Foreign Entrepreneurship in Russian Industrialization, 1880–1914

It is well known that foreign capital was very important in Russian industry before the revolution. Various investigators have attempted to quantify this foreign investment by industry and nationality; according to the most generally reproduced estimate, almost one third of the total capital of all industrial corporations operating in Russia was held by foreigners in 1914. These statistical studies, which sum up much of our present knowledge of foreign enterprise in Russia, are set forth in the introductory chapters

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