Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)

Validation in Mexican University Athletes

Bibliographic Data

ID13025514
AuthorsFaviola Corvera-Velarde (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, corresponding author), Abril Cantú Berrueto (0000-0001-6168-1354, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León), Francisco Javier Mendoza-Farias (0000-0002-8710-4624, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León), Jeanette M López Walle (0000-0003-1552-7756, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León)
Year2025
Volume15
Issue9
Pages259-259
Publication date2025-09-16
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocieties (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2075-4698 • E-ISSN: 2075-4698
PublisherMDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT)
DOI10.3390/soc15090259
OpenAlexW4414240668
LanguageEN
References cited18

From the psychology of sport, the impact of group cohesion on sports performance has been studied extensively; therefore, it is considered important to measure this variable to design interventions that improve collective work to achieve goals together. This study adapted and validated the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) for Mexican university athletes. In a cross-sectional instrumental design, 226 athletes from various team sports completed the scale. Internal consistency statistics and confirmatory factor analyses Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) evaluated psychometrics. After removing three items with weak loadings, three structural models were tested as follows: (a) unidimensional, (b) task vs. social cohesion, and (c) attraction vs. integration. The unidimensional model showed the best fit (χ2 = 177.33; GFI = 0.90; CFI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.07) and high reliability, indicating that cohesion can be treated as a single overarching construct. Task items exhibited higher consistency than social items. In conclusion, the adapted version of the GEQ is a useful tool for the evaluation of cohesion in Mexican university sports, although it is recommended to improve social items and expand its application in different disciplines and competitive levels

Athletes · Cohesion (chemistry · Confirmatory factor analysis · Consistency (knowledge bases · Group cohesiveness · Internal consistency · Psychological intervention · Structural equation modeling · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Sport Psychology and Performance · Sports Performance and Training

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