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Participation and Social Engineering in Early Organizational Action Research

Lewin and the Harwood studies

Bibliographic Data

ID12949657
AuthorsMarianne Kristiansen (corresponding author), Jørgen Bloch‐poulsen (0000-0001-7877-3044, University of Humanistic Studies)
Year2017
Volume13
Issue2
Pages154-177
Publication date2017-08-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueIJAR – International Journal of Action Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1861-1303 • E-ISSN: 1861-9916
PublisherVerlag Barbara Budrich GmbH (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.3224/ijar.v13i2.05
OpenAlexW2746143806
LanguageEN

This article deals with Kurt Lewin’s concepts of participation, change and action research in organisations. It presents a series of experiments conducted by some of Lewin’s former Ph.D. students from 1939 to 1946 at Harwood, a textile factory in Virginia, which contributed to early organisational action research. The article has three purposes. Firstly, it demonstrates how articipation occurred to a certain degree in the Harwood organisation where the workers took part in group decisions based on management experimenting with participative management. It shows that the overall goal of the Harwood studies was to increase efficiency through changes in work group dynamics, and that this goal was determined by management and action researchers. The article concludes that participation was enacted as involvement, i.e. as a managerial tool. Organisational action research thus seems to have started as a form of organisational development studies (OD). Secondly, it shows that the research process was enacted primarily as co-operation between researchers. Workers and foremen participated by providing data and feedback, not as co-producers of knowledge in the research process. Thirdly, the article situates Lewin’s understanding of participation and change within a philosophy of science framework and characterises his concept of action research as applied, change-oriented social engineering, based on a natural science paradigm. The article argues that action research as applied research reduces the scope of participation. The article reflects critically on how to understand past experiments without translating the past into the present, and discusses a discrepancy between the radical contents of Lewin’s theories and the Harwood experiments. Keywords: Organisational action research, participation, involvement, Kurt Lewin, organisational development. ----- Participacion e ingenieria social en la Investigacion-Accion organizacional temprana: Lewin y los estudios de Harwood Resumen Este articulo aborda los conceptos de Kurt Lewin de participacion, cambio e Investigacion-Accion en las organizaciones. Presenta una serie de experimentos realizados por algunos de los ex-alumnos de doctorado desde 1939 a 1946 en Harwood, una fabrica textil en Virginia, que contribuyo a la Investigacion-Accion organizacional temprana. El articulo tiene tres propositos. En primer lugar, emuestra como, hasta cierto punto, se produjo la participacion en la organizacion de Harwood, donde los trabajadores participaron de las decisiones de grupo basadas en la experiencia de gestion con la gestion participativa. Esto muestra que el objetivo general de los estudios de Harwood era aumentar la eficiencia a traves de cambios en la dinamica de los grupos de trabajo y que este objetivo fue determinado por investigadores de gestion y accion. El articulo concluye que la participacion fue realizada con involucramiento, es decir, como una herramienta de gestion. Por lo tanto, aa Investigacion-Accion organizacional parece haber comenzado como una forma de estudios de desarrollo organizacional (OD). En segundo lugar, se muestra que el proceso de investigacion se realizo principalmente como co-operacion entre investigadores. Los trabajadores y los capataces participaron proporcionando datos y devoluciones, no como co-productores de conocimiento en el proceso de investigacion. En tercer lugar, el articulo situa la comprension de Lewin sobre la participacion y el cambio dentro del marco de la filosofia de la ciencia y caracteriza su concepto de Investigacion-Accion como aplicacion y la ingenieria social orientada al cambio, basada en un paradigma de la ciencia natural. El articulo argumenta que la Investigacion-Accion como investigacion aplicada reduce el alcance de la participacion. El articulo reflexiona sobre como entender los experimentos pasados sin traducir el pasado dentro del presente, y discute la discrepancia entre los contenidos radicales de las teorias de Lewin y los experimentos de Harwood. Palabras clave: Investigacion-Accion organizacional, participacion, involucramiento, Kurt Lewin, desarrollo organizacional. ----- Bibliography: Kristiansen, Marianne/Bloch-Poulsen, Jorgen: Participation and Social Engineering in Early Organizational Action Research: Lewin and the Harwood studies, IJAR, 2-2017, pp. 154-177. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v13i2.05

Action (physics · Action research · Engineering ethics · Factory (object-oriented programming · Management · Organization development · Participatory action research · Pedagogy · Political science · Process (computing · Public relations · Scope (computer science · Sociology · Complex Systems and Decision Making · Computer Science · Engineering · Information Systems Theories and Implementation · Management and Organizational Studies

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