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Research has shown that animal subjects that are given a chance to consume a low-valued substance will consume less of it if a high-valued substance will soon be available than they would if the low-valued substance were to remain available (negative consummatory contrast). Research has also shown that subjects that lever press for a low-valued reinforcer will press the lever more often for that reinforcer if they will soon be able to lever press for a high-valued reinforcer than they would if they continue to press for the low-valued reinforcer (positive induction). The present study investigated these different changes in behavior across 3 experiments. The results suggest that the occurrence of contrast or induction does not depend on the type of substances that are used. We argue that further investigation of the contrast vs. induction issue is warranted because it has empirical, theoretical, and applied implications

Animal behavior · Biology · Cognitive psychology · Contrast (vision · Developmental psychology · Lever · Operant conditioning · Reinforcement · Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies · Artificial Intelligence · Behavioral and Psychological Studies · Computer Science · Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior · Psychology · Social Psychology

• Investigating Retrospective Influences on Induction in Rats' Responding for 1% Sucrose When Food-Pellet Reinforcement Is Upcoming

  Jeffrey N Weatherly, Emily I L Arthur•The Journal of General Psychology•2006

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