The missing “fifth column”
The effects of North Caucasus resettlement and deportations in the late 1800s on North Caucasians’ participation in the First World War
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 13102441 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Robert W Schaefer (United States Department of the Army, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2013 |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 91-106 |
| Publication date | 2013-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Caucasus Survey (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2376-1199 • E-ISSN: 2376-1202 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/23761199.2013.11417285 |
| OpenAlex | W2051165213 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 14 |
At the outbreak of the First World War, Sultan Mehmet V of the Ottoman Empire issued two fatwas at Germany’s behest, calling for all Muslims to unite in global jihad against their Christian oppressors. Yet despite Russia’s designation as an “arch-enemy” after a series of wars spanning centuries, the Ottoman Sultan excused the Chechens, Dagestanis, and Circassians from conducting jihad against Russia. This was an extraordinary omission, especially given Ottoman concerns about a “Russian fifth column” (the Ottoman Armenians), and the general effectiveness of religion as a unifying and mobilizing mechanism in this era. Why did the Ottomans not attempt to foment the very same kind of unrest in Russia that they feared from Armenians in Anatolia? This article addresses the historical mystery of the “missing Ottoman fatwa” against the Russians, through exploration of the preceding 50 years of conflict in the Caucasus and the over-arching context of Russo-Ottoman military rivalry and war. The article argues that
Ancient history · Column (typography · Geography · Economic Sanctions and International Relations · Eurasian Exchange Networks · European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies · History · Mathematics
Russia and Islam
The Great Game of Genocide
Russia Confronts Chechnya
The Story Behind Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
Three imperialisms and a Turkish nationalism
The War of the World
The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus
Hijra and forced migration from nineteenth-century Russia to the Ottoman Empire
The Armenian Question and the Wartime Fate of Thearmenians as Documented by the Officials of the Ottomanempire's World War I Allies
Armenia on the Road to Independence
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,5 |
| Citation span | 2024 - 2024 (1) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |