl et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2013

  Incluir item

• Stress, Social Support, and Depression

  Open Access•M Raffaelli, Flavia Cristina Drumond Andrade et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2012

  Incluir item

• Awareness of aging

  Michael Diehl, Hans-Werner Wahl et al.•Developmental Review•2014

  Incluir item

• The Life-Course Dynamics of Goal Pursuit and Goal Adjustment

  Open Access•Jochen Brandtstadter, Klaus Rothermund•Developmental Review•2002

  Incluir item

• On Merging Identity Theory and Stress Research

  P A Thoits•Social Psychology Quarterly•1991

  Incluir item

• Perceptions of social support, receipt of supportive behaviors, and locus of control as moderators of the effects of chronic stress

  Open Access•Robert Cummins, Robert C Cummins•American Journal of Community…•1988

  Incluir item

• Loneliness, Stress, and Social Support in Young Adulthood

  Open Access•Chih-Yuan Steven Lee, Sara E Goldstein•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2016

  Incluir item

• Social Relationships and Health

  Sheldon Cohen•American Psychologist•2004

  Incluir item

• A safe haven

  Nancy L Collins, Brooke C Feeney•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  Incluir item

• Effects of induced mood on self-reported life events and perceived and received social support

  Lawrence H Cohen, Lynn C Towbes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  Incluir item

• With a little help from my friend

  Arie Nadler, Jeffrey D Fisher et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1983

  Incluir item

• Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress

  Niall Bolger, David Amarel•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  Incluir item

• Invisible support and adjustment to stress

  Niall Bolger, Adam Zuckerman et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  Incluir item

• Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging

  Benjamin R Levy, Becca R Levy et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2002

  Incluir item

• Stereotype Embodiment

  Open Access•Benjamin R Levy, Becca Levy•Current Directions in Psychological…•2009

  Incluir item

• Breast cancer

  Open Access•Holly Peters-Golden, Holly Peters‐golden•Social Science & Medicine•1982

  Incluir item

• Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis

  Sheldon Cohen, Thomas Ashby Wills•Psychological Bulletin•1985

  Incluir item

• Recipient reactions to aid

  Jeffrey D Fisher, Arie Nadler et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1982

  Incluir item

• Managing expectations

  Open Access•Erica L O’brien, Neika Sharifian•Journal of Social and Personal…•2020

  Incluir item

• Good to have but not to use

  Open Access•Joann P Reinhardt, Kathrin Boerner et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2006

  Incluir item

• The Stress Process

  Leonard I Pearlin, Elizabeth G Menaghan et al.•Journal of Health and Social…•1981

  Incluir item

• Perceived Support, Received Support, and Adjustment to Stressful Life Events

  Elaine Wethington, R C Kessler•Journal of Health and Social…•1986

  Incluir item