Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long‐Term Effects of In Utero Influenza Exposure in the Post‐1940 U.S. Population
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10176168 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Douglas Almond (0000-0003-1377-1982, National Bureau of Economic Research, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 114 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 672-712 |
| Publication date | 2006-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Political Economy (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3808 • E-ISSN: 1537-534X |
| Publisher | University of Chicago Press (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1086/507154 |
| OpenAlex | W2123676639 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 364 |
| References cited | 39 |
This paper uses the 1918 influenza pandemic as a natural experiment for testing the fetal origins hypothesis. The pandemic arrived unexpectedly in the fall of 1918 and had largely subsided by January 1919, generating sharp predictions for long-term effects. Data from the 1960–80 decennial U.S. Census indicate that cohorts in utero during the pandemic displayed reduced educational attainment, increased rates of physical disability, lower income, lower socioeconomic status, and higher transfer payments compared with other birth cohorts. These results indicate that investments in fetal health can increase human capital
Biology · Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Demographic economics · Disease · Economic growth · Economics · Educational attainment · Environmental health · Fetus · Human capital · In utero · Influenza pandemic · Pandemic · Population · Pregnancy · Socioeconomic status · Sociology · Birth, Development, and Health · Demography · Health disparities and outcomes · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies · Internal Medicine · Medicine
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| Unique citing works | 364 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 17,33 |
| Citation span | 2005 - 2026 (22) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 362 |