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Direct and indirect associations between parents’ and children’s literacy and numeracy skills

A longitudinal study in Hong Kong Chinese families

Bibliographic Data

ID14827768
AuthorsAnna Jia-Jun Zhang (0000-0002-0898-2825, Chinese University of Hong Kong), Urs Maurer (0000-0002-4156-8597, Chinese University of Hong Kong), Catherine Mcbride (0000-0002-6212-3511), T Inoue (0000-0001-8163-087X, Chinese University of Hong Kong, corresponding author)
Year2025
Volume75
Pages101605
Publication date2025-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueCognitive Development (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0885-2014 • E-ISSN: 1879-226X
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101605
OpenAlexW4411398784
LanguageEN
References cited64

We examined the relationship between parents’ and children’s literacy and numeracy and whether the relationship was mediated by children’s cognitive skills. One hundred and thirty Hong Kong Chinese children (mean age = 6 years and 3 months, 51.5 % female) were assessed on nonverbal IQ, phonological awareness (PA), and rapid automatized naming (RAN), and one year later on word reading and arithmetic calculation. Their parents were also tested on word dictation and arithmetic calculation. Results showed that parents’ dictation was weakly but consistently associated with children’s word reading. In contrast, parents’ arithmetic calculation was not consistently associated with children’s arithmetic calculation. RAN predicted both literacy and numeracy, whereas neither RAN nor PA mediated the relationship between parents’ and children’s academic skills. These findings suggest that while children’s literacy and numeracy may partly share similar cognitive underpinnings, their intergenerational association may be generally weak and primarily domain-specific

Developmental psychology · Literacy · Longitudinal study · Numeracy · Pedagogy · Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills · Psychology · Reading and Literacy Development · School Choice and Performance

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