Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Future Warfare in the Western Pacific

Chinese Antiaccess/Area Denial, U.S. AirSea Battle, and Command of the Commons in East Asia

Bibliographic Data

ID11261845
AuthorsStephen Biddle (0009-0000-8137-3201, Stephen Biddle is Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University, and Adjunct Senior Fellow for Defense Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations., corresponding author), Ivan Oelrich (0009-0007-4748-4080, Ivan Oelrich served as Vice President for the Strategic Security Program at the Federation of American Scientists, and is Adjunct Professor of International Affairs at George Washington University.)
Year2016
Volume41
Issue1
Pages7-48
Publication date2016-07-01
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Security (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0162-2889 • E-ISSN: 1531-4804
PublisherMIT Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1162/isec_a_00249
OpenAlexW2481341241
LanguageEN
Citations received55
References cited24

Many analysts worry that improvements in Chinese missile, sensor, guidance, and other technologies will enable China to deny the U.S. military access to parts of the Western Pacific that the United States has long controlled. Although these “antiaccess, area denial” (A2/AD) capabilities are real, they are a geographically limited long-term threat. As both the United States and China deploy A2/AD capabilities, a new era will emerge in which the U.S. military no longer enjoys today's command of the global commons, but is still able to deny China military hegemony in the Western Pacific. In this new era, the United States will possess a sphere of influence around allied landmasses; China will maintain a sphere of influence over its own mainland; and a contested battlespace will cover much of the South and East China Seas wherein neither power enjoys wartime freedom of surface or air movement. This in turn suggests that the Chinese A2/AD threat to U.S. allies is real but more limited than often supposed. With astute U.S. choices, most U.S. allies in this new system will be imperfectly, but substantially, secure

Ancient history · Battle · Battlespace · China · Commons · Denial · Development economics · Economics · Economy · Global commons · Hegemony · Mainland China · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Sovereignty · European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies · History · Law · Military and Defense Studies · Nuclear Issues and Defense

  • Grand Strategy and Technological Futures

    Robert G Cantelmo, Sarah E Krep et al.•Oxford Handbook of Grand Strategy•2021

  • Taiwan and the Danger of a Sino-American War

    Steve Chan•Taiwan and the Danger of a…•2024

  • Security in the Asia-Pacific and signaling at sea

    Open Access•Brian C Chao, Hyun-Binn Cho•International Relations of the…•2022

  • Political Spaces Beyond the Nation State

    Open Access•Moritz S Graefrath, M Jahn•Global Studies Quarterly•2024

  • Continuity in Indonesia’s Strategy in the South China Sea Under Joko Widodo

    Open Access•Prabhat Patnaik, Angguntari Sari•Journal of Asian Security and…•2021

  • Evolving concept of strategic autonomy in Europe and Asia

    Open Access•Kuyoun Chung•Asia Europe Journal•2026

  • Maritime sovereignty and territorialisation

    Open Access•Rebecca Strating, J Wallis•Marine Policy•2022

  • Cool your jets

    Ivan Oelrich•Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists•2020

  • High-Energy Laser Weapons

    Ash Rossiter•The US Army War College Quarterly…•2018

  • Parameters – Full Issue – Winter 2018-19

    USAWC Parameters•The US Army War College Quarterly…•2019

  • China's Nuclear Modernisation and the Dynamics of the Stability–Instability Paradox in U.S.–China Strategic Competition

    Open Access•Sajjad Ahamed•Journal of Current Chinese Affairs•2026

  • Why Strategic Clarity Is Problematic for US Policy on Taiwan

    Steve Chan•Asian Survey•2026

  • Network Connections and the Emergence of the Hub-and-Spokes Alliance System in East Asia

    Yasuhiro Izumikawa•International Security•2020

  • The Deficiency Disparity

    Open Access•Athahn Steinback, Steven Childs•Journal of advanced military…•2023

  • The effects of US–China competing strategies in Asia-Pacific on India and Pakistan rivalry in the South Asian region

    Open Access•Zafar Khan•Asian Journal of Comparative…•2021

  • Understanding spheres of influence in international politics

    Open Access•Van Jackson•European Journal of International…•2019

  • Strategic Security in Northern Europe

    Open Access•H R Kemp•Journal of Strategic Security•2021

  • The coming high-tech Sino-American War at Sea? Naval Guns, Technology hybridity and the “Shock of the Old”

    Open Access•Brendan Flynn•Defence Studies•2021

  • An A2/AD in the Western Mediterranean? Is Algeria developing anti-access/area-denial capabilities

    Guillem Colom-Piella•Defence Studies•2021

  • Competition with China and U.S. defence strategy

    Luis Simón, Maximilian Ernst•Defence Studies•2023

  • The demise of the INF Treaty

    Open Access•Augusto César Dall’Agnol, Marco Cepik•Revista Brasileira de Política…•2021

  • U.S. Geopolitics and Nuclear Deterrence in the Era of Great Power Competitions

    Open Access•Peter Rudolf•Political Science Quarterly•2020

  • Switching sides

    Open Access•Andrew H Kydd, Andrew Kydd•International Politics•2020

  • Leading sectors and polarity change in the context of US–China competition

    Open Access•Lauro Borges•International Politics•2023

  • AI-enabled remote warfare

    Open Access•Ash Rossiter•International Politics•2021

  • Containment’s deceit

    Open Access•Maximilian Terhalle•International Politics•2019

  • Between punishment and denial

    Luis Simón•Arms Control•2020

  • American Discourses on China's Motivations for Naval Development under Xi Jinping

    Open Access•Youngduk Jang, Yongjon Han•Pacific Focus•2023

  • The Rise of the Chinese Navy

    Open Access•David Connolly•Pacific Focus•2017

  • Denial strategy in Australian strategic thought

    Adam Lockyer, Michael D Cohen•Australian Journal Of International…•2017

  • Towards naval normalcy

    Zhengyu Wu•The Pacific Review•2019

  • Washington's perceptions and misperceptions of Beijing's anti-access area-denial (A2-AD) ‘strategy’

    James D Johnson, James Johnson•The Pacific Review•2016

  • Putting the “geo” into geopolitics

    Open Access•Courtney Flint•GeoJournal•2021

  • How Much Risk Should the United States Run in the South China Sea

    Open Access•M Taylor Fravel, Charles L Glaser•International Security•2022

  • Would China Go Nuclear? Assessing the Risk of Chinese Nuclear Escalation in a Conventional War with the United States

    Caitlin Talmadge•International Security•2017

  • Dangerous Confidence? Chinese Views on Nuclear Escalation

    Fiona S Cunningham, M Taylor Fravel•International Security•2019

  • Active Denial

    Eric Heginbotham, Richard J Samuels•International Security•2018

  • The Emerging Military Balance in East Asia

    Michael Beckley•International Security•2017

  • Escalation through Entanglement

    Open Access•James M Acton•International Security•2018

  • Markets or Mercantilism? How China Secures Its Energy Supplies

    Jennifer Lind, Daryl G Pre et al.•International Security•2018

  • Should the United States Reject MAD? Damage Limitation and U.S. Nuclear Strategy toward China

    Charles L Glaser, Steve Fetter•International Security•2016

  • Anti-satellite warfare, proliferated satellites, and the future of space-based military surveillance

    Ivan Oelrich, Paul Van Hooft et al.•Journal of Strategic Studies•2024

  • Signalling capacity and crisis diplomacy

    Spencer D Bakich•Journal of Strategic Studies•2022

  • Killing them softly

    Open Access•Jonas Vidhammer Berge, Henrik Stålhane Hiim•Journal of Strategic Studies•2024

  • The rise of China, balance of power theory and US national security

    Joshua Shifrinson•Journal of Strategic Studies•2020

  • Don’t judge islands by their sizes

    Open Access•Takuya Matsuda, Elliot Ji et al.•Journal of Strategic Studies•2025

  • Counter-intervention in Chinese naval strategy

    Ryan D Martinson•Journal of Strategic Studies•2021

  • Two kinds of catastrophe

    Joshua Rovner•Journal of Strategic Studies•2017

  • Contest for Dominance

    Open Access•Mintu Barua•China Report•2020

  • The legacy of Admiral von Tirpitz

    Open Access•Paolo Pizzolo•Italian Political Science…•2022

  • By Fait Accompli, Not Coercion

    Dan Altman•International Studies Quarterly•2017

  • Planes, Trains, and Armored Mobiles

    Open Access•J Andrés Gannon•International Studies Quarterly•2023

  • A Granular Theory of Balancing

    Open Access•Steven E Lobell•International Studies Quarterly•2018

  • The Taiwan Strait

    Open Access•Ian Tsung-Yen Chen•Journal of Chinese Political…•2025

  • On the fungibility of economic power

    Open Access•Robert S Ro, ROBERT S ROSS•European Journal of International…•2019

  • China's Military Power

    Open Access•Roger Cliff•China's Military Power•2015

  • The Air-Sea Battle ‘concept’

    Open Access•Amitai Etzioni•International Politics•2014

  • Allies, Airpower, and Modern Warfare

    Stephen Biddle, Stephen D Biddle•International Security•2005

  • Command of the Commons

    Barry R Posen•International Security•2003

  • Is There an Oil Weapon

    Llewelyn Hughes, Austin Long•International Security•2015

  • Allies, Airpower, and Modern Warfare

    Stephen Biddle, Stephen D Biddle•International Security•2006

  • Posing Problems Without Catching Up

    Thomas J Christensen•International Security•2001

  • Contested Primacy in the Western Pacific

    Evan Braden Montgomery•International Security•2014

  • Undersea Dragons

    Lyle J Goldstein, Lyle Goldstein et al.•International Security•2004

  • A U.S.-China Grand Bargain? The Hard Choice between Military Competition and Accommodation

    Charles L Glaser•International Security•2015

  • Why China Cannot Conquer Taiwan

    Michael O’hanlon, Michael O'Hanlon•International Security•2000

  • Strangulation from the Sea? A PRC Submarine Blockade of Taiwan

    Michael A Glosny•International Security•2004

  • Stalking the Secure Second Strike

    Austin Long, Brendan Rittenhouse Green•Journal of Strategic Studies•2015

  • Stranglehold

    Sean Mirski•Journal of Strategic Studies•2013

  • Politics, Technology and the Revolution in Military Affairs

    John Stone•Journal of Strategic Studies•2004

  • On War

    H R Mcmaster•Survival•2008

  • The Cyber Threat to Nuclear Stability

    Open Access•Paul Bracken•Orbis•2016

  • Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare

    Eliot A Cohen, Tami Davis Biddle•Foreign Affairs•2002

  • When Does Aerial Bombing Work

    Open Access•Michael Horowitz, Michael C Horowitz et al.•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2001

  • When is Strategic Bombing Effective? Domestic Legitimacy and Aerial Denial

    Aaron Belkin, Michael Clark et al.•Security Studies•2002

Citations per year5.5
Citation span2016 - 2026 (11)
Highly citedNo

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae