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Speaking and Reading in Two Languages

On the Identification of Reading and Language Disabilities in Spanish‐Speaking English Learners

Bibliographic Data

ID15403711
AuthorsDavid J Francis (0000-0003-3944-3274, University of Houston, corresponding author), Raul Rojas (0000-0003-1596-7030, The University of Texas at Dallas), Svenja Gusewski (0009-0003-4990-6137, The University of Texas at Dallas), Kristi L Santi (University of Houston), Shiva Khalaf (0000-0002-8809-590X, University of Houston), Lindsey Hiebert (0000-0003-1681-0916, The University of Texas at Dallas), Ferenc Bunta (0000-0003-3224-3392, University of Houston)
Year2019
Volume2019
Issue166
Pages15-41
Publication date2019-07-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueNew Directions for Child and Adolescent Development (BOOK_SERIES)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1520-3247 • E-ISSN: 1534-8687
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/cad.20306
PMID31271513
OpenAlexW2955333603
LanguageEN
Citations received9
References cited25

Articles in this issue examine (1) the primary sources of variability in reading and language achievement among Spanish-speaking English learners (ELs) in the United States, (2) the extent to which poor performance at the end of grade 2 is identifiable in developmental trajectories beginning in kindergarten, (3) the relations among core reading constructs of phonological awareness and decoding in both English and Spanish and the factors that affect their relationship, (4) the performance of different approaches to identification and the factors that influence how well they work, as well as (5) the growing literature focused on intervention for reading problems in this population. This article examines the literature on language minority students and disability identification and analyzes a large-scale longitudinal dataset (>4,000 ELs; >15,000 observations) to systematically characterize and describe the oral language and reading development of Spanish-speaking children designated as ELs from kindergarten to second grade, considering a range of factors that may potentially contribute to that characterization and its relation to academic performance. This systematic characterization should facilitate the development of an empirical basis for a theoretically grounded framework of typical development in ELs in order to more precisely identify those children with language and learning disabilities

Developmental psychology · Identification (biology · Intervention (counseling · Language development · Linguistics · Phonological awareness · Population · Reading (process · Scale (ratio · Hearing Impairment and Communication · Language Development and Disorders · Psychology · Reading and Literacy Development

  • Artificial Intelligence to Support Oral Reading Fluency Assessment in English and Spanish for Students With Reading Disabilities

    Open Access•Madeline D Price, R Alex Smith et al.•Learning Disability Quarterly•2026

  • Effects of Bilingual Letter Sound Knowledge and Word Automaticity in Spanish and in English on Reading Comprehension for First Grade Bilingual Students

    Open Access•Doris L Baker, José R Palma et al.•SAGE Open•2026

  • Reading and writing difficulties in bilingual learners

    Open Access•Jie Zhang, Qiuying Wang•Annals of Dyslexia•2023

  • Relations between oral language skills and English reading achievement among Spanish–English bilingual children

    Open Access•J Marc Goodrich, Lisa Fitton et al.•Annals of Dyslexia•2023

  • L1 and L2 contributions to English reading in middle school struggling readers

    Open Access•Paul T Cirino, Kelly T Macdonald et al.•Bilingualism Language and Cognition•2026

  • Identification, Classification, and Treatment of Reading and Language Disabilities in Spanish‐Speaking EL Students

    Open Access•David J Francis•New Directions for Child and…•2019

  • Self-regulation development among young Spanish-English dual language learners

    Open Access•Margaret O''Brien Caughy, Dawn Y Brinkley et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2022

  • Moving Forward by Looking Back

    Open Access•Raul Rojas, Lindsey Hiebert et al.•New Directions for Child and…•2019

  • Academic outcomes of English learners in monolingual and dual language programs

    Open Access•Natalie L Bohlmann, Natalia Palacios et al.•Journal of Applied Developmental…•2025

  • The development of basic reading skills in children

    Open Access•Esther Geva, Min Wang•Annual Review of Applied…•2001

  • Language and Literacy in Bilingual Children

    Kimbrough Oller, Rebecca Eilers•Language and Literacy in…•2002

  • Pisa 2015 Results (Volume I)

    OECD OECD•PISA 2015 Results (Volume I)•2016

  • Uneven profiles

    Open Access•Nonie K Lesaux, Amy C Crosson et al.•Journal of Applied Developmental…•2010

  • A Longitudinal Investigation of Reading Outcomes in Children With Language Impairments

    Hugh W Catts, Marc E Fey et al.•Journal of Speech, Language, and…•2002

  • Dual language and literacy development of Spanish-speaking preschool children

    Open Access•Mariela Páez, Mariela M Páez et al.•Journal of Applied Developmental…•2007

  • Oral Language and Reading in Bilingual Children

    Open Access•Jon F Miller, John Heilmann et al.•Learning Disabilities Research &…•2006

  • The Gap Between Spanish Speakers’ Word Reading and Word Knowledge

    Open Access•Jeannette Mancilla-Martinez, Jeannette Mancilla‐Martinez et al.•Child Development•2011

  • The language and literacy development of young dual language learners

    Open Access•Carol Scheffner Hammer, Erika Hoff et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2014

  • Predictors and outcomes of early versus later English language proficiency among English language learners

    Open Access•Tamara Halle, Elizabeth Hair et al.•Early Childhood Research Quarterly•2011

  • Interpreting the early language trajectories of children from low-SES and language minority homes

    Erika Hoff•Developmental Psychology•2013

Citations per year1.29
Citation span2019 - 2026 (8)
Highly citedNo

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