The Appeal Cycle in Three Cultures

An Exploratory Comparison of Child Development

Dados Bibliográficos

ID8331990
AutoresJoseph T Okimoto (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 2700 East Madison Street Seattle, WA 98112, autor correspondente)
Ano2001
Volume49
Fascículo1
Páginas187-215
Data de publicação2001-02-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoJournal of the American Psychoanalytic Association (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0003-0651 • E-ISSN: 1941-2460
EditoraSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/00030651010490011601
PMID11379721
OpenAlexW2020048084
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas1
Referências citadas20

Mother-child behaviors were studied in three cultural groups: Caucasian American (CA), overseas Japanese (JPN), and Chinese Vietnamese (CVN) immigrants. The children were sixteen to twenty-five months old, and the appeal cycle, with its descriptive analytic method, was the research paradigm. Group differences were found in appeal cycle occurrence and phase frequencies. CA mothers promoted independence through encouragement of decision making and toddler-initiated play, and through nonintrusive interactions. Neither JPN nor CVN mothers encouraged independence. JPN mothers were subtly directive; CVN mothers overtly so. Generally, CA toddlers played independently, evincing a beginning capacity for self-regulation. JPN and CVN toddlers reacted to separation by staying close to their mothers, and fewer were observed to play independently than in the CA group. CVN toddlers played independently more frequently than JPN toddlers, but less frequently than CA toddlers. Quantitative measures of dyadic behaviors generally support the descriptive findings, though methodological constraints did not permit comparison of phase sequencing. The findings reflect cultural differences in child development thought to influence psychic structure formation

Appeal · Cultural group selection · Developmental psychology · Ethnic group · Independence (probability theory) · Linguistics · Political science · Sociology · Toddler · Vietnamese · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Cultural Differences and Values · Early Childhood Education and Development · Psychology · Social Psychology