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Insta-hate

An exploration of Islamophobia and right-wing nationalism on Instagram amidst the Covid-19 pandemic in India

Bibliographic Data

ID12913409
AuthorsBenson Rajan (0000-0003-3340-8726, Global University, corresponding author), Shreya Venkatraman (Jawaharlal Nehru University)
Year2021
Volume14
Issue1
Pages71-91
Publication date2021-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Arab & Muslim Media Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1751-9411 • E-ISSN: 1751-942X
PublisherIntellect (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1386/jammr_00025_1
OpenAlexW3160709167
LanguageEN
Citations received16
References cited10

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light a crisis of racism and violence on social media by right-wing nationalists in India. Twitter and Instagram have become the online spaces to spew misinformation about the pandemic. Instagram pages such as Hindu_Secret and Hindu_he_hum have been unrelenting and vicious in spreading Islamophobic campaigns using the COVID-19 pandemic. This has opened up opportunities for targeting the Muslim community in India. This study positioned itself within the theoretical framework of Stuart Hall’s encoding and decoding theory to uncover the visual and textual codes used to create stigma and blatant stereotypes that dehumanize and demonize certain communities using social media. This is an explorative inquiry that engaged in a semiotic analysis of the Instagram pages of Hindu_Secret and Hindu_he_hum . The study found encoded stereotypes of threat in the use of colour, religious structures, clothes and other physical markers of cultural identity in generating content for Islamophobia. Coronavirus was portrayed to have Islamic parentage in the memes; thus, it portrayed the Muslim community of nurturing and intentionally spreading the virus across India

Hatred · Hinduism · Hindutva · Islam · Islamophobia · Media studies · Misinformation · Nationalism · Political science · Racism · Semiotics · Social media · Sociology · Xenophobia · COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts · Gender Studies · History · Law · Misinformation and Its Impacts · Religious studies · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence

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    Open Access•Heidi A Campbell, Zachary Sheldon•Religions•2021

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    Open Access•Max Römer Pieretti, Elias Said-Hung et al.•Social Inclusion•2025

  • Navigating Islamophobia, Covid-19 bans, and ideology

    Open Access•Rameez Ahmad Lone•Contemporary Islam•2024

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    Open Access•Benson Rajan, Shreya Venkatraman•Journal of Arab & Muslim Media…•2021

  • Varieties of Nationalism in the Age of Covid-19

    Open Access•Erin K Jenne•Nationalities Papers•2022

  • Religious-Political Discussion on Instagram and WhatsApp and Perception of Religion among Youths in Delhi

    Open Access•Abdul Fahad, Siti Ezaleila Mustafa et al.•Journal of Asian and African…•2023

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    Open Access•E Poole, Eva Haifa Giraud et al.•Social Media + Society•2023

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    Open Access•Ashleigh Haw•Media International Australia•2024

  • Hashtagged Trolling and Emojified Hate against Muslims on Social Media

    Open Access•A Al-Rawi•Religions•2022

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    Open Access•Kanika K Ahuja, Debanjan Banerjee et al.•International Journal of Social…•2021

  • Muslims in social media discourse

    Open Access•A Tornberg, Petter Törnberg•Discourse Context & Media•2016

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    Open Access•Benson Rajan, Shreya Venkatraman•Journal of Arab & Muslim Media…•2021

  • Challenges in the history of colours

    Open Access•Sadan Jha•The Indian Economic & Social…•2014

  • Researching Social Media as if the Social Mattered

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    Open Access•Gyanendra Pandey•Comparative Studies in Society…•1999

Unique citing works16
Citations per year3,2
Citation span2021 - 2025 (5)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 16

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