Retour aux sources de la « troisième vague »

While increasing online hostility towards elected officials has become a growing cause for public concern, our empirical understanding of the nature and scale of the phenomenon remains incomplete. This study analyzes online violence against French Members of Parliament (MPs) on Twitter (X), based on 4.5 million tweets targeting MPs between 2022 and 2023. Three bespoke classification models distinguish personal attacks, political criticism, and supportive messages. The results show that while personal attacks remain relatively rare for most MPs, a small, highly visible group of MPs become frequent targets of intense hostility. Online visibility and certain partisan affiliations are the main predictors of a more negative online experience overall, while gender mainly influences the content of attacks

Context (archaeology · Interpretation (philosophy · Natural (archaeology · Perspective (graphical · Subject (documents · Cultural Identity and Heritage · History, Culture, and Diplomacy · Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies