A hybrid classification approach for exploring Iraq’s welfare regime
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 13049964 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Siena Caridi-Ross (London School of Economics and Political Science), Zahid Mumtaz (0000-0002-0037-9845, University of Bristol, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 160-180 |
| Publication date | 2025-07-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2169-9763 • E-ISSN: 2169-978X |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/ics.2025.10080 |
| OpenAlex | W4414481232 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 92 |
Welfare regime theory remains a central framework in social policy literature, valued for its theoretical insights and policy relevance. However, as this framework is increasingly applied to countries in the Global South, scholars have questioned whether all contexts fit neatly into the established welfare regime types. Recent contributions suggest adopting a hybrid lens, which recognizes that welfare arrangements often vary within the same country, with different populations experiencing distinct forms of social protection. This study contributes to this evolving debate by exploring the development of Iraq’s welfare system and proposing a hybrid classification within the welfare regime framework. We argue that Iraq functions as a hybrid welfare regime, where access to welfare and social protection is unevenly distributed across different segments of society. In doing so, the study extends welfare regime theory by classifying Iraq as a case of hybrid welfare regime and highlights the importance of hybrid welfare models for understanding welfare systems in the Global South
Economic Policies and Impacts · Global Financial Crisis and Policies · Health and Conflict Studies
The Politics of Social Protection in Eastern and Southern Africa
A History of Iraq
Narrative Reviews
Understanding the Mixed Economy of Welfare
Four Worlds of Welfare
The Politics of Welfare State Reform in Continental Europe
Handbook of Social Policy and Development
Can Path Dependence Explain Institutional Change? Two Approaches Applied to Welfare State Reform
Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America
Britain in Iraq
Investigating Welfare State Change
The Politics of Welfare in the Global South
Welfare regimes in Asia
Revisiting Global Welfare Regime Classifications
Social Welfare and Religion in the Middle East
The Shi'is of Iraq
The Politics of Non-state Social Welfare
Thirty years of the Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
Iraq’s Religious Minorities
East Asia in transition
Scaling up policy entrepreneurship strategies from the local to the national level
End of the Era of Productivist Welfare Capitalism? Diverging Welfare Regimes in East Asia
Managing Social Change and Social Policy in Greater China
Introduction
Beyond the Limits of the Productivist Regime
Insecurity and Historical Legacies in Welfare Regime Change in Southeast Asia – Insights from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
Policy Paradigm Shift and the Changing Role of the State
Global Welfare Regimes
Dual decentralization in China's transitional economy
Determinants of welfare service provision after the Golden Age
The ‘rentier mentality’, 30 years on
The 1922 Anglo-Iraq Treaty
Historical institutionalism
The 'Southern Model' of Welfare in Social Europe
Towards a theorization of the global community welfare regime
The four global worlds of welfare capitalism
Hybrid or Unique
Part of the welfare mix
Social Policy after the Arab Spring
A Comparative Welfare Regime Approach to Global Social Policy
Informal social protection
Beyond Welfare Regimes
Introduction
Welfare Regime Change in Developing Countries
Path-Dependent Explanations of Regime Change
A Critique of the Use of Path Dependency in Policy Studies
Clientelism
The development of ideal-typical welfare regime theory
Introducing social protection in the Middle East and North Africa
Inventing Iraq
Iraq since 1958
The architecture of the British Mandate in Iraq
Structural causes and regime consequences
Suffering and harm in insecurity welfare regimes
The three worlds of welfare capitalism
Conceptualising the Relationship Between Formal and Informal Social Protection
The New Politics of the Welfare State
The Politics of Path Dependency
How Proximate and ‘Meta-Institutional’ Contexts Shape Institutional Change
Social policy learning and diffusion in China
Too Late to Apologize? Collateral Damage, Post-Harm Compensation, and Insurgent Violence in Iraq
Welfare regimes and the welfare mix
Institutions and Inequality in Single-Party Regimes
The Causal Logic of Critical Junctures
A Bottom-up picture of intra-national welfare regimes
The productive and protective dimensions of welfare in Asia and the Pacific
Path dependency and convergence of three worlds of welfare policy during the Great Recession
State Fragility, Social Contracts and the Role of Social Protection
Welfare States in Developing Countries
The Study of Critical Junctures
Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics
Land Reform and Development in the Middle East. A Study of Egypt, Syria, and Iraq
Community Types, Community Typologies and Community Time
The Moral Economy of the Peasant
Welfare Provision as Political Containment
A Case for the Inclusion of Informal Social Protection in Social Policy Theory and Practice-Lessons From Nigeria and Pakistan
Overcoming hybridisation in global welfare regime classifications
A theory of informal and formal social citizenship and welfare
Global Patterns of Contemporary Welfare States
Welfare Regimes and Global Cities
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |