The Sonoma Water Evaluation Trial

A Randomized Drinking Water Intervention Trial to Reduce Gastrointestinal Illness in Older Adults

Bibliographic Data

ID11037101
AuthorsJr John M Colford (0000-0002-3288-6956, New York Times), John M Colford (At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), Joan F Hilton (0000-0003-2452-4274, At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), Catherine C Wright (At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), Benjamin F Arnold (0000-0001-6105-7295, At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), Sona Saha (At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), Timothy J Wade (0000-0002-7843-0997, At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), Joan W Scott (0000-0001-6092-9784, At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.), James C Scott (0000-0001-8369-4420, New York Times), James Scott (0000-0003-3296-0375), Joseph N S Eisenberg (0000-0001-8019-296X, At the time of the study, John M. Colford Jr, Catherine C. Wright, Benjamin F. Arnold, Sona Saha, James Scott, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg were with the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Joan F. Hilton is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco. Timothy J. Wade is with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC.)
Year2009
Volume99
Issue11
Pages1988-1995
Publication date2009-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Journal of Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0090-0036 • E-ISSN: 1541-0048
PublisherAmerican Public Health Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.2105/ajph.2008.153619
PMID19762663
PMCIDPMC2759780
OpenAlexW2043007115
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited24

Objectives. We estimated the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (HCGI) per year associated with active versus sham household water filtration devices among older adults in a community receiving tap water meeting current US standards. Methods. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, crossover trial in 714 households (988 individuals), which used active and sham water filtration devices for 6 months each. We estimated the annual incidence rate ratio of HCGI episodes and the longitudinal prevalence ratio of HCGI days at population and individual levels with a generalized estimating equation (GEE) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), respectively, adjusted for covariates associated with outcome. Results. The incidence rate ratios (active versus sham) were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.00) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.76, 0.94) HCGI episodes per year estimated by GEE and GLMM models, respectively. The corresponding longitudinal prevalence ratios were 0.88 (95% CI = 0.74, 1.05) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.78, 0.90) HCGI days per person per year. Conclusions. We observed reductions in population- and individual-level measures of HCGI associated with use of the active filtration device. These findings suggest the need for further research on the impact of drinking water on the health of sensitive subpopulations

Confidence interval · Crossover study · Environmental health · Gee · Generalized estimating equation · Incidence (geometry) · Population · Randomized controlled trial · Rate ratio · Statistics · Child Nutrition and Water Access · Demography · Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research · Fecal contamination and water quality · Internal Medicine · Mathematics · Medicine