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On the Relationship between Birds and Spirits of the Dead

Bibliographic Data

ID12419211
AuthorsChristopher M Moreman (0000-0002-0918-2053, California State UniversityEast Bay, corresponding author)
Year2014
Volume22
Issue5
Pages481-502
Publication date2014-08-27
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSociety and Animals (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1063-1119 • E-ISSN: 1568-5306
PublisherBrill (PUBLISHER • NL)
DOI10.1163/15685306-12341328
OpenAlexW2022423029
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited7

Birds have an ambiguous symbolic significance across cultures throughout human history, ubiquitously relating to both life and death. Birds are routinely seen as portents of impending calamity and death, while they are also often thought to bear away or steal spirits of the dead, sometimes even embodying those very spirits themselves. On the other hand, birds are also commonly associated with life, fertility, and longevity. This paper brings together cross-cultural evidence for the practically universal associations between birds and both life and death. This paper offers an explanation for this association as an expression of the deep-seated human ambivalence to mortality. As a form of Jungian archetype, birds reflect a fundamental aspect of human nature—the denial of death as finality through a desire for renewal, transformation, and rebirth

Afterlife · Ambivalence · Archetype · Art · Biology · Denial · Environmental ethics · Epistemology · Expression (computer science · Genealogy · Literature · Longevity · Psychoanalysis · Sociology · Demography · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health · History · Jungian Analytical Psychology · Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs · Philosophy · Psychology

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  • Near-Death Folklore in Medieval China and Japan

    James Mcclenon•Asian Folklore Studies•1991

  • Myth and Practice in Jicarilla Apache Eschatology

    Morris E Opler•Journal of American Folklore•1960

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Unique citing works7
Citations per year0,88
Citation span2018 - 2025 (8)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 7

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