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Based on Erik H. Erikson's life-cycle model as clarified by Erikson, Erikson, and Kivnick, this theoretical paper considers psychosocial development in the adulthood and old age of South Africa's black majority population, under the oppressive laws of apartheid. The author draws on empirical observations made during three months of fieldwork in South Africa. The paper rests on the propositions that apartheid may be expected to interfere with healthy psychosocial development in South African blacks throughout the life cycle, and that cultural strengths – exemplified by traditional singing – function as counterbalancing resources that promote psychosocial health, nonetheless. Adulthood and old age are discussed to illustrate the way black South Africans must negotiate every stage of life under the powerful, opposing influences of apartheid and indigenous culture

Developmental psychology · Erikson's stages of psychosocial development · Indigenous · Indigenous culture · Negotiation · Population · Psychosocial · Psychotherapist · Social science · Sociology · Demography · Gender Studies · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare · Psychology · Resilience and Mental Health

• Childhood and society

  Erik H Erikson•Childhood and society•1963

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