Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones

Bibliographic Data

ID11370724
AuthorsAude Benhemma-Le Gall (0000-0002-3704-466X, University of Aberdeen, corresponding author), Philip Thompson (0000-0001-6195-3284, University of Aberdeen), Paul Thompson (0000-0003-2476-2803), Nathan Merchant, Nathan D Merchant (0000-0002-1090-0016, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science), Isla Graham, Isla M Graham (0000-0001-7018-3269, University of Aberdeen)
Year2023
Volume103
Pages107271
Publication date2023-11-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEnvironmental Impact Assessment Review (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0195-9255 • E-ISSN: 1873-6432
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.eiar.2023.107271
OpenAlexW4386503577
LanguageEN
References cited43

Efforts to meet climate change targets are resulting in rapid and global expansion of offshore windfarms. In many regions, development areas are also used by protected marine mammals, requiring the assessment and mitigation of any risk of injury during construction and operation. For small cetaceans such as the harbour porpoise, there is particular concern over the risk of injury from impulsive noise should individuals remain within near-field injury zones during the installation of pile driven turbine foundations. Currently, this risk is assessed by comparing predicted noise levels at the start of piling with baseline estimates of animal density, which are, in turn, based on data collected at least one year earlier. However, vessel-based preparation work immediately prior to piling may displace animals, thus reducing any risk of injury when pile-driving begins. We investigated the effects of pre-piling activities on local soundscapes and harbour porpoise occurrence during the construction of two deep-water offshore windfarms in NE Scotland. Arrays of echolocation click detectors deployed at a sub-set of turbine sites were used to assess porpoise occurrence within a 5 km buffer during a 48-h period prior to the initiation of piling. In parallel, we characterised local vessel activity using AIS data and underwater broadband noise levels. We then used daily engineering records to characterise variation in construction activities and explore how porpoise occurrence varied during the 48 h prior to piling. On average, vessels arrived onsite 11–15 h before the start of pile-driving activities at both windfarms. In both installation campaigns, harbour porpoise acoustic detection gradually declined by up to 33% during the 48 h prior to piling. This decrease in detections was associated with increased levels of vessel and pre-piling installation activities, and increased local underwater broadband noise levels. These results provide strong evidence of porpoise displacement prior to active mitigation activities, highlighting the need to account for disturbance from multiple sources when optimising mitigation measures aimed at reducing impacts of windfarm construction on protected marine mammal populations

Acoustics · Geotechnical engineering · Harbour · Human echolocation · Marine engineering · Noise (video · Offshore wind power · Pile · Porpoise · Submarine pipeline · Turbine · Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior · Computer Science · Engineering · Environmental Science · Marine animal studies overview · Underwater Acoustics Research

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