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Defining online to offline (O2O)

A systematic approach to defining an emerging business model

Bibliographic Data

ID12420698
AuthorsPhilip Tin Yun Lee (0000-0002-8749-8141, University of Hong Kong, corresponding author), E Feiyu (University of Hong Kong), Feiyu E, Michael Chau (0000-0003-4579-4329, University of Hong Kong)
Year2022
Volume32
Issue5
Pages1453-1495
Publication date2022-07-18
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternet Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1066-2243 • E-ISSN: 2054-5657
PublisherEmerald Publishing Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1108/intr-10-2020-0563
OpenAlexW4285726114
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited103

Purpose A new business model online to offline (O2O) has emerged in recent years. Similar to many new models at an early stage, O2O has inconsistent definitions which not only inhibit its adoption but also poorly differentiate O2O from other existing business models. To resolve the two issues, the authors propose an approach of definition development. Design/methodology/approach To show the usefulness of the approach, the authors demonstrate the differences among O2O and other business models with the use of the distinctive definition and thereby evaluate adoption of O2O from a practical perspective and identify research directions from a theoretical perspective based on the differences. Findings The authors' proposed approach of definition development integrates the work of Tatarkiewicz (1980) and Nickerson et al. (2013). The approach generates a distinctive definition of O2O with important analytical dimensions which help decision-making of adoption of O2O. Originality/value The paper aims to make several contributions. First, on theoretical contribution, the authors confine the scope of O2O studies and facilitate accumulation of more coherent knowledge of O2O. The authors help O2O evolve from a “buzz word” of successful stories in real businesses to a more serious concept from an academic perspective. Second, from a practical perspective, the authors' definition provides business executives with critical evaluative dimensions for gauging the adoption of O2O. Lastly, from a methodological perspective, the proposed approach can be used in future to define an emerging concept in real life businesses

Data science · Knowledge management · Management science · Marketing buzz · Online and offline · Originality · Perspective (graphical · Qualitative research · Scope (computer science · Sociology · Value (mathematics · World Wide Web · Computer Science · Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing · Consumer Retail Behavior Studies · Digital Platforms and Economics · Artificial Intelligence

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    Open Access•Chao Zhang, Xinya Bi et al.•Applied Geography•2026

  • Customer satisfaction in online-to-offline commerce

    Hao Zhang, Hepu Deng et al.•British Food Journal•2025

  • Why retail firms commonly get only halfway through channel integration with online channels

    Open Access•Philip Tin Yun Lee, Aki Pui Yi Hui et al.•Internet Research•2023

  • Antecedent and consequence of using O2O delivery applications

    Open Access•Pinyi Yao, Yao Meng et al.•Acta Psychologica•2025

  • Creativity

    Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz•History of Six Ideas•1980

  • From Multi-Channel Retailing to Omni-Channel Retailing

    Open Access•Peter C Verhoef, P K Kannan et al.•Journal of Retailing•2015

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    Open Access•Enrique Estellés-Arolas, Fernando González-Ladrón-de-Guevara•Journal of Information Science•2012

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  • Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey

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  • The information quality and source credibility matter in customers’ evaluation toward food O2O commerce

    Open Access•Jee-Won Kang, Young Namkung•International Journal of…•2019

  • Customer Experience Creation

    Open Access•Peter C Verhoef, Katherine N Lemon et al.•Journal of Retailing•2009

  • Ongoing Trust and Tourism O2O Platform Continuance

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    Open Access•Luis E Hestres•New Media & Society•2013

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    Open Access•Yu-Wei Chang, Ping-Yu Hsu et al.•Internet Research•2018

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Unique citing works7
Citations per year2,33
Citation span2023 - 2026 (4)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 7

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