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A-ppropriation in theory of language, mind, and technology

Reveals the epistemological problem in the development of learning machines

Bibliographic Data

ID13135372
AuthorsChristian Delesep Ruhupatty (0009-0005-3125-7217, University of Indonesia, corresponding author), Lilawati Kurnia (0000-0002-3463-973X, University of Indonesia), Herdito Sandi Pratama (0000-0002-1902-4809, University of Indonesia)
Year2026
Volume11
Pages101621-101621
Publication date2026-01-09
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSustainable Futures (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2666-1888
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101621
OpenAlexW7119916895
LanguageEN
References cited2

This article explores the foundational theories that underlie the development of learning machines and identifies a core epistemological problem within prevailing conceptions of language, mind, and technology. These domains, which frequently inform the design of learning systems, are typically grounded in representationalist assumptions. In contrast, this article advances a distinct framework through the theory of a-ppropriation , which refers to the mind-body capacity to appropriate—or manipulate—the essence of reality into personal perspectives and actions. Within this framework, human understanding is conceived as a direct engagement with the essence of reality, unmediated by representational structures, and expressed within comprehensible, articulable, and utilizable forms such as language, art, and technology. Accordingly, the learning machine is not understood as a mirror of human cognition, but as an embodiment of appropriation: a system designed to interpret data and prompts directly by locating their equivalent and parallel forms within both the data center and user input. As a result, the machine generates responses within a mode of “personal understanding.” In other words, it does not rely on representational modeling or conventional machine learning systems based on binary syllogism, but instead functions as an agentic machine —capable of interpreting novel data and prompts beyond its initial training parameters

Core (optical fiber · Development (topology · Development theory · Experiential learning · Falsifiability · Learning theory · Mode (computer interface · Action Observation and Synchronization · Embodied and Extended Cognition · Language and cultural evolution

  • Minds, brains, and programs

    Open Access•John R Searle•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•1980

  • What Is It Like to Be a Bat

    Thomas Nagel•The Philosophical Review•1974

Highly citedNo

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