Effects of Input Elaboration on Vocabulary Acquisition through Reading by Korean Learners of English as a Foreign Language

This article investigates whether (a) lexical elaboration (LE), typographical enhancement (TE), or a combination, and (b) explicit or implicit LE affect 297 Korean learners' acquisition of English vocabulary. The learners were asked to read one of six versions of an experimental text that contained 26 target words. The study adopted a 2 × 3 MANOVA design with TE and LE as two independent variables and form- and meaning-recognition vocabulary posttests as two dependent variables. The TE had two levels, enhanced and unenhanced, and the LE had three levels, explicit, implicit, and unelaborated. The results were (a) LE alone did not aid form recognition of vocabulary, (b) explicit LE alone aided meaning recognition of vocabulary, (c) TE alone did not aid form and meaning recognition of vocabulary, (d) LE and TE combined did not aid form recognition of vocabulary, (e) both explicit and implicit LE aided meaning recognition of vocabulary, (f) explicit and implicit LE did not differ in their effect on form and meaning recognition of vocabulary, and (g) whether a text was further enhanced in addition to either explicit or implicit LE did not seem to affect the acquisition of the previously unknown words' forms or meanings

Affect (linguistics) · Cognitive psychology · Elaboration · Humanities · Linguistics · Meaning (existential) · Reading (process) · Vocabulary · Communication · Computer Science · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Lexicography and Language Studies · Psychology · Second Language Acquisition and Learning

• Textual Enhancement of Input

  ZhaoHong Han, Eun Sook Park et al.•Applied Linguistics•2008

  Incluir item

• ‘Did You See That?’—The Role of Repetition and Enhancement on Lexical Bundle Processing in English Learning Materials

  Open Access•Julian Northbrook, David Allen et al.•Applied Linguistics•2022

  Incluir item

• Effects of textual enhancement on L2 development

  Ehsan Rassaei, Shadab Jabbarpoor•IRAL - International Review of…•2025

  Incluir item

• Typographic enhancement of multiword units in second language text

  Open Access•Frank Boers, Murielle Demecheleer et al.•International Journal of Applied…•2016

  Incluir item

• Impact of Text Elaboration and Reading and Reading‐While‐Listening Input Modalities on Incidental Collocation Learning

  Open Access•Hoang Minh Tran•International Journal of Applied…•2026

  Incluir item

• The Effect of Input Enhancement and L1 Glosses on the Acquisition of English Phrasal Verbs

  Open Access•Amal Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed Alotaibi et al.•International Journal of Applied…•2026

  Incluir item

• The role of input flood and input enhancement in EFL learners' acquisition of collocations

  Open Access•Paweł Szudarski, Robert M Carter et al.•International Journal of Applied…•2014

  Incluir item

• The separate and combined effects of recasts and textual enhancement as two focus on form techniques on L2 development

  Open Access•Ehsan Rassaei•System•2019

  Incluir item

• The effects of individual differences in field dependence/independence and analogical reasoning for L2 instruction

  Open Access•Yoichi Meguro•System•2020

  Incluir item

• Exploring teachers' oral explanations of new English lexical items in a Chinese university

  Open Access•Ernesto Macaro, Lili Tian•System•2015

  Incluir item

• Contextual learning of L2 lexical and grammatical collocations with and without typographic enhancement

  Open Access•Mark Toomer, Irina Elgort et al.•System•2024

  Incluir item

• Is There an “Academic Vocabulary”

  Open Access•K Hyland, Polly Tse•TESOL Quarterly•2007

  Incluir item

• Optimal input for language learning

  Open Access•Michael Long, Michael H Long•Language Teaching•2020

  Incluir item

• Pedagogical Implications

  Open Access•ZhaoHong Han•TESOL Quarterly•2007

  Incluir item

• The Author Replies to Z. H. Han's “Pegagogical Implications

  Open Access•YOUNGKYU KIM•TESOL Quarterly•2007

  Incluir item

• Foreign language practice in simulation video games

  Open Access•Karim Hesham Shaker Ibrahim•Foreign Language Annals•2019

  Incluir item

• The Effect of Pre-reading Instruction on Vocabulary Learning

  Open Access•Ana Pellicer‐sánchez, Kathy Conklin et al.•Language Learning•2021

  Incluir item

• Learning Vocabulary in Another Language

  Open Access•Paul Nation, I S P Nation•Learning Vocabulary in Another…•2001

  Incluir item

• Formulaic Language and the Lexicon

  Open Access•Amanda Wray, Alison Wray•Formulaic Language and the Lexicon•2002

  Incluir item

• Output, Input Enhancement, and the Noticing Hypothesis

  Open Access•Shinichi Izumi, Shin-ichi Izumi•Studies in Second Language…•2002

  Incluir item

• Incidental Vocabulary Learning by Advanced Foreign Language Students

  Open Access•Jan H Hulstijn, MEREL HOLLANDER et al.•Modern Language Journal•1996

  Incluir item

• Input Enhancement in Instructed SLA

  Open Access•Michael Sharwood Smith•Studies in Second Language…•1993

  Incluir item

• Second Language Instruction Does Make a Difference

  Open Access•Catherine J Doughty, Catherine Doughty•Studies in Second Language…•1991

  Incluir item

• Intentional and incidental second language vocabulary learning

  Open Access•Jan H Hulstijn•Cognition and Second Language…•2001

  Incluir item

• Incidental and Intentional Learning

  Jan H Hulstijn•The Handbook of Second Language…•2003

  Incluir item

• We Acquire Vocabulary and Spelling by Reading

  Open Access•Stephen Krashen•Modern Language Journal•1989

  Incluir item

• Academic Listening

  Karina Vidal•Applied Linguistics•2003

  Incluir item

• Consciousness-Raising and the Second Language Learner1

  Michael Sharwood Smith•Applied Linguistics•1981

  Incluir item

• The Effects of Contextual Richness on the Guessability and the Retention of Words in a Foreign Language1

  Jan-Arjen Mondria, M W-D BOER•Applied Linguistics•1991

  Incluir item

• The Natural Approach

  Stephen D Krashen, Stephen Krashen et al.•The Natural Approach•1983

  Incluir item

• A New Academic Word List

  Averil Coxhead•TESOL Quarterly•2000

  Incluir item

• Current Developments in Second Language Reading Research

  William Grabe•TESOL Quarterly•1991

  Incluir item

• Learning Word Meanings from Context during Normal Reading

  Open Access•William E Nagy, Richard C Anderson et al.•American Educational Research…•1987

  Incluir item

• Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition in a Second Language

  Open Access•Thomas N Huckin, Thomas Huckin et al.•Studies in Second Language…•1999

  Incluir item

• The Effects of Simplified and Elaborated Texts on Foreign Language Reading Comprehension

  Open Access•Yasukata Yano, M H Long et al.•Language Learning•1994

  Incluir item

• Research on Negotiation

  Open Access•Teresa Pica•Language Learning•1994

  Incluir item

• Do Learners Notice Enhanced Forms while Interacting with the L2

  Ronald P Leow•Hispania•2001

  Incluir item