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The American agitator goes digital

Understanding the affective role of agitational aesthetics in the online fascist recruitment of youth

Bibliographic Data

ID12424959
AuthorsT E Lewis (0000-0002-4303-752X, corresponding author)
Year2023
Volume46
Issue3
Pages458-475
Publication date2023-12-13
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Review of Education Pedagogy & Cultural Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1071-4413 • E-ISSN: 1556-3022
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10714413.2023.2291345
OpenAlexW4389678988
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited18

Given the rise in extremist radicalization using digital media, antifascist education must develop its own philosophy of digital technologies. The first half of this paper turns to Leo Löwenthal and Norbert Guterman's theory of the American agitator as well as Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's notion of fascist projection and paranoia to provide groundwork for this project. Though written in the 1940s, Frankfurt School essays on agitation and projection can be thought of as early indications of the importance of affect in fascist politics, which has only become intensified with the advent of digital media. The paper then proceeds to apply a critical concept of "agitational aesthetics" to chan culture in the present day, highlighting the affective economy of memes in the radicalization process. In conclusion, a series of questions are posed to educators to help them think through the complexities of intervening before, during, and after the online agitation of proto-fascist tendencies in youth

Aesthetics · Agitator · Art · Epistemology · Media studies · Paranoia · Political science · Politics · Radicalization · Sociology · Critical Theory and Philosophy · Digital Education and Society · Engineering · Law · Philosophy · Political theory and Gramsci · Psychology

  • Memes and the Avant-Garde

    Annie R Schultz•Studies in Art Education•2025

  • Images of agitation

    T E Lewis•The Review of Education Pedagogy…•2025

  • Education, Pedagogy, & the ‘F’ Word

    Open Access•Scott Ellison•Studies in Philosophy and Education•2024

  • Affective Eugenics

    Open Access•Petra Mikulan, M Zembylas•Theory Culture & Society•2026

  • Algorithms of Oppression

    Safiya Umoja Noble, Safiya Noble•Algorithms of Oppression•2020

  • Memes and symbolic violence

    Julia R Decook•Learning Media and Technology•2018

  • The authoritarian personality

    Theodor W Adorno•The authoritarian personality•1969

  • "Do You Want Meme War?" Understanding the Visual Memes of the German Far Right

    Open Access•Lisa Bogerts, Maik Fielitz•2019

  • Affect and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism

    Open Access•M Zembylas•Affect and the Rise of Right-Wing…•2021

  • Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism

    Jeremiah Morelock•Critical Theory and Authoritarian…•2018

  • Dialectic of the Enlightenment. Philosophical Fragments

    Kurt Marko•Philosophy and History•1970

  • This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things

    Whitney Phillips•This is why we can't have nice…•2015

  • The challenges of studying 4chan and the Alt-Right

    Open Access•Thomas Colley, Martin Moore•New Media & Society•2020

  • Education for Autonomy

    T W Adorno, T Adorno et al.•Telos•1983

  • The Authoritarian Personality, 50 Years Later

    Open Access•J Levi Martins, John Levi Martin•Political Psychology•2001

  • Fulfilling the Fascist Lie

    Christian Thorne•South Atlantic Quarterly•2018

Unique citing works4
Citations per year2
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 4

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